2020年英语专业八级考试备考资料

2020年英语专业八级考试备考资料听力部分备考资料听力对话（Mini-lecture）Mini-lecture通常是一篇约900词的讲座，之后会有15道填空题。1.熟悉讲座主题类型常见主题包括学术领域（如文学、历史、哲学、社会学等）和社会生活话题（如文化习俗、教育、科技发展等）。例如，可能会有关于“莎士比亚戏剧中的女性角色”“社交媒体对人际关系的影响”等讲座。2.听力技巧训练-预读题目：在听力开始前，快速浏览题目，预判讲座内容和可能出现的信息点。比如看到题目中有“_____factorsinfluencingdecision-making”，就知道要重点听决策的影响因素。-边听边记：使用缩写、符号和关键词记录重要信息。例如，“increase”可写成“↑”，“decrease”写成“↓”；“example”写成“eg.”。-注意逻辑词：如“firstly,secondly,however,therefore”等，它们能帮助你把握讲座的结构和重点内容。3.练习题以下是一道模拟Mini-lecture题目及听力原文：听力原文：Today,wearegoingtotalkaboutthedevelopmentofurbantransportation.Urbantransportationhasgonethroughseveralsignificantstages.Thefirststageisthehorse-drawncarriageera.Inthepast,horse-drawncarriageswerethemainmeansoftransportationincities.Theywereslowbutrelativelystable.Peoplemainlyusedthemforshort-distancetravelwithinthecity.Thencamethetramera.Tramswereintroducedinthelate19thcentury.Theyranontracksandwerepoweredbyelectricity.Tramsincreasedthespeedofurbantransportationandcouldcarrymorepassengers.Theywereverypopularinmanybigcitiesatthattime.Thethirdstageistheautomobileera.Withtheinventionoftheinternalcombustionengine,carsbecamemoreandmorecommonincities.Carsprovidedmoreflexibilityforpeopletotravel.However,theyalsobroughtsomeproblems,suchastrafficcongestionandairpollution.Now,weareenteringtheeraofintelligenttransportation.IntelligenttransportationsystemsuseadvancedtechnologieslikeartificialintelligenceandtheInternetofThings.Forexample,smarttrafficlightscanadjusttheirtimingaccordingtothetrafficflow,andself-drivingcarsarebeingtestedinmanyplaces.Thesetechnologiesaimtomakeurbantransportationmoreefficientandsustainable.题目：1.Thefirststageofurbantransportationisthe______era.2.Horse-drawncarriagesweremainlyusedfor______travelwithinthecity.3.Tramswereintroducedinthe______century.4.Tramswerepoweredby______.5.Theautomobileerawasbroughtaboutbytheinventionofthe______.6.Carsprovidedmore______forpeopletotravel.7.Twoproblemscausedbycarsare______andairpollution.8.Thecurrenteraofurbantransportationistheeraof______transportation.9.Intelligenttransportationsystemsuseadvancedtechnologieslike______andtheInternetofThings.10.Smarttrafficlightscanadjusttheirtimingaccordingtothe______.答案：1.horse-drawncarriage2.short-distance3.late19th4.electricity5.internalcombustionengine6.flexibility7.trafficcongestion8.intelligent9.artificialintelligence10.trafficflow听力访谈（Interview/Conversation）听力访谈通常是一段对话，之后会有5道选择题。1.熟悉常见话题话题包括教育、职业发展、文化交流、健康养生等。例如，可能会有关于“如何选择合适的大学专业”“职场新人的职业规划”等对话。2.听力技巧训练-抓住主旨：注意对话开头和结尾部分，了解对话的主要目的和核心内容。-关注细节：对话中可能会出现时间、地点、人物观点等细节信息，需要仔细聆听并记录。-理解态度：注意说话者的语气和用词，判断其对话题的态度是积极、消极还是中立。3.练习题听力原文：A:Hi,Mary.IheardyoujustcamebackfromastudyabroadprograminFrance.Howwasit?B:Oh,itwasamazing!Ireallyenjoyedmytimethere.A:Whatdidyoulikemostabouttheexperience?B:Well,theculturewasoneofthehighlights.TheFrenchpeoplearesopassionateaboutart,food,andfashion.IvisitedmanyartmuseumsandtriedallkindsofdeliciousFrenchcuisine.A:Soundsgreat.Didyouhaveanydifficultiesduringyourstay?B:Yeah,thelanguagewasabitofachallengeatfirst.AlthoughIhadlearnedsomeFrenchinschool,itwasstillhardtocommunicatefluentlyinreal-lifesituations.ButImanagedtoimprovemylanguageskillsovertime.A:That'sgood.Didyoumakeanyfriendsthere?B:Absolutely!Imadesomereallygoodfriends,bothFrenchstudentsandotherinternationalstudents.Weoftenwentouttogetherandhadalotoffun.A:Itseemslikeyouhadaveryfulfillingexperience.Wouldyourecommendittoothers?B:Definitely!Ithinkstudyingabroadisagreatopportunitytobroadenyourhorizonsandgainnewperspectives.题目：1.WheredidMarygoforthestudy-abroadprogram?A.EnglandB.FranceC.Italy2.WhatdidMarylikemostabouttheexperience?A.TheweatherB.ThecultureC.Theaccommodation3.WhatwasadifficultyMaryfacedduringherstay?A.FindingaplacetoliveB.MakingfriendsC.CommunicatinginFrench4.WhodidMarymakefriendswith?A.OnlyFrenchstudentsB.OnlyinternationalstudentsC.BothFrenchandinternationalstudents5.WhatdoesMarythinkofstudyingabroad?A.It'sawasteoftime.B.It'sagreatopportunity.C.It'stooexpensive.答案：1.B2.B3.C4.C5.B阅读理解部分备考资料题型特点阅读理解部分包括选择题和简答题，文章题材广泛，涵盖文学、社会、科技、历史等领域。1.阅读技巧训练-略读：快速浏览文章标题、首尾段和每段的首句，了解文章的主旨和大致结构。-扫读：根据题目中的关键词，在文章中快速定位相关信息。-精读：对于重要的段落和句子，仔细阅读，理解其含义和逻辑关系。2.练习题阅读文章：Theconceptofsustainabledevelopmenthasbecomeincreasinglyimportantinrecentdecades.Itreferstothedevelopmentthatmeetstheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.Oneofthekeyaspectsofsustainabledevelopmentisenvironmentalprotection.Thisincludesmeasuressuchasreducingpollution,conservingnaturalresources,andprotectingbiodiversity.Forexample,manycountriesarenowinvestinginrenewableenergysourceslikesolarandwindpowertoreducetheirrelianceonfossilfuels,whichcauseenvironmentaldamage.Anotherimportantaspectiseconomicdevelopment.Sustainabledevelopmentrequiresthateconomicgrowthbeachievedinawaythatisenvironmentallyfriendlyandsociallyresponsible.Thismayinvolvepromotinggreenindustries,suchastheproductionofelectricvehiclesandthedevelopmentofsustainableagriculture.Socialdevelopmentisalsoanintegralpartofsustainabledevelopment.Itfocusesonimprovingthequalityoflifeforallpeople,especiallythepoorandmarginalized.Thiscanbeachievedthroughmeasuressuchasprovidingaccesstoeducation,healthcare,andcleanwater.Inconclusion,sustainabledevelopmentisacomplexandmulti-facetedconceptthatrequiresabalancebetweenenvironmental,economic,andsocialfactors.题目：1.Whatdoessustainabledevelopmentreferto?A.Meetingtheneedsofthepresentonly.B.Meetingtheneedsoffuturegenerationsonly.C.Meetingtheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.2.Whichofthefollowingisameasureofenvironmentalprotectioninsustainabledevelopment?A.Usingmorefossilfuels.B.Investinginrenewableenergysources.C.Increasingpollution.3.Whatdoessustainableeconomicdevelopmentrequire?A.Economicgrowthatanycost.B.Economicgrowththatisenvironmentallyfriendlyandsociallyresponsible.C.Onlyfocusingontraditionalindustries.4.Whatisanimportantpartofsocialdevelopmentinsustainabledevelopment?A.Ignoringthepoor.B.Providingaccesstoeducation,healthcare,andcleanwater.C.Promotingluxuryconsumption.5.Whatkindofconceptissustainabledevelopment?A.Asimpleandone-sidedconcept.B.Acomplexandmulti-facetedconcept.C.Aconceptthatonlyfocusesontheenvironment.简答题：1.Listtwokeyaspectsofsustainabledevelopmentmentionedinthepassage.2.Whyaremanycountriesinvestinginrenewableenergysources?答案：选择题：1.C2.B3.B4.B5.B简答题：1.Environmentalprotection,economicdevelopment,andsocialdevelopment(anytwoofthem).2.Toreducetheirrelianceonfossilfuels,whichcauseenvironmentaldamage.语言知识部分备考资料语法和词汇考点语法方面重点考查时态、语态、虚拟语气、从句、非谓语动词等；词汇方面注重近义词辨析、固定搭配、词汇的语境运用等。1.语法练习题1.IfI______you,Iwouldaccepttheoffer.A.amB.wasC.wereD.be2.Thebook,______isblue,belongstome.A.whosecoverB.itscoverC.thecoverofthatD.thecover3.He______inthefactoryforthreeyearsbeforehejoinedthearmy.A.hasworkedB.worksC.hadworkedD.willwork4.______isknowntoall,theearthisround.A.ThatB.AsC.ItD.What5.Theteacheraswellasthestudents______interestedinthemovie.A.areB.isC.haveD.has答案：1.C2.A3.C4.B5.B2.词汇练习题1.Thenewpolicywillhaveapositive______ontheeconomy.A.affectB.effectC.effortD.afford2.Thetwowordsaresimilarinmeaning,butthereisaslight______betweenthem.A.differenceB.differentC.differentiateD.differential3.Thecompanyistryingto______itsmarketshareintheglobalmarket.A.increaseB.raiseC.riseD.lift4.Heisso______thathebelieveseverythingotherstellhim.A.credibleB.credulousC.incredulousD.incredible5.Theprofessorgaveavery______speechattheconference.A.informB.informedC.informativeD.information答案：1.B2.A3.A4.B5.C翻译部分备考资料汉译英汉译英要求考生将一段约150个汉字的中文段落翻译成英语，注重对语言准确性和流畅性的考查。1.常用翻译技巧-词性转换：根据英语表达习惯，将中文的名词、动词等进行词性转换。例如，“他的成功源于他的努力”可译为“Hissuccessresultsfromhishardwork”，将“成功”（名词）和“努力”（名词）直接使用。-增词减词：为了使译文更符合英语表达习惯，有时需要增加或减少一些词。例如，“她很漂亮”可译为“Sheisverybeautiful”，增加了“very”使表达更自然。-句子结构调整：将中文的流水句调整为英语的复合句或并列句。例如，“他来了，他看到了，他征服了”可译为“Hecame,hesaw,andheconquered”。2.练习题中文段落：中国有着悠久的历史和丰富的文化。在过去的几十年里，中国在经济和科技领域取得了巨大的进步。许多中国的科技公司在全球市场上变得越来越有竞争力。中国的高铁技术更是闻名世界，为人们的出行提供了便利。参考译文：Chinahasalonghistoryandrichculture.Inthepastfewdecades,Chinahasmadegreatprogressinthefieldsofeconomyandtechnology.ManyChinesetechnologycompanieshavebecomemoreandmorecompetitiveintheglobalmarket.China'shigh-speedrailtechnologyisworld-famous,providingconvenienceforpeople'stravel.英译汉英译汉要求考生将一段约150个英文单词的段落翻译成中文，要准确传达原文的意思，同时注意中文表达的通顺性。1.常用翻译技巧-词义选择：根据上下文选择合适的词义。例如，“bank”有“银行”“河岸”等意思，需要根据语境确定。-语序调整：将英语的句子结构调整为符合中文表达习惯的语序。例如，“Themanwhoisstandingoverthereismyteacher”可译为“站在那边的那个人是我的老师”。-被动语态处理：英语中被动语态使用较多，翻译时可根据情况译为主动语态或保留被动形式。例如，“Thebookwaswrittenbyafamousauthor”可译为“这本书是一位著名作家写的”。2.练习题英文段落：Thedevelopmentofmoderntechnologyhasbroughtaboutmanychangesinourlives.WecannowcommunicatewithpeopleallovertheworldeasilythroughtheInternet.Mobilephoneshavealsomadeourlivesmoreconvenient.However,thesetechnologicaladvancementsalsobringsomeproblems,suchasprivacyissuesandcyber-attacks.参考译文：现代科技的发展给我们的生活带来了许多变化。现在我们可以通过互联网轻松地与世界各地的人交流。手机也使我们的生活更加便利。然而，这些科技进步也带来了一些问题，比如隐私问题和网络攻击。写作部分备考资料写作题型写作通常要求考生根据给定的题目或话题，写一篇约400词的议论文，需要观点明确、论证充分、结构清晰。1.写作结构-开头：引入话题，提出自己的观点。可以使用背景介绍、引用名言、提出问题等方式开头。-中间：分段落进行论证，每个段落有一个明确的分论点，并提供相应的论据支持。论据可以是事例、数据、专家观点等。-结尾：总结全文，再次强调自己的观点，也可以提出一些建议或展望。2.写作练习题目1.SomepeoplethinkthattheInternethasanegativeimpactonpeople'scommunicationskills.Doyouagreeordisagree?2.Shoulduniversitiesfocusmoreonpracticalskillstrainingortheoreticalknowledgeteaching?3.Isitnecessaryforstudentstotakepartinsocialactivitiesduringtheircollegeyears?以下是一篇关于“Isitnecessaryforstudentstotakepartinsocialactivitiesduringtheircollegeyears?”的范文：Inmodernsociety,theissueofwhetherstudentsshouldparticipateinsocialactivitiesduringtheircollegeyearshassparkedaheateddebate.Inmyopinion,itisdefinitelynecessaryforstudentstoengageinsocialactivities.Firstofall,participatinginsocialactivitiescanhelpstudentsdeveloptheircommunicationskills.Incollege,studentsmainlystudyinclassrooms,butsocialactivitiesprovidethemwithaplatformtocommunicatewithdifferentpeople.Forexample,joiningavolunteergroupallowsst