山西省高三下学期考前适应性测试启航（一模）英语试题

英语注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试题相应的位置。2.全部答案在答题卡上完成，答在本试题上无效。3.听力部分满分30分，不计入总分。4.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案用0.5mm黑色笔迹签字笔写在答题卡上。5.考试结束后，将本试题和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.What’sthehomeworkforTuesday?A.Readingthefifthchapter.B.Preparingforthenextclass.C.Discussingthefifthchapter.2.What’stheman’sfavoritesport?A.Volleyball.B.Tabletennis.C.Football.3.Whatweatherdoesthemandislike?A.Snowy.B.Windy.C.Sunny.4.Whoistheman?A.Apatient.B.Adentist.C.Aninterviewer.5.Whichwebsitedoesthewomanvisitforfun?A.Tencent.B.UsingEnglish.C.Youtube.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatdoesthemansuggestdoingtonight?A.Seeingamovie.B.Enjoyingaconcert.C.Watchingaplay.7.Whenwillthespeakersmeet?A.At6:30.B.At7:00.C.At7:30.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.HowdidthewomangotoworkonMonday?A.Bycar.B.Onfoot.C.Bybike.9.Whatwouldthemanliketouse?A.Asharedcharger.B.Asharedcar.C.Asharedumbrella.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Strangers.B.Colleagues.C.Classmates.11.Whatdoesthemanremenddoingfirst?A.Findingacmodation.B.Decidingwheretogo.C.Gettingamap.12.Whocangivethewomanrightdirectioninformationfaster?A.Kids.B.Tourists.C.Deliverymen.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whatiswrongwiththeman’selectricwheelchair?A.Theseatcan’tbeadjusted.B.Thebatterycan’tbecharged.C.Thewheelscan’tturnautomatically.14.Howmuchwillthemanhavetopayfortherepair?A.$55.B.Morethan$55.C.Freeofcharge.15.Whattimeisavailablefortheman?A.OnthemorningofOctober23rd.B.OnthemorningofOctober25th.C.OntheafternoonofOctober25th.16.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Waitforacall.B.Callthetechnician.C.Arrangeanappointment.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whywilltheprogrambeheld?A.Towelenewhighschoolstudents.B.Toimprovetheeducationofcollegestudents.C.Tohelphighschoolstudentslearnaboutcollege.18.Whichofthefollowingdovolunteersneedtodo?A.Introducethehistoryoftheschool.B.Teachstudentshowtousestudentcards.C.Helpimprovethefriendshipbetweenstudents.19.Howmanystudentsshouldavolunteerguideatmost?A.Four.B.Six.C.Ten.20.Howdoesastudentgetmoreinformation?A.Byaskingvolunteers.B.Bycallingtheschooloffice.C.Byvisitingthecollegewebsite.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分60分）第一节（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AThreedaysofwonderfulridingforthepriceofone!What:EasterBikeTourWhen:March2931Where:TexasHillCountry,Kerrville,TexasWhatmakesthisrideuniqueanda“mustdo”?Inits51styear,thisrideoffersthreedaysofridingwithmultipleroutesforalllevelsofriders,from19milesto85miles,eachdayofferingthreedistanceoptions,allongreatroadsfeaturingspringtimewildflowers!Althoughthereisanofficialstarttime,ridersareweletostartattheirleisure.ReststationsandSAG(SupportandGear)supportareprovidedalongtheroutes.Whatmakesthiseventa“festival”?TheridestartsandstopseverydayattheTrailheadBeerGardenwhichfeatureslocalcraftbeerandwinesaswellasfoodtrucksforpostridenourishment.Evenbetter,wehavehiredlocalbandstoplayintheRockingSquaresoyoucanenjoyyourselfwithyourfriendsandshareyourexperienceofconqueringthehills!Thereareadditionalwinetastingoptions,andthebeautifulY.O.Hotelhasgivenusanamazingrate!Prefertocamp?SchreinerParkhasbeautifulfullservicesiteswithshowers,privatecabins,andevenanawesometrailsystemasabonus!IncludedInYourRegistration●SupersoftcottonTshirt●3daysofridingoffering9routeoptionsforalllevelsofriders●FridayandSaturdayridesofferreststationswithfoodanddrinksevery1015milesaswellasSAGsupportduringtherideandtechnicalsupportatthestartoftherideprovidedbyHillCountryCycling.●Invitationtoafterparties:FridaywinerySaturdayTrailheadBrewPubOnSiteRegistrationYouwillbeabletoregisteronsiteviapaperforms.Wewillacceptpaymentviacashorcreditcard.1.WhatmakesEasterBikeTourspecial?A.Differentroutesforridersofalllevels. B.Thevariedridingscheduleswithinaday.C.Thefixedstarttimeofthetour. D.Autumnlandscapesalongtheroutes.2.Whereshouldonegoifheintendstogocamping?A.Y.O.Hotel. B.SchreinerPark.C.RockingSquare. D.TrailheadBeerGarden.3.Whatcanpeoplegetafterregistration?A.Invitationtoafterparties. B.Dailytechnicalsupport.C.9daysoffreeriding. D.A100%cottonjacket.BRossMcLaren,a31yearoldchemistryteacherfromKilwinning,Ayrshire,begandivingin2016.Hewasamazedbythesealife,butthehobbycansometimesbedepressingduetothequantityofrubbish.WhiledivinginScotland’ssealochs(海湾),RossnoticedasharpriseinlittersincetheCOVID19lockdown,despitehisbeliefthatScotlandisoneofthebestplacesintheworldfordiving.“Iaccidentallyfellinlovewithdiving,andit’sgoodtoshowpeoplewhatishappeningunderwater,”Rosssaid.“SomeofthethingsI’veseenunderwateraredecadesold.Seacreaturesaremakingtheirhomesinlitter.Peoplewon’tcareiftheycan’tseeit.”Ononeoccasion,hespottedwhathethoughtwasamagnificentjellyfish(牡蛎),onlytorealizeitwasaplasticbag.“Youcanunderstandwhyawhalethinksaplasticbagisajellyfish.It’sreallydisheartening.”Rossadded,“Ithinkithasgotworsesincelockdown.There’sageneralincreaseintheamountoflitterinthewater.Peopledon’trealizewhatanimpactitishaving.Itendtodoalotofdivingaroundthesealochs.”Oneupsettingimageshowedalobster(龙虾)withplastictiedarounditsclaws(钳子),suggestingithadbeencaughtandthrownbackintothewater.AccordingtoRoss,it’snecessarytoweighupthebenefitsofremovinglitterifithasaseacreaturelivinginit.Hesaid,“Theoceanlifedoesuselitterashabitat.Onthisoccasion,Ithoughtitwasbesttoleaveit,asitappearedthatthelobsterhadmadeititshome.Duringsomeofmyunderwaterexplorations,Ihaveseenthingslikecans,whichhavegatheredbitsandpieces.Thatiswhereitbeesamoralissue.”4.WhathasbeenRoss’smainconcernwhilediving?A.Thecoldwatertemperature. B.Thepoorvisibilityunderwater.C.Thedangeroussealifeinthearea. D.Theincreasingamountofunderwaterlitter.5.WhatdoesRossmeanbysaying“Peoplewon’tcareiftheycan’tseeit”?A.Peopleareunawareofthebeautyoftheocean.B.Peoplebelieveoceanpollutionwillresolveitselfovertime.C.Peopletendtoignoreproblemstheydon’tpersonallyexperience.D.Peoplebelievethatoceanpollutionmattersonlywhenit’svisible.6.Whydoestheauthormentionaplasticbagbeingmistakenforajellyfish?A.Toillustratehowwhalesinteractwithjellyfish.B.Toemphasizethebeautyofjellyfishintheocean.C.Tostresstheharmcausedbyplasticintheocean.D.Toshowhowseaanimalsconfuselitterwithfood.7.WhydoesRossconsidertheissueofoceanlitteramoralone?A.Becauseseacreaturesdependonlitterforsurvival.B.Becausehumanshavearesponsibilitytocleanuptheoceans.C.Becauseremovinglittercouldharmcreaturesusingitashabitat.D.Becauselitteriscausingpermanentdamagetotheoceanecosystem.COnNovember20,2004,theAmericanpsychologistDanielKahnemanpublishedapaperthatexploredwhathasetobeknownasthe“framing(框架)effect”.Thiseffectdemonstrateshowpeople’sdecisionscanbeinfluencedbythewayinformationispresentedtothem.Kahneman’sexperimentshowedthatinmanycases,thewayaquestionorproblemispresentedcansignificantlyaffectthechoicespeoplemake.Theframingeffectcapitalizesonthefactthathumanthinkingisnotalwayslogical.Peoplecanbeinfluencedbyhowchoicesarewordedratherthantheactualcontentofthechoicesthemselves.Forexample,peopletendtoavoidriskwhenapositivepresentationispresentedbutseekriskswhenanegativepresentationispresented.Iftwoequaloptionsarepresenteddifferently—oneintermsofpotentialgainsandtheotherintermsofpotentiallosses—people’spreferenceswillshiftaccordingly.Inmoretechnicalterms,theframingeffectrequiresthatpeople’schoicesbeinfluencedbyunimportantaspectsofthecontext,ratherthanthelogicalcontentoftheoptions.Ifpeoplefocusonlyonthecontent,theframingeffectwouldgetsmaller.ButanewstudyledbyTverskyandKahnemanofferedaninterestingchangeonthisclassicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhenindividualsweremadeawareoftheframingeffectandtrainedtorecognizeit,theirsusceptibilitytotheeffectdecreased.Forinstance,participantswhoweretrainedtoidentifyframingtrickswerelesslikelytobeinfluencedbydifferentpresentationsofthesameproblem.Inafollowupstudywith200universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofhowtrainingimpactedtheirdecisionmakingprocesses.Didtheybeemoreanalyticalandcarefulintheirchoices?Didtheylearntoignoreunimportantcontext?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn’tthemainresponse.Mostfrequently,thestudentsreportedthattheybecamemoredoubtfulofhowinformationwaspresented.Somehow,thisdoubtledtoamorelogicalevaluationofchoices.AlthoughthestudiesledbyTverskyandKahnemanhavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialeffectsfordecisionmakingandeducationarelarge.8.WhatisthemainpurposeofKahneman’s2004paper?A.Toexplainwhypeoplemakepoordecisions.B.Tostudyhowframingaffectsdecisionmaking.C.Toanalyzetheroleoflogicindecisionmaking.D.Toparedifferentdecisionmakingmethods.9.Howdoesthiseffectinfluencepeople’sdecisionmaking?A.Byfocusingonlogicalcontent. B.Byenhancingtheiranalyticalskills.C.Byprovidingmoreaccurateinformation. D.Bychangingthewaychoicesarepresented.10.Whatdidthefollowupstudyfocuson?ATheindividualchoices. B.Thepresentationofoptions.C.Thedecisionmakingprocess. D.Thesizeoftheparticipantgroups.11.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardTverskyandKahneman’sstudies?A.Unclear. B.Dismissive. C.Doubtful. D.Approving.DMostofusknowwhatitfeelsliketoblush(脸红).Thefacebeeswarmandred,andweexperienceselfconsciousemotions,suchasembarrassment,shyness,shame,andpride.ItisperhapsnowonderthatCharlesDarwinreferredtoitas“themostspecialandthemosthumanofallexpressions”.Butwhydoweblush,andwhatarethemechanismsbehindit?Toanswerthesequestions,researchersinvestigatedblushingbylookingattheactivatedbrainareasinanMRIscannerwhilemeasuringthecheektemperature—anindicatorofblushing.Tocauseablushingresponseinacontrolledexperimentalsetting,theparticipantsattendedthelabfortwoseparatesessions.Duringthefirstsession,theywereaskedtosingdifficultkaraokesongs,andinthesecondsession,theywatchedrecordingsoftheirownsingingwhiletheirbrainactivityandphysiologicalresponsesweremeasured.Asexpectedtheresearchersfoundthatparticipantsblushedmorewhilewatchingtheirownrecordingsinparisontootherparticipants’recordings.Therelatedbrainareasweresomewhatsurprising.Blushingwasassociatedwithincreasedactivityinthecerebellum,anareamostknownforitsroleinmovementandcoordination(协调).Theresearchersalsofoundincreasedactivationintheearlyvisualareas,suggestingthatthevideosoftheirownsingingcapturedtheblushingparticipants’attentionthemost.Surprisingly,therewasnoactivationinareastraditionallyknowntobeinvolvedinunderstandingthementalstateofoneselforothers.“Basedonthis,weconcludedthatthinkingaboutothers’thoughtsmaynotbenecessaryforblushingtooccur,”Nikolicconcludes.“Blushingmaybeapartoftheautomaticexcitementyoufeelwhenyouareexposedandthereissomethingthatisrelevanttotheself.”Blushingitselfisveryinterestingbecauseit’suniversal.However,therearesomepeoplewhodevelopaphobiaofblushing,suchasthosewithsocialanxietydisorder.Whenweunderstandthemechanismsofblushing,wecanbettertargetthebadfeelingofblushingaswell.Asidefromthat,it’sinterestingtoknowmoreaboutblushingingeneral,sinceithappensveryoftenandisamonpartofoureverydaylives.12.Whatwasthemainpurposeofthetwoseparatesessionsintheexperiment?ATomeasurefacialtemperatureduringblushing.B.Toanalyzethebrain’sresponsetoselfexposure.C.Toparebrainactivityindifferentsocialsituations.D.Tocauseblushingbycreatingembarrassingsituations.13.Whatcanbeinferredaboutblushinginparagraph3?A.Itcanenhancepersonalattention. B.Itmayconnectwithselfexposure.C.Itactivatesvisualareasinthebrain. D.Itarisesfrommindingothers’thoughts.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“phobia”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Fear. B.Interest. C.Habit. D.Anger.15.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.Socialimpactsofblushing. B.Themethodstostudyblushing.C.Thehiddentruthbehindblushing. D.Effectivewaystoavoidblushing.第二节（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。MaintainingaHealthyWeightManyfactorscanaffectyourweight,includingyourgenes,age,gender,lifestyle,familyhabits,cultureandsleep.____16____Regardless,followinganutritiouseatingpatternandexercisingregularlycanhelpkeepyourbodyashealthyaspossibleasyouage.Readontolearnwhyweightmaychangeasyougetolder.Whydoesweightchangeasweage?Asweage,metabolism—howthebodygetsenergyfromfood—canchange.Thismeansthatsomeolderadultsmustbeemoreactiveoreatfewercaloriestomaintaintheiridealweight.____17____Thiscanhappenifyouhavelessofanappetite,difficultyleavingthehousetobuyfood,painwhenchewingorswallowing.Whyshouldolderadultsmaintainahealthyweight?Maintaininganormalweightiscrucialforhealthyaging.Beingoverweightinolderadultscanleadtomorehealthproblems.Theseincludeheartdisease,highbloodpressure,stroke,anddiabetes.____18____Howarefoodexercise,andcaloriesconnected?Stayingactiveandchoosinghealthyfoodscanhelpyoumaintainagoodweight,boostenergy,andreducehealthrisks.Choosenutrientrichfoodsandaimfor150minutesofexerciseweekly.____19____Yourbodyneedsacertainnumberofcalorieseachday,dependingonyouractivitylevelandotherfactors,tomaintainyourcurrentweight.HowmuchphysicalactivitydoIneed?____20____Aimforatleast150minutesofheartpumpingactivityeachweek.Youcanbreakupthisoutoverthecourseofsevendays.Ifyoucan’treachthisgoalimmediately,beasactiveaspossible.Doingsomethingisbetterthannothing.A.Otherolderadultsmayloseweightunintentionally.B.Changeyourusualfoodsintohealthieralternatives.C.You’dbettertalkwithyourdoctorbeforeworkingout.D.Exerciseandphysicalactivityaregoodforjustabouteveryone.E.Someofthesefactorscanmakeithardtoachieveahealthyweight.F.Theenergyyougetfromthefoodsanddrinksismeasuredincalories.G.Losingweightormaintainingahealthyweightcanhelpdecreasetheserisks.第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Onasunnyautumnmorning,Emilyexploredthewoodsbehindhergrandmother’shouse.Theairwasfilledwiththesmelloffallenleavesandbirdsongs.Emilylovedvisitinghergrandmother,whosehouse____21____ontheedgeofthismagicalforest.Each____22____wasanadventure,filledwith____23____ofwoodlandcreaturesandhiddentreasures.Today,Emilywasdeterminedtofindtheoldoaktreehergrandmotheroften____24____.Thistree,accordingtohergrandmother,wastheheartoftheforestandhometocountlessstories.Asshewalkeddeeperintothewoods,thetreecoverabove____25____,castingspottyshadowsontheforestfloor.Emily’sexcitement____26____witheachstep.Afterwhatfeltlikehours,Emily____27____amassivetreewithroughrootsandatrunkso____28____thatitwouldtakethreepeopletoencircleit.Sheknew____29____thatthiswasthefamousoak.Itsbranchesstretchedoutlikewelingarms,andshefeltasenseofwonderand____30____.Emilysatdownatthebaseofthetree,feelingitsancientbarkunderherfingers.Sheclosedhereyes,lettingthepeacefulfeelingoftheforest____31____overher.Inthatmoment,shefeltconnectedtosomethingmuchlargerthanherself,atimeless____32____betweennatureandmankind.Asthesunbeganto____33____,castingagoldenlightacrossthewoods,Emilyknewshehadfoundher____34____,notingoldorjewels,butinthedeep____35____oftheforestandthestoriesitwhispered.21.A.hung B.sat C.moved D.shone22.A.lesson B.flight C.party D.visit23.A.books B.dreams C.ideas D.tales24.A.spokeof B.pointedat C.lookedfor D.thoughtabout25.A.disappeared B.opened C.thickened D.lowered26.A.grew B.lessened C.sank D.appeared27.A.planted B.spotted C.decorated D.appreciated28A.narrow B.slim C.tall D.wide29.A.eventually B.gradually C.instantly D.absolutely30.A.respect B.frustration C.responsibility D.guilty31.A.take B.wash C.get D.hand32.A.conflict B.distance C.bond D.petition33.A.rise B.set C.hide D.burn34.A.secret B.passion C.treasure D.confidence35.A.impression B.freshness C.fancy D.calm第二节（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Everyyear,theworldneedsmoreenergy.Ascountriesdevelopandpopulationsgrow,energydemandrises.Historically,coal,oilandgashavebeenprimarysources,buttheirusecauses____36____(pollute)andclimatechange.Luckily,manycountriesareswitchingfromdirtyfossilfuelstoclean,greenandrenewableenergysources.Fossilfuelslikecoalandoilreleaseharmfulgases,likecarbondioxide,whichadd____37____globalwarming.Plus,thesefuelswillrunouteventually.Once____38____sourcehasbeenusedup,anothermust____39____(find),andfindingnewsourcesbeesmoredifficultandexpensiveovertime.Withnoemissionsorwaste,renewableenergysourcescause____40____(limit)damagetotheenvironment.Theyarerenewablebecausetheycanbe____41____(natural)replacedandcanthereforebeconsumedwithouttheriskof____42____(use)themup.Canrenewablesreallybethefutureofenergy?Ourmodernworldhasbeenbuiltonfossilfuels,soitistough____43____(change)quickly.ButChinaandothersusemorerenewables.Giventheproblemsofclimatechange,thereislittledoubt____44____theywillcontinuetogrow.Newbatterytechnology,forexample,solvestheproblemofbringingelectricityfrom_____45_____(distance)sourcestocities.Alongwithourbeingmoreawareofourenergyconsumptionandwaste,acleanandgreenenergyfutureispossibleandnecessary.第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46.假定你是李华，本学期你选修了一门学校新开设的课程，请你给英国朋友James写一封邮件分享你的学习体验。内容包括：(1)课程介绍；(2)学习感受。注意：(1)写作词数应为80个左右；(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearJames,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua第二节（满分25分）47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Jenny,anelevenyearoldgirl,hadalwaysbeenshyandquiet.Sherarelyspokeupinclassandoftenfoundherselffeelinginvisible.Oneday,herteachera