专业英语八级模拟试卷4（共427题）

专业英语八级模拟试卷4（共9套）

（共427题）

专业英语八级模拟试卷第1套

一、讲座（本题共75题，每题7.0分，共75分。）

PoetryNowadays,weliterarycriticsaresaidtotalklittleaboutactualliterature.Today,I

reallywanttofocusonpoetry.I.Acoursecalled"WorkingWithTexts"A.poetry

[T1]:UnderstandingPoetrj/[T1]—students:highlydependenton

my(subjective)readingsofthe[T2][T2]B.fiction—just[T3]

,nonovels[T3]一book:TheBestAmericanShortStoriesofthe

CenturyC.drama—book:ageneric[T4][T4]-gooddramatexts

and[T5][T5]D.courseblog—forstudents—tofindoutmoreabout

the[T6]wewerereading[T6]—moderatelysuccessfulII.[T7]

majorexperience[T7]A.whatyoushouldread-upwardsof100

[T8][T8]—300-400poems,andmaybe50[T9][T9]

B.result—scratchedthesurfaceof[T10][TI0]C.

differencefromothermajors-a[T11]whengraduated[T11]一a

prettygood[T12][T12]一howtocontinuallyfind[T131to

readiTI3]HI.TheimportanceofpoetryA.befamiliarwithpoetry—[TI4]

andcomplexity[T14]B.beawareofthe[T15]ofpoetry

[T15]—adyingart

1、[Tl]

标准答案：textbook

知识点解析：暂无解析

2、[T2]

标准答案：poems

知识点解析：暂无解析

3、[T3]

标准答案：shortstories

知识点解析：暂无解析

4、[T4]

标准答案：dramaanthology

知识点解析：暂无解析

5、[T5]

标准答案：che叩er

知识点解析：暂无解析

6、[T6]

标准答案：authors

知识点解析：暂无解析

7、[T7]

标准答案:English

知识点解析：暂无解析

8、[T81

标准答案：novels

知识点解析：暂无解析

9、[T9]

标准答案：plays

知识点解析：暂无解析

10、[T10J

标准答案：majorliterature

知识点解析：暂无解析

11、[TI1]

标准答案：well-preparednovice

知识点解析：暂无解析

12、[T12]

标准答案：sense

知识点解析：暂无解析

13、[T13]

标准答案:newthings

知识点解析：暂无解析

14、[T14]

标准答案：diversity

知识点解析：暂无解析

15、[T15]

标准答案：innerworkings

知识点解析：暂无解析

二、会话（本题共70题，每题7.0分，共70分。）

16、

A、ItisAliceMcDermott'smasterpiece.

B、IttookAliceMcDermottsevenyearstofinishit.

C、Itisaboutanordinarywoman'sunremarkablelife.

D、ItisAliceMcDermott'sfirstnewnovelinthepastsevenyears.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

17、

A^Itbeganassomethingbiggerbutwasnarroweddownatlast.

B、Itwasbeingmuchheardof.

C、Itwasaboutaquiteappealingcharacter.

D^Ithadbeenmentionedinliteraturebefore.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

18、

A、Sheisaveryappealingperson.

B、Sheisacommonwoman.

C^Sheisachildwithdoublecharacter.

D、Sheisawomanwithdoublelife.

标海答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

19、

A、Theyhadnofreedomofspeakinginpublic.

B、Theydarednotexpresstheiropinions.

C、Theywerenotinterestedinspeakingout.

D、Theyhadnoideasaboutwhattosay.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

20、

A、Becauseshewantstopleaseherparentswhowerefirst-generationIrishCatholics.

B、Becausesheisobsessedwiththingsinthatera.

C、Becauseshewantstodefendthewomanagainstinjustice.

D、Becauseshefindsitattractivetostudythewoman'slife.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

21、

A、Theytendtoexpresslessthantheythink.

B、Theyarekeptfromseeingandsaying.

C、Theyspeaklittleforaculturalreason.

D^Theyhavetheirownlanguage.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

22、

A、Shedidn'ttellAliceMcDennotttoomuchaboutherself.

B、Shethoughtnoonewaslisteningtoher.

C>ShetoldAliceMcDermottmuchofherlife.

D、\ShetoldAliceMcDermottwheretoendherstory.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

23、

A、Shewantsthecharactertotellthestorybyherself.

B、Shewantstotryanothernarrativemethod.

CNSheassumesthecharactertobeherself.

D、Sheprefersthefirstpersontothethirdperson.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

24、

A、Grammaticalpersondoesnothavetoomuchdifferenceinwriting.

B、Grammaticalpersonweighsalotinwriting.

C、Donothangononegrammaticalpersoninwriting.

D、Donotchangeyourinitialchoiceofgrammaticalpersoninwriting.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

25、

A、Itcreatestherhythm,thebeautyandthemusic.

B、Itmakesthestoryaccessibletous.

C、Itmakessentencesasimportantasthecontent.

D、Itvaluesmostinallthebooks.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

三、选择题（本题共74题，每题1.0分，共14分。）

Scientistsalreadyknewthatbilingualyoungadultsandchildrenperformbetterontasks

dictatedbythebrain'sexecutivecontrolsystem.Locatedatthefrontofthebrain,this

systemis"thebasisforyourabilitytothinkincomplexways,controlattention,anddo

everythingwethinkofasuniquelyhumanthought/saidEllenBialystok,apsychologist

atYorkUniversityinToronto,Canada.Nowstudiesarerevealingthatadvantagesof

bilingualismpersistintooldage,evenasthebrain'ssharpnessnaturallydeclines,

BialystoksaidFridayatameetingoftheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementof

ScienceinWashington,D.C.Bialystokandcolleaguesexamined102longtimebilingual

and109monolingualAlzheimer'spatientswhohadthesamelevelofmentalacuity.

About24millionpeoplehavedementia（痴呆）worldwide,withthemajorityofthem

sufferingfromAlzheimer's,accordingtoSweden'sKarolinskaInstitutetmedical

university.ThebilingualpatientshadbeendiagnosedwiththeAlzheimer'saboutfour

yearslaterthanthemonolingualpatients,onaverage,accordingtoBialystok'smost

recentstudy,publishedinNovemberinthejournalNeurology.Thissuggests

bilingualismis"protectingolderadults,evenasAlzheimer'sisbeginningtoaffect

cognitivefunction,"Bialystoksaid.Bialystokisalsostudyingphysicaldifferences

betweenbilingualandmonolingualbrains.Inanewexperiment,sheusedCTscansto

examinebrainsofmonolingualsandbilingualswithdementia.Allthesubjectswerethe

sameageandfunctionedatthesamecognitivelevel."Thephysicaleffectsofthedisease

inthebrainwerefoundtobemoreadvancedinthebilinguals'brains,eventhoughtheir

mentalabilitywasroughlythesame,"BialystoktoldNationalGeographicNews.

Apparently,thebilinguals'brainsarcsomehowcompensating,shesaid."Eventhoughthe

'machine'ismorebroken,theycanfunctionatthesamelevelasamonolingualwithless

disease,"shesaid."Benefitsofbilingualismcanbegininuterus（子宫）,"JanetWerker,a

psychologistattheUniversityofBritishColumbia,Canada,toldthenewsbriefing.For

instance,Workerandcolleagues'recentstudiesshowthatbabiesexposedtotwo

languagesinuterusdonotconfusetheirlanguagesfrombirth.'*Thementalworkout

requiredtokeepthelanguagesseparatemaycreatean'enhancedperceptualvigi山nee（警

觉）'thathaslifelongbenefits,"Werkersaid."WhatI'dliketosuggestisthekindof

advantagesyou'veheardaboutinagingcanbeestablishedfromthosefirstdaysoflife,in

babieshavingtokeepthetwolanguagesapart."Granted,peoplebornintobilingualism

haveitabiteasier,"Oneofthethingsbabieshaveistheluxuryoftime—theygetthe

opportunitytoreallyfocusontaskathand,"Workersaid.nIfwewanttolearnasecond

language,weneedtosettimeasidetoallowthattohappen"—andevidencesuggeststhe

payoffisworthit.Evenifyoudon'tlearnasecondlanguageuntilaftermiddleage,itcan

stillhelpstaveoffdementia,York'sBialystoksaid.Being"bilingualisonewaytokeep

yourbrainactive-it'spartofthecognitive-reserveapproachtobrainfitness,"Bialystok

said.Andwhenitcomestoexercisingthebrainbylearninganotherlanguage,sheadded,

"themorethebetter-andeverylittlebithelps."

26、Bilingualismhelpsolderadultsto.

stayawayfromAlzheimer's

B>retaincognitiveabilities

C>delayagingprocess

D^improvementalacuity

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。由题干中的bilingualism和olderadults定位至第三段第二

句，该句指出，双语正在保护老年人，即使是在老年痴呆症已经开始影响和损害他

们的认知功能的时候，爽句话说，双语(bilingualism)能帮助老年人保持认知功能，

B|Jretaincognitiveabilities□此外，第二段首句提到，advantagesofbilingualism

persistintooldage,evenasthebrain'ssharpnessnaturallydeclines,这也很好土也证实

了这一观点，因此［B］为答案。

27>WhatdidBialystokfindoutaboutbilingualandmonolingualbrains?

A、Bilingualbrainsareusuallymorebrokenthanmonolingualbrains.

B、Bilingualbrainsaremorephysicallyadvancedthanmonolingualbrains.

C>Bilingualbrainsfunctionbetterperpetuallythanmonolingualbrains.

D、Bilingualbrainsgetlessmentaldiseasesthanmonolingualbrains.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推断题。由题干中的bilingualandmonolingualbrains定位至第四、五

段。Bialystok对会双语和只会一种语言的人的大体做了研究，发现了他们在生理

方面的差异。第五段第一句提到，大脑方面的疾病在那些会双语的人脑中发现得更

晚。接下来指出，会双语的人的大脑有补偿作用，即使受到更严重的损伤，他们也

能和患有较轻疾病的只会一种语言的人的大脑拥有相同的水平。由此看出，会双语

的人的大脑比只会一种语言的人的大脑运转得更好，更持久，故［C］为答案。

28、Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A、BenefitsofBilingualism.

B、TheoryofBilingualism.

C、BilingualismandMonolingualism.

D、BilingualisminBabiesandtheOld.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：主旨题。纵观全文，本文主要说明了掌握双语带来的好处。第一段是

其对小孩和成年人的积极影响；第二、三段说明其可以降低老人患痴呆症的几率；

第四、五段说明会双语的人大脑的某些功能更强大；第六至八段说明其对胎儿的影

响会持续到老年；第九段是其对中年人的好处。由此可知，这篇文章的最佳标题就

是双语的好处，故［A］为答案。

AweekofheavyreadinghadpassedsincetheeveninghefirstmetRuthMorse,andstill

hedarednotcall.Timeandagainhenervedhimselfuptocall,butunderthedoubtsthat

assailedhimhisdeterminationdiedaway.Hedidnotknowthepropertimetocall,nor

wasthereanyonetotellhim,andhewasafraidofcommittinghimselftoanirretrievable

blunder.Havingshakenhimselffreefromhisoldcompanionsandoldwaysoflife,and

havingnonewcompanions,nothingremainedforhimbuttoread,andthelonghourshe

devotedtoitwouldhaveruinedadozenpairsofordinaryeyes.Buthiseyeswerestrong,

andtheywerebackedbyabodysuperblystrong.Furthermore,hismindwasfallow.It

hadlainfallow（体耕的）allhislifesofarastheabstract（深奥的）【houghtofthebookswas

concerned,anditwasripeforthesowing.Ithadneverbeenjadedbystudy,anditbit

holdoftheknowledgeinthebookswithsharpteeththatwouldnotletgo.Itseemedto

him,bytheendoftheweek,thathehadlivedcenturies,sofarbehindweretheoldlife

andoutlook.Buthewasbaffledbylackofpreparation.Heattemptedtoreadbooksthat

requiredyearsofpreliminaryspecialization.Onedayhewouldreadabookofantiquated

philosophy,andthenextdayonethatwasultra-modern,sothathisheadwouldbe

whirlingwiththeconllictandcontradictionofideas.Itwasthesamewiththeeconomists.

OntheoneshelfatthelibraryhefoundKarlMarx,Ricardo,AdamSmith,andMill,and

theabstruse（深奥的）fonrulasoftheonegavenoclewthattheideasofanotherwere

obsolete.Hewasbewildered,andyethewantedtoknow.Hehadbecomeinterested,ina

day,ineconomics,industry,andpolitics.PassingthroughtheCityHallPark,hehad

noticedagroupofmen,inthecentreofwhichwerehalfadozen,withflushedfacesand

raisedvoices,earnestlycarryingonadiscussion.Hejoinedthelisteners,andheardanew,

alientongueinthemouthsofthephilosophersofthepeople.Onewasatramp,another

wasalaboragitator,athirdwasalaw-schoolstudent,andtheremainderwascomposed

ofwordyworkingmen.Forthefirsttimeheheardofsocialism,anarchism,andsingletax,

andlearnedthattherewerewarringsocialphilosophies.Heheardhundredsoftechnical

wordsthatwerenewtohim,belongingtofieldsofthoughtthathismeagrereadinghad

nevertouchedupon.Becauseofthishecouldnotfollowtheargumentsclosely,andhe

couldonlyguessatandsurmise（推测）theideaswrappedupinsuchstrangeexpressions.

Thentherewasablack-eyedrestaurantwaiterwhowasatheosophist,aunionbakerwho

wasanagnostic,anoldmanwhobaffledallofthemwiththestrangephilosophythat

whatisisright,andanotheroldmanwhodiscoursed（讲述）inleiminablyaboutthe

cosmosandthefather-atomandthemother-atom.MartinEden'sheadwasinastateof

addlementwhenhewentawayafterseveralhours,andhehurriedtothelibrarytolookup

（hedefinitionsofadozenunusualwords.Andwhenheleftthelibrary,hecarriedunder

hisarmfourvolumes:MadamBlavatsky's"SecretDoctrine,""ProgressandPoverty,"

"TheQuintessenceofSocialism,"and,"WarfareofReligionandScience."

Unfortunately,hebeganonthe"SecretDoctrine."Everylinebristledwithmany-

syllablcdwordshedidnotunderstand.Hesatupinbed,andthedictionarywasinfront

ofhimmoreoftenthanthebook.Helookedupsomanynewwordsthatwhenthey

recurred,hehadforgottentheirmeaningandhadtolookthemupagain.Hedevisedthe

planofwritingthedefinitionsinanote-book,andfilledpageafterpagewiththem.And

stillhecouldnotunderstand.Hereaduntilthreeinthemorning,andhisbrainwasina

turmoil,butnotoneessentialthoughtinthetexthadhegrasped.Helookedup,andit

seemedthattheroomwaslifting,heeling,andplunginglikeashipuponthesea.Thenhe

hurledthe"SecretDoctrine"andmanycursesacrosstheroom,turnedoffthegas,and

composedhimselftosleep.Nordidhehavemuchbetterluckwiththeotherthreebooks.

Itwasnotthathisbrainwasweakorincapable:itcouldthinkthesethoughtswereitnot

forlackoftraininginthinkingandlackofthethought-toolswithwhichtothink.He

guessedthis,andforawhileentertainedtheideaofreadingnothingbutthedictionaiy

untilhehadmasteredeverywordinit.

29、Whatrhetoricdevicewasusedinthesentence"Ithadlainfallow...forthesowing."?

A、Allusion.

B>Personification.

C^Metaphor.

D、Simile.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：修辞题。由题干中的Ithadlainfallow...forthesowing.定位至第

一段倒数第二句，其中it指的是前一句中的hismind,fallow原意为“犁过而未经播

种的土地“，这里是说他的思想就像刚犁过的土地，等待播种，体现了他渴望学习

这些有关抽象思维的书的心情。此处将mind比作“犁过而未经播种的土地”，但并

没有出现like,as之类的比喻词，因此是使用了暗喻的修辞手法，因此［C］为答

案。

30、WhydidMartinEdenbegintoreadheavily?

A、Becauseheneededtolearnhowtosowonthefallowland.

B、Becausehemeanttotestifhiseyeswereverystrong.

C>Becausehewasconcernedaboutsomeabstractthoughts.

D、Becausehehadstrongdesiretolearnsomeknowledge.

标准答案：D'

知识点解析：细节题。由题干中的readheavily定位至第一段最后一句。该句中指

出Ithadneverbeenjadedbystudy»anditbitholdoftheknowledgeinthebookswith

sharpteeththatwouldnotleigo.即他的心灵没有厌'卷书本，总用它锋利的牙齿牢牢

咬住书本上的知识不肯放松，由此可知，他大量阅读是因为他渴求知识，故［D］为

答案。

31、Thesecondparagraphismeanttoshowthat.

A、MartinEdenenjoyedreadingbooksofdifferentthemes

B、MartinEdenbegantoencounterdifferentnewideas

C、MartinEdendidn'thaveveryefficientlearningmethod

D、MartinEdenwasahardworkingandmodestperson

标准答案：B

知识点解析：推断题。由题干定位至第二段。从该段第三至四句Heatlempledlo

readbooksthatrequiredyearsofpreliminaryspecialization...sothathisheadwould

bewhirlingwiththeconflictandcontradictionofideas.中可知，他啃了一些需要多年

准备才能读的书，以至于脑子里的概念矛盾抵触，弄得他晕头转向，此外，还有第

七句Hewasbewildered,andyethewantedtoknow.这些都表明他在阅读过程中碰

到了不同的新观点，故|B|为答案。

32、MartinEdencouldnotunderstandthebooksforthefollowingreasons

EXCEPT.

ANhedidn'tknowalotofnewwords

B、hedidn'thavetrainingsinthinking

C^hedidn'thaveanintelligentbrain

D、hedidn'thaveusefulthought-tools

标准答案：c

知识点露析：推断题。本题针对马丁・伊登读不懂书的原因提问。第三段倒数第二

句提到itwasnotthathisbrainwasweakorincapable,表明不是因为他的脑子不脱,明

或者没有能力，因此没有聪明的头脑并不是他读不懂书的原因，故［C］为答案。

Wheredoesmoralitycomefrom?ThroughoutthehistoryofWesterncivilizationthinkers

haveusuallyansweredeitherthatitcomesfromGod,orelsethroughdieapplicationof

reason.ButinTheBonoboandtheAtheist,primatologistFransdeWaalarguesthat

there'sanotheranswerthatfitsthedatabetter:moralitycomesfromourevolutionarypast

asasocialprimate（灵长H动物）.Likeourclosestrelatives,theapes,humansevolvedin

small,tightlyknit,cooperativegroups.Asaresult,againliketheapes,weareexquisitely

sensitivetooneanother'smoods,needsandintentions.Thiswell-developedempathy

providedthetrellis（框架）onwhichmoralitylaterflowered.DeWaal,whoisbasedat

EmoryUniversityinAtlanta,Georgia,hasbeenmakingthiscaseeloquentlyformany

yearsandoverseveralbooks,notablyinGoodNaturcdbackin1997,andinPrimatesand

Philosophers,12yearslater.Inhisnewwork,hebolsters（支持）lheargumentbydrawing

onalotofnewresearch,carefullyfootnotedforthosewhowanttodigdeeper.DeWaal

distinguishestwodegreesofmorality.Thefirsthecalls"one-on-onemorality",which

governshowanindividualcanexpecttobetreated,andthesecond"community

concern",alarger,moreabstractconceptthatextendstotheharmonyofthegroupasa

whole.Chimpsandbonoboscertainlyhavetheformer-theyrespectownership,for

example,andexpecttobetreatedaccordingtotheirplaceinthehierarchy.ButdeWaal

presentsseveralexamples-suchasachimpsteppingintostopafightbetweentwo

others——thatsuggestthattheyalsohavearudimentary（初步的）formofthelatter.The

book'stitle,incidentally,drawsonbonobosbecausetheyaremorelikelythanchimpsto

behavemorally,tohaveconcernforeachother,tovalueharmonyandsoon.This,

imagines,deWaal,issomethingmorallyinclinedatheistswouldwanttoemulate.If

humansinheritedmoralityfromourancestors,though,whatarewetomakeofreligion?

HeredeWaalmovesintotheterritoryhehasnotexploredbefore.Clearly,religionmust

dosomethingimportant,sinceeveryhumanculturehasit.Butinsteadofreligiongiving

usmorality,deWaalturnsthetables.Morality,heargues,probablygaveusreligionasa

wayofreinforcingthepre-existingcommunityconcern.Ifhe'sright,thentheremaybe

noabsolutecodeofrightandwrongouttheretobediscovered.Instead,eachindividual's

evolvedsenseofempathyandconcernfbrthegroupmayhelpshapethegroup's

consensusonwhatkindofbehaviourisappropriate.Inshort,saysdeWaal,moralitymay

besomethingweallhavetoworkouttogether.It'sapersuasiveargument,anddeWaal's

cautiousandevidence-basedapproachisonethatmanyNewScientistreadersaresureto

findcongenial.Thatcarefulapproachislessevidentinanotherbookcoveringsomeof

thesameground.InHowAnimalsGrieve,anthropologistBarbaraKingsetsoutto

explorethequestionofwhethernon-humananimalsgrievefortheirdead.It'san

intriguingquestion,butunfortunatelyKing'sbookislargelyasuccessionofanecdotes:

thecatwhoroamsthehouse,crying,insearchofitsdeadlittermate:thedogwhowaits

dailyatthetrainstationforitsdeadmaster:adolphintryingtokeepherdeadcalfafloat

fordays.Someofthesestoriesmakeapersuasivecasefbrsomeanimals-especially

apes,elephantsandcetaceans—sometimesgrieving.Nosurprisesthere:Isuspectmost

readerswouldhaveconcededthatgroundrightfromthestart.ButKingmakeslittleeffort

todiganydeeperbyexploring,forexample,theneuralmachineryandcognitiveskillsan

animalneedsinordertobecapableofgrief.Afterall,solitaryspeciessuchascatshave

lessneedforempathy—anditscorollary,grief-thansocialanimals,andsmall-brained

creaturessuchasturtlesmaysimplylackthebrainpowerornotformlastingpairbonds.

Tohiscredit,deWaaltakesfullnoteofsuchdistinctions:King,notsomuch.

33、WhichstatementwouldFransdeWaalmostprobablyagreeto?

A、Bonobosarenotasconcernedabouteachotheraschimps.

AtheistswouldliketoemulatetheharmonyamongBonobos.

C、Bonobosareagoodexampletoshowwheremoralityconicsfrom.

D、Atheistsareagroupofpeoplewhoarelackofmoralstandards.

标准答案：C」

知识点解析：细节题。作者在第六段第一句提到FransdeWaal的书时指出，书名

用倭黑猩猩(bonobos)是因为它们比黑猩猩(chimps)在行为上表现得更道德，可见

FransdeWaal认为，倭黑猩猩是说明道德来源的好例子，故［0为答案。

34、Aboutreligionandmorality,FransdeWaalbelievesthat.

A、religionbringsmoralitytous

B、nocodeofrightandwrongcanbediscoveredoutthere

C、peoplewhohaveareligiousbeliefbehaveappropriately

D、individualswhocareaboutagroupcancreatemorality

标准答案：D-

知识点解析：细节题。第八段第二句提到，个体对群体所产生的共鸣与关注有助于

形成群体对恰当行为的共识，也就是说道德是我们共同努力的结果，故［D］为答

案。

35、TheauthorfindBarbaraKing'sbook.

A、persuasive

surprising

C、suspicious

D、unconvincing

标准答案：D:

知识点解析：推断题。由题干中的BarbaraKing'sbook定位至第九、十段。第九段

最后一句提到，BarbaraKing的书主要是一系列轶事；此外，第十段最后一句作者

明确指出他认为大多数读者会承认这本书从开始论述的就是一个既定事实，由此可

知，作者认为BarbaraKing的书缺乏说服力，因此［D］为答案。

36、Theauthorwritesthepassageto,

A-.analyzetheoriginofmorality

B、makecommentsontwobooks

C、exploresomeanimalbehaviors

D^presentsomeintriguingfindings

标准答案：B

知识点解析：主旨题。纵观全文，文章第一段提出问题：道德从何而来，第二至八

段介绍FransdeWaal关于道德的研究，第九至十一段介绍BarbaraKing对动物是

否为同类的死亡表示哀痛的研究及著作，最后一段对两个学者的著作进行比较和评

价，由此可知，作者的写作意图主要是对两本书做出比较和评价，因此［B］为答

案。

WhenofficialsinNewYorkCitybegantopiecetogetherhowSuperstonnSandyhad

managedtofloodthesubwaylastOctober,theyfoundthatthestormhaddrivenabundle

oflumberfromaconstructionsiterightthroughaplywood（夹板）barrierbuiltaroundone

oftheentrancestotheSouthFerrysubwaystation.Itwasaseeminglyrandomactof

violence,butinreality,thebarriersprobablyneverstoodachance.Withastanding-water

heightofupto1.5metresatBatteryParkonManhattan'ssouthernmosttip,therisingtide

skirted（绕过）asecondplywoodblockadeandpouredoverawaist-highconcretewallat

anotherentrance.Preparingforhurricanesishard.Butthefactthatcoreinfrastructurein

aglobalmetropolissuchasNewYorkwasprotectedbyplywoodshouldtriggeralarms.

SouthFerryisareminderofjusthowill-preparedNewYorkwasfbrastormofthis

magnitude—anditunderscoresthescaleofthechallengeahead.Itwasn'tsupposedtobe

thisway.NewYorkCityhasengagedscientistswhileworkingtoreduceemissionsand

prepareforawarmerworld.In2008,MayorMichaelBloombergcreatedtheNewYork

CityPanelonClimateChange,andinAugustthecitycouncilgavethepanelapermanent

placeinitslong-termplanningprocess.PlaNYC,aplanningdocumentthatoffersa

visionofwhatthecitywilllooklikein2030,includesacomprehensivechapteron

climatechange.ButnoneofthispreparedthecityforSandy.Norcouldithave一the

surgethatSandybroughtashorewasoffthecharts.Legions（大批）ofscientistsarenow

assessingwhathappenedandprojectingfuturerisks.Thelatest,andperhapsbest,

estimate,basedonmodelsbyresearchersatPrincetonUniversityinNewJerseyandthe

MassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyinCambridge,isthatthestormsurgeatBattery

Parkwasal-in-500-yearevent.Butthesizeofasurgeisnottheonlymeasureofa

dangerousstorm,norisBatteryParktheonlylocationthatmatters.Scientistsalsoknow

thatthebaseline（基线）ischangingwiththeclimate.ALofwhichleavesthecity,its

residentsandbusinessesintheunenviablepositionofrebuildinginthefaceofan

uncertainfuture.Asthisprocessunfolds,severallessonscanbelearnedfromSandyin

manyplaces,premiseserectedundernewerbuildingcedessurvivedthestormwithonly

limiteddamageatgroundlevel.Anewgenerationofwaterfrontparksanddevelopments

alsoweatheredthestormquitewell,showingthattherearewaystomanagetherisksof

occasionalflooding.Butgiventhepredictedsea-levelriseandthelikelihoodofmore

powerfulstormsinthefuture,amorecomprehensivestrategyisclearlyneeded.Some

positivesignshaveemerged.TheFederalEmergencyManagementAgencyisupdating

thecity'sfloodmaps,andthecityhasannouncedstepstostrengthenitsbuildingcodes.

AsdirectedbyCongresslastyear,theagencywillalsobeincorporatinglong-term

climateprojections,includingforsca-lcvclrise,intoitsratestructureforthefederalflood

insuranceprogramme.Untilnow,theprogrammehasservedasagovernmentsubsidyfor

riskycoastaldevelopment-soriskythatprivateinsurancecompaniesrefusedtoenterthe

market.Oneofthebigquestionsfacingtheregioniswhethertospendbillionsofdollars

onastorm-surgebarrier.Scientistsandengineersshouldclearlyincludeabarrierintheir

analysis,butasurgeisjustoneofmanythreatsposedbymanykindsofstorm.Moreover,

howfastNewYorkbouncesbackwilldependnotonlyondamagetoinfrastructurebut

alsoonthestrengthofsocialnetworksandthegeneralhealthofthecommunities

affected.Fartherafield,assealevelsrise,coastalcitieswillhavelittlechoicebuttolearn

tolivewithmorewaterthantheyareusedtotoday.

37、OfficialsfoundthatSandyhadmanagedtofloodsubwaybecause.

A、abundleoflumberhitthroughthesubwaystationentrance

B、BatteryParkdidn'tstandachancetoblocktheviolentstorm

C>importantinfrastructureswerebuiltwithinferiormaterials

D、theheightoftheconcretewallatanentrancewasbroken

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题。由题干定位至第一、二段。该段主要介绍了飓风Sandy造成

的一些破坏。第二段第二句提到飓风袭击的反思：用胶合板保护核心的基础设施，

应该拉响警报了。由此可知，飓风袭击造成严重破坏的原因是使用劣质材料建造重

要的基础设施，因此［C］符合题意。

38、Itcanbeinferredfromthefourthparagraphthat.

A、climatechangecausesthebaselinedecline

B、stonnlikeSandywon'thappenincenturies

C、scientistscanpredictlarge-scalestorms

D、astormgetsdangerousformanyfactors

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推断题。由题干定位至第四段。该段第三句使用了转折词but,但是

浪的规模并不是衡量风暴危险性的唯一标准，也就是说，风暴的危险性还有许多其

他因素，因此［D］为答案。

39、Theauthorsuggeststhatcoastalcitiesfacedwithclimatechangeshouldbe.

A、optimistic

B>insensitive

C、adaptable

D^contemplative

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推断题。由题干中的coasudcities定位至最后一段。该段最后一句提

至coastalcitieswillhavelittlechoicebuttolearntolivewithmorewaterthantheyare

usedto」oday,即海滨城市别无选择，只能学会在比当今更多的水环境中生活，即学

会适应越来越多的水环境，因此作者的建议是海滨城市应该具有很强的适应性，因

此选择［C］。

四、简答题（本题共8题，每题分，共8分。）

40、PASSAGEONE

标准答案：Itcancausethebrainstofeelgreatpains.

知识点解析：由题干中的emotionaldamage定位至第六段。该段指出，受欺凌让人

产生的受到排斥的感受会触及大脑里与身体疼痛相连的同一条神经通路。由此可

知，感情上的伤害可以导致大脑的疼痛，故答案为Itcancausethebrainstofeelgreat

pains©

41、PASSAGETWO

标准答案：Becausecountriesneedtopaymoretobuyrawmaterials.

知识点解析：由题干中的Mercantilism定位至第四段第一句。本段介绍了currency

war,即17和18世纪所谓的mercantilism（商业主义），阐述商业主义是货币战争的

起源，发达国家通过加工从殖民地廉价购买的原材料以及关税获取巨额利润。第五

段接着指出，这种商业主义在现代社会已不起作用，各国不再能够从殖民地购买廉

价的原材料，他们需要在开放的市场购买这些原材料，尤其是石油。故答案为

Bccausecountriesneedtopaymoretobuyrawmaterialso

PASSAGETHREE

42、WhatisoneofthecharacteristicsthatextendedthecontroloftheOttomanEmpire?

标准答案：Itsallowanceofreligiousfreedomfordifferentnationalitiesandminorities.

知识点解析：由题干中的characteristics和OttomanEmpire定位至第四段第三句It

hasbeensuggestedthatoneofthecharacferisticsthatextendedthedcminalicn（控制J）cf

theOttomanEmpirewasitsallowanceofreligiousfreedomforthedifferentnationalities

andminoritiesunderitsrule.由定位句可知，奥斯曼帝国之所以能大规模地扩大统

治范围，是因为奥斯曼帝国允许其统治下的不同国籍和种族的人宗教信仰自由，故

答案为Itsallowanceofreligiousfreedom