2025年高考英语复习应用文写作与读后续写精讲精练应用文技巧2：词汇的选择与锤炼(原卷版)

词汇的选择与锤炼1.替换常用简单词(短语)(1)名词(短语)变换机会chance→opportunity选择choice→alternative课程course→curriculum影响effect→influence/impact后果result→consequence缺点shortcoming→drawback方法way→approach职业job→career/profession建议advice→guidance问题problem→issue老人oldpeople→theelderly/theaged/seniorcitizens青少年youngpeople→youngsters/youths/adolescents几天前afewdaysago→theotherday(2)动词(短语)变换看见see→catchsightof遇见meet→comeacross喜欢like→haveapassionfor/befondof/haveanaffectionfor引起cause→leadto/resultin/giveriseto拥有have→possess提高develop/improve→promote替代replace→substitute注意到notice→spot完成finish→accomplish面对face→befacedwith/beconfrontedwith容忍bear→tolerate/putupwith处理dealwith→copewith使某人意识到makesb.realize→raisesb.’sawarenessof决定decide→determine/makeupone’smind考虑consider→takeintoconsideration/account应该should→besupposedto理解understand→makesenseof/figureout使用use→employ/makeuseof/takeadvantageof道歉apologize→makeanapology记住remember→keepinmind发生happen→occur/comeabout想起thinkof→occurto/comeupwith感谢thank→appreciate帮助某人helpsb.→dosb.afavor节省save→setaside参观visit→payavisitto分发handout→distribute站起来standup→risetoone’sfeet由……组成bemadeupof→consistof/becomposedof习惯于beusedto→beaccustomedto一定besuretodo→beboundtodo反对beagainst→objectto厌烦beboredwith→befedupwith忙于bebusywith→beoccupiedwith/beengagedin闻名befamousfor→haveareputationfor感到舒服feelcomfortable→feelatease美化校园maketheschoolbeautiful→beautifytheschool想做某事wanttodosth.→intend/desiretodosth.照看lookafter→attendto尽力做某事tryone’sbesttodosth.→sparenoefforttodosth.向某人寻求帮助asksb.forhelp→turntosb.forhelp(3)形容词变换令人惊奇的surprising→amazing/astonishing/shocking贫穷的poor→needy/poverty-stricken优秀的excellent→outstanding明显的obvious→apparent/evident常见的common→universal充足的enough→adequate勤奋的hard-working→diligent可用的useable→available困难的difficult→challenging坚强的strong→tough重要的important→significant/vital不可能的impossible→outofthequestion有趣的;有吸引力的interesting→absorbing/striking/appealing小心谨慎的careful→cautious幸运的lucky→fortunate巨大的large→enormous合适的proper→appropriate丰富的rich→abundant古老的old→ancient唯一的only→unique全部的whole→entire富裕的rich→wealthy许多的many→alargequantity/numberof有空的free→available有益处的useful→beofbenefit高兴的glad→delighted激动的excited→thrilled坏的bad→disgusting/awful著名的famous→distinguished/well-known(4)其他词(组)变换突然suddenly→allofasudden立即immediately→inaflash有时sometimes→occasionally/onceinawhile/fromtimetotime另外;况且besides→inaddition/what’smore/moreover因此so→therefore第一;首先first→tobeginwith/startwith/firstofall第二;其次second→inaddition/what’smore最终finally→eventually/ultimately关于about→concerning也too→aswell否则or→otherwise事实上infact→asamatteroffact故意地onpurpose→bydesign/deliberately总之inaword→tosumup/inconclusion/insummary因为becauseof→onaccountof/dueto/owingto/thanksto【典型例句】①Ontheonehand,toomuchpraisemightleadtochildren’slackofenthusiasmtoexplorenewthings(缺乏探索新事物的热情),fortheyareafraidtheywon’tmeetparents’expectations(满足父母的期望).②Consideringtheenormousbenefits(考虑到巨大的益处),whichwecanearnsteadilyfromtennispractice,includingpreventingusfromgettingshort-sighted(防止我们近视)andhelpinguskeepphysicallyhealthy,wearelostinthetrainingcourse.【拓展训练】①Thespecialdayallowspeopleto___________________________________(对……表达爱和情感)theirfathers.

②___________________________________(是明智的)forpeopletousetheircellphones___________________________________(更恰当地).

③___________________________________(没有充分的准备),youcanhardlyexpecttoanswerallthequestionscorrectlyandobtainsatisfactorymarks,letalonebeadmittedinto___________________________________(梦想的大学).

④Tracysaidshehadalready___________________________________(通知苏珊)thechangeoftheappointment.

⑤PeoplegenerallythoughtitimpossiblefortheChineseteamtowinthechampionshipintheRioOlympicGames,butthey___________________________________(克服许多障碍)and___________________________________(最终创造了奇迹).

⑥DramaNight___________________________________(预定)beheldontheeveningofnextFridayinthetheatrehall.

⑦___________________________________(此外),havingbeenawardedscholarshiptwiceinourschool,Ihave___________________________________(极好的学术成就).

⑧Thisphenomenonhas___________________________________(成为焦点)wemustfacetodaybecauseof___________________________________(许多严重后果)causedbyimproperuseofcellphones.

2.变化所用词的词性在作文中,可以通过改变一个词的词性,使文章富有变化,让阅卷者感受到考生对词汇各种用法的掌握水平和灵活运用的程度。常见的变化词性的策略有名词变动词、动词变名词、形容词变名词等。(1)名词变动词Peopleareconcernedaboutthegradualdisappearanceofthetraditionalvalues.→Peopleareconcernedbecausethetraditionalvaluesaregraduallydisappearing.传统价值观正在渐渐地消亡,这让人们很担忧。(2)动词变名词Afterwatchinghisperformance,Ifoundhecouldreallydanceverywell.→Afterwatchinghisperformance,Ifoundhimareallygooddancer.看了他的表演之后,我发现他跳舞跳得很棒。(3)形容词变名词IwrotealettertoTomtothankhimforhisbeingsokind.→IwrotealettertoTomtothankhimforhiskindness.我写信给汤姆对他的善良表示感谢。3.善用短语汉语高级短语努力strugglefor=strivefor=sparenoeffortfor从事embarkon=setabout=goinfor在当代incontemporarysociety=inpresent-daysociety=inthisdayandage大量的ahostof=agreatnumberof=alargeamountof更糟糕的是what’sworse=worsestill=tomakemattersworse遇见;偶遇runinto=comeacross=meetwith在我看来inmyopinion=asfarasI’mconcerned=frommypointofview除了……之外(还有)inadditionto=apartfrom=aswellas=alongwith一方面,另一方面ontheonehand,ontheotherhand=foronething,foranother高度评价thinkhighlyof=singhighpraisefor=thinkwellof把……考虑在内oconsideration=oaccount汉语高级短语有资格的;有能力的;胜任的befitfor=beequalto=bequalifiedfor=becompetentin参加takepartin/participatein一些如何……的建议someadvice/tips/suggestionsonhowto...对……感到紧张feelnervous/anxiousabout克服紧张;缓解焦虑ease/overcome/getovernervousness/relieveanxiety树立信心;对自己有信心buildupconfidence/haveconfidenceinoneself/beconfidentaboutoneself对……有益的beofbenefit=bebeneficialto对……有害的;对……有损害的doharmto/dodamageto=beharmfulto接触到;有机会使用gain/haveaccessto=beaccessibleto对某人(不)方便的beconvenient/inconvenientforsb.=bringconvenience/inconveniencetosb.对……有影响/作用haveaneffect/influence/impacton.../makeadifferenceto...【典型例句】①Forexample,paper-cuttingandChineseknotsareallfeasiblemethodsofintroducingourculture,whicharealsomoreconvenienttoorganize(更方便组织).②ThereasonswhyIamqualifiedforthejob(我能胜任这份工作的原因)areasfollows.【拓展训练】①___________________________________(我认为),it’struethatcellphonesbringuslotsofbenefitsandconvenience,butonlywhenthey’reusedmore___________________________________(恰当地)cantheyserveusbetter.

②Allmyteachersandclassmates___________________________________(高度赞扬我的熟练)inbothChineseandEnglish.

③___________________________________(考虑到你的全部要求),IfirmlybelieveI’mtherightpersonyou’relookingfor.

④Asforaccommodation,IprefertolivewithalocalfamilybecauseIwanttoimprovemyEnglishand___________________________________(近距离体验真实的美国文化).

⑤Youareoptimisticaboutlifeandalwayshaveconfidence,whateverdifficultyyoumay___________________________________(遇见),whichhelpsyoustandoutamongtheclassmates.⑥___________________________________(随着人们生活水平的提高),cellphonesarefloodingintoourlife.

⑦Wearesorryforany___________________________________(我们给你带来的不便).Thanksforyourunderstanding.

⑧Nowadays,thesmartphoneshavefoundtheirwaytoeveryfamilyandareplayingaveryimportantroleinourlife.Theyarebeneficialtousinmanyways.However,theyalso___________________________________(有害于我们的身心健康).

⑨Inaddition,seldomdoIhavetimetokeepmyparentscompany,soIdecidetohelpmyparentswithsomehousework___________________________________(缓解他们的压力),whichIthinkisofbenefitto___________________________________(加强关系)betweenmyfamilymembers.

【语篇填空】根据所给信息补全短文,并注意高级词汇的使用。DearPeter,___________________________________(我非常高兴)tohearfromyou.Youaskedmeinyourlastletteraboutthephysicalexerciseinourschoolandthefollowinginformationmay___________________________________(给你一个概述).

Tobeginwith,___________________________________(一座很大的新体育馆已落成),which___________________________________(已成为新的地标)inourschool.Moreover,withthestadiumsetup,___________________________________(各种体育项目)areabletobeheld,ofwhichping-pong,football___________________________________(以及)runningcompetitions___________________________________(很受欢迎).Asforme,___________________________________(我热爱篮球)sinceithasbeengivingmestrength___________________________________(去迎接生活中的挑战).

Allinall,I___________________________________(诚挚地邀请)youtocometoourschoolandseeforyourself.

Yours,LiHua【综合演练】1．假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Tom在给你的邮件中说他对中国历史人物很感兴趣，请你介绍一位你喜欢并且崇拜的历史人物。请给Tom回信，内容要点包括：1.介绍人物；2.简述贡献；3.对你的影响。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。DearTom,_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua2．假定你是李华，你校英语话剧社拟举办英语话剧展演活动，请你写一篇开幕辞，内容包括：1.表示欢迎；2.活动介绍。注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Dearteachersandfellowstudents,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．假定你是某国际学校学生会主席，你校将于下周举行一场英文讲座。请你写一则英文通知，内容包括：1.讲座主题：TheWorldWildlifeDay；2.时间、地点及讲座内容。注意：1.词数为80左右；2.请按如下格式作答。Notice___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________TheStudentCouncilMarch,14．假设你是李华，请你写一篇短文向校英语社团“LearningEnglish”的微信公众号投稿，向同学们推荐一款兼顾趣味与英语学习的app。内容包括：1.介绍这款app；2.分享使用体验。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可适当增加细节，使内容充实，行文连贯。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________