2021年上海市初三中考冲刺阅读专题讲义-首字母填空 (学生版)

英语学科讲义首字母填空首字母填空知识梳理：首字母填空专项训练一、首字母填空解题技巧：1.通读短文，了解大意；2.判断句子成分；3.确定空格单词词性；4.联系上下文，找线索，推测答案；5.通读短文，检查答案。注意语法问题；二、解题技巧详解从句子成分角度分析一个句子一般由两部分构成，即主语部分和谓语部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语、同位语、补语等。对主语的判断：做主语词性主要为：名词，代词，动名词。注意名词单复数。【随堂测练1】TheI________bringsuscloserthanbefore.Doingsomer________beforethetestisnecessary.Threer________happenedyesterday.Buttodayalltherobbershavebeencaughtbythepolice.Thechildrenareallworkingintheclassroom.Someofthemarecleaningthewindowsando_______aresweepingthefloor.

此外，形容词前加the也可作主语。eg:Thericharenotalwayshappy.句中therich指“有钱人”，因此可以作主语。对谓语的判断：做谓语词性主要为：动词。注意时态的问题。【随堂测练2】Mymumalwayse________metobeabraveboywhenIwasyoung.ThiskindofnewmobilephonecostssomuchthatIcanhardlya________one.Knowingmorethanonelanguagei________yourknowledgeofothercultures.Thestudentsinourschoolalwaysc________aboutthefood.时态:一般现在时：要考虑动词的三单形式一般过去时：要考虑动词的过去式现在进行时：考虑动词的现在分词形式现在完成时：要考虑动词的过去分词的形式对宾语的判断:做宾语词性主要为：主要为名词，代词，动名词。【随堂测练3】Thedoctorsarebusyo________ontheseriouslyinjuredmanatthemoment.Ifyoufeelnervous,takeadeepb________andI'msureyou'llfeelbetter.Hehadtomakeac________betweenstudyinginShanghaiandgoingabroad.Ifyoumeetwithanyd________,youcanaskmeforhelp.对表语的判断:做表语词性主要为：形容词，名词,介词短语。如果是动词的适当形式作表语，动词必须改成todo,doing或done的形式。注意形容词比较级和最高级。【随堂测练4】Heisp________ofhisdaughter,forshealwaysgetsAgradesinallsubjects.Thesickmanisgettingw________.Maybehewilldiesoon.Suchcoldweatherisquiteu________inMayandpeoplehavetowearwarmclothesagain.Shewasa________abigprizeforherhardwork.对定语的判断:做定语词性主要为：形容词，序数词，介词短语。如果是动词的适当形式作定语，动词必须改成todo,doing或done的形式。注意形容词比较级和最高级。【随堂测练5】I’vebeenusedtothec________weatherinLondon.ThevisittoChongmingIslandwasreallyu________,itleftusasweetmemory.That’sonlymyp________opinion.Everyoneiswelcometoshareyours.TheFrenchartistsaid,“Itismyf_______timetovisitShanghai.Ilovethiscitysomuch.”对状语的判断:做状语词性主要为：副词，介词。如果是动词的适当形式作状语，动词必须改成todo,doing或done的形式。【随堂测练6】TheoldladycouldhardlybelievethatshehadgotthetravelpasstoHongKongsoe________.Sheremembereditwashard.IthoughtIwaswrong.A________,itisawisedecision.B________,youneedtomakeupastory.Canyouwriteyourownone?Asyouclimb,yourpartnerpullsyouclimbingropet________somethingcalleda

belaydevice

(绳索控制器).对连词的判断:并列连词and,but,or,so,notonly…butalso,either…or,neither…nor,aswellas,both…and等连接并列的词,词组和句子;从属连词although/though/because/if/unless/when/until/after/before/as/...等连接从句。因此，首字母中一个句子中有从句的话，就考虑从属连词。【随堂测练7】Workharder,a________you’llmakegreatprogressinEnglish.Myjobistoprotecttheinnocentaswella________findtheguilty.A________WaltDisneymademanyofhismostfamousmoviesmanyyearsago,theyareaspopularnowastheywerewhenhemadethem.Youwillfailintheexamu________youstudyharderthanbefore.其他做题思路：依据习惯用法与固定搭配进行填词：如:W________hishelp,theoldmanwassafe.Theboythankedhimverymuch.从句意我们就知道是“在他的帮助下”，withhishelp.依据语法知识进行填词：如:Thesepeopleoftenhavethinwallswhichcan’ts________thenoisefromnextdoor.根据句意我们了解道墙壁很薄，所以不能阻止隔壁的噪音。根据中考词组“stop…from”，所以填stop。依据常识的积累进行填词：如:Butitwastoolate.Hisfriendwasveryangry.Mr.Whitesaidnothingbutonlyoneword“S________.”Mr.White迟到了，他的朋友很生气，他什么都没说，只说了一个字“S

.”我们根据常识肯定是向他的朋友道歉，所以肯定填sorry.依据逻辑推理与句意理解进行填词：如：OneSundayafternoon,Mr.Whitedrovehisnewcartohisfriend’shousehappily.Hewantedtop________

hisfriendupatfiveandthenwenttoseeanewmovietogether.根据句意，Mr.White高兴地开着车去他的朋友家，然后一起去看电影，我们可以进行逻辑推理，他肯定是去接他的朋友，所以填pick.三、通关秘籍：四、典型案例分析：2018年静安区二模There’snoplacelikehomeSomepeopledreamofhavingahome‘justliketheonesindecoratingmagazines’.Thatsortofbeautifullystylishhomemayben81,butforatrulyspecialplacetolive,whynotchooseahomeunlikeanyotherintheneighbourhood?Theunique(独一无二的)housesonthesepageschallengepeopletoreconsiderwhatahomeiss82tolooklike.Environmentallyfriendlyhomesaregettingalotofa83thesedays.Earthships,forexample,areunusualhomesmadefrommaterialslikemud,strawandreusedwood.Thedesignersofearthshipscombinethesenaturalmaterialswithrecycledi84,suchasbottles,cansandoldtyres.Thesehomesshowtheirbeliefthat,whenitcomestosavingtheenvironment,‘ifyouaren’tpartofthesolution,you’repartoftheproblem.’Additionallymanyofthesehomesusewindorsolarpower.Theyaredesignedtocollectandrecyclewater,andthepeoplewholiveinthemoftenaddagreenhouseinwhichtogrowfood.Asaresult,ifyouliveinanearthship,yourmonthlylivingcostswilld85toalmostzero.Forpeoplewhowanttotryoneout,thePhoenixEarthshipintheUSisavailableasholidayaccommodation(住宿).Shippingcontainersarenowbeingreusedtomakea86typeofenvironmentallyfriendlyhome.Anumberofarchitectshavestartedchangingindividualcontainersintoholidayhomes.Alternativelytheycanbecombinedtomakeofficeblocksandblocksofflats,suchasthoseContainerCityinLondon,England.Withalloftheexamplesofimaginativehomes,itisclearthatpeoplenolongerneedtosettleforordinarylivingspaces.Onethingissure:peoplelivinginhomesthatlookass87astheseneverhavetogiveanyonetheiraddress.Theycanjustsay,‘Lookfortheweirdhouse.Youwillknowitwhenyouseeit.’强化练习：(基础篇)2018年普陀区二模C.Fillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给)(14分)Whenchildrenplaygames,theydon’tneedareferee(裁判).Theyhavetheirownrulesinplayinggames.Theyseldomfinditnecessarytokeepscoresbecausetheydon’tworryaboutwhowinsorloses.Theyevendon’tc81ifthegameisnotfinished.Yet,theylikegamesthatdependalotonluck,sothattheira82arenotsoimportant.Theyalsoenjoygamesthatmoveinstagesinwhichtheychooseleadersandpickupsides.Grown-upsr83findchildren’sgamesexciting,andtheyoftenfeelpuzzledatwhytheirkidsplaysuchsimplegamesagainandagain.However,itisfoundthatachildplaysgamesforsomeimportantr84.Hecanbeagoodplayerwithouthavingtothinkwhetherheisapopularperson,andhecanfindhimselfbeingau85partnertosomeonewhoismorepopularinreallife.Whenitishisturntobetheleader,everyonefollowshisorders.Thismakeshimfeelmorec86.Itseemsthatwhenchildrenplayagame,theyi87asituationundertheircontrol.Unlikereallife,inthissituationtheymaketherulesthemselves,andmoreimportantly,everyoneplaysaccordingtotherules.Thoserulesmaybechildish,buttheymakesurethateverychildhasachancetowin.(2)2018年虹口区二模C.Fillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给)(14分)TheriseoftheEmoji(表情符号)Happy,angry,amazed－thesearesomeoftheemotionsweliketoexpressthesedayswhenwe’resendingamessageonourmobilephones.We’realsousingthemasaquickwayoftellingsomeonehowwe’ref________(81).Yes,emojishavebecomeaveryimportanttoolforcommunication.Let’sclearonethingupfirst－thereareemojisandemoticons.Thelatterarelittleimageswhicharemadeusingnormalkeysonakeyboard.Forexample,acolon(冒号),twodots,followedbyaclosebracket(右括号)isa“smileyface”.Butastechnologyhasimproved,manyimageshavebeencreatedandtheycanbesimplya________(82)toyourmessages,whichisgreat!TheemojiwasfirstinventedinJapaninthelate1990sandtheword“emoji”comesfromtheJapanesewordsfor“picture”and“character”.Thenumberofdifferentimageshasgreatlyi________(83)sincethen.Nowwehaveapictureofeverymoodorsituation.Anothera________(84)ofemojisisthattheyareaninternationallanguage－theydon’tusewordbuttellamessageinpictorialformsotheycanbee________(85)translatedwhateveryournativelanguageis.However,theemojisyousendneedsomethoughtastheycansometimesbemisunderstood.Ifafriendsendsyouanemojiofahammer(锤),youmaythinkheisangrywhenreallyheiss________(86)hehashurt!ButasLinguistNeilCohnsays,“Tomany,emojisareanexcitingdevelopmentofthewaywecommunicate;toothers,theyarelinguisticdecline(语言的衰退).”Itshowsthereisalotmoretoourcommunicationthanwordsa________(87),butdoesthismeanthedeclineintraditionalwriting?(3)2018年长宁区二模C.Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给)(14分)IrelyalotonmyphonetohelpmewhenIstudyinAmerica.HerearesomeofthemostusefulappsIhaveusedbutneverpaidfor!CalendarAllphonescomewithaninbuiltcalendarapp.I’vefoundmyselfusingtheappquitealotrecently.Itisimportanttoknowyourdatewhenp81aweekendaway.ItisalsocomfortingtochecktheappwhenI’mfeelinghomesick–ithelpstoremindmethatIwillbehomesoon,soIshouldmakethemostofmytimea82.GoogleTranslateIt’sthatmomentwhenthewordisonthetipofyourtongue,butyoujustcan’tr83it!Don’tworry;GoogleTranslatecanlendyouahand!Justmakesureyoudouble-checkifyouaretranslatinglongertexts,asthesoftwaredoesmakesomeveryhumorousm84!GmailPersonally,IreallyliketheGmailappbecauseitautomaticallyputsemails,basedondifferentitems,intodifferentcategories.Theimportantmailgoesstraighttomyinbox(信箱),whilel85importantmailisputintoothercategories.HeadspaceAfteranexhaustingdayofwork,Ineededawaytohelpcalmandfocusmymind.ThisishowIfoundHeadspace.Signupforfreetotrysomeeasymeditations(冥想)–theyonlytaketenminutes.I’vefoundthemagreatwaytorelaxa86astressfulday.TripAdvisorWhenexploringanewtown,it’sgoodtoknowthebestplacestoeatandthemostinterestingattractionstosee.IalwaysturntoTripAdvisorforinformation.Here,youcanfindhotels,restaurantsandattractionswhicharel87togetherwithothervisitors’ratings(等级)andcomments.Itmakesitaloteasiertochooseagoodhotel.(4)2018年黄浦区二模C.Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）:（14分）Gradesareimportant,buttheyarenottheonlymeasure.Ihavecometounderstandthatexamgradesarenottheonlypurposeofschools,andgradesa81arenotenough.Studiesshowthatsomeofthehigh-flyingstudentshavetroubledlives,findingitdifficulttogetgoodjobsorbecomegreatparentsorpartners.A82graduation,studentscometorealizewhattheyhavelearnedatschoolhasnotreallypreparedthemforthenextstep.Increasingly,teachersaregettingtoknowtheideaof“learningfromourfailures.”Ifyou’veneverfailedatanything,you’vecertainlynevert83anythingnew.Examgradesareimportantandweencourageallstudentstoaimhighandtodowell.Buttheydon’tm84success.IonceaskedmystudentstoconsiderthechefGordonRamsay,andhowhebecamesosuccessful.Theyweresurprisedtofindthathedidn’thaveagoodperformanceatschoolandhedidn’ts85becomeagreatchef.Inaninterview,heexplainedthatheworkedlonghoursforverylittlemoney,learningeverythinghecould.Hetookchanceseveniftheyseemedi86.Hemademistakesbuthecheeredhimselfupandmovedforward.Hissuccessdidn’tcomefromgrades,itcamefromhischaracter:courage,effortandconfidence.Weshoulddevelopsocialskillsthroughthewholeschoolasanimportantp87oflearning.Thisiswhythereisafocusonperformance,sportandotheractivities.Theselifeskillswillworkhand-in-handwithknowledgetoenablestudentstodowellintheirfuturelife.小结：课后作业：(提高篇)2020杨浦一模C.Fillintheblankswithproperwords（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）ArareexperienceImaginethesituation.You’rewalkingdownthecrowdedhighstreetands___56___acompletestrangerstopsyouandsays,“Hi!YouwereonthebeachinthesouthofSpainsixyearsago.Howareyoudoing?”Thisstrangerisn’tnecessarilym___57___.Heorshemightbea“super-recogniser”.Thesearepeoplewhohavetheunusualabilitytorecognisepeopletheyhaveseenonlyonce--alongtimeago,maybeinacrowed.WhateverthedifferencesinlooksItdoesn’tmatterwhatthepersonlookslikenow.Peoplechange,getdifferenthairstyles,dyetheirhairorgogrey.Wrinkles,newglassesandmakeupsgivethemnewa___58___,butthe“super-recognisers”canstillrecognisethem.AninbornskillAlthoughscientistshaveknownforalongtimethatabout2%ofpeoplesufferfromface-blindness,whichmeansthattheyhavehugeproblemsrecognisingfaces,theyareonlynewrealisingthatsomepeoplearetheexacto___59___.Testshaveshownthata“super-recogniser”canidentifypeoplethattheyonlysawforabriefmoment--andthisisnotanabilitythatwecand____60____,it’ssomethingwearebornwith.Agreath___61___Thepolicearestartingtouse“super-recognisers”tospotcriminalfacesinvideosofcrowds.Theylookforpeoplewithaspecificbuildandfacialfeatureslikebeardsandmoustachesbuttheycanevenrecognisequiteo___62___people,withnonoticeablefeaturesatall.AswellassurprisingourholidaymakerinSpainsixyearslater,thisabilitycanbeusedforaverypracticalpurposeindeed.2020闵行一模Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）Idon’tbelieveit!It’s11p.m.andI’mstillsittingherewritingthisarticlefortheschoolmagazine!I’vehadtwoweekstowriteitandmyteacherwantsittomorrow.She’salwaysc____56____thatIleavethingstothelastminute.Maybeshe’sright.Amonthago,Imadeupmymindtobemoreefficientthisyearandnottoleavethingtothelastminute.ButI’vefailed.I’vealsobeentryingtogetfitterforfourweeksnow.I’vestartedgoingtothegym.I’vetakenupkaratelessonsandI’vechangedmydiet.I’veevenbeengoingtobedearlier.ButI’mnotfeelinganyfitter.Ifeltjustalittleu____57____.Imissmybadhabits.Whyisleadingabetterlifesohard?I’vejustreadanarticleonawebsiteandI’vefoundoutthatitisn’tmyfault!Infact,itisn’tanyone’sfault!It’sourbrains.They’reprogrammed,therefore,itisdifficulttobreakbadhabits.There’snothingwecando.Scientistshavedoneexperimentsthatshowweuseonepartofourbrainwhenwethinkabouto____58____andanotherwhenwethinkaboutotherpeople.However,whenwethinkaboutthe‘futureus’,weusethepartofthebrainthatweusuallyusetothinkaboutotherpeople.Inotherwords,thebrainseesthe‘futureyou’asadifferentpersontoyour‘presentyou’.Andthat’swhywedon’talwaysfinditeasytomakesensibled____59____inthefuturewhenwefacedifficulties.Butthat’snotall.Scientistshavealsofoundoutthatittakesaroundtenweekstoformagoodhabit.Forexample,ifIwanttokeepfit,it’sgoingtotakemetenweekstogotothegymandthenitwillbecomeanautomaticpartofmylife.That’sbecausetenweeksistheamountoftimethebrainneedstochangeanda____60____newwaysofbehaviorasapartofeverydaylife.Thegoodnewsisthatonceyoumakeittotenweeks,everythingbecomesmucheasier.Thebadnewsisthattenweeksisareallylongtime,soit’seasytogiveupon（打消）yourgoodplans_____61_____Sothereyouare.Maybewewanttochangeourwaysandbecomebetterpeoplebutourbrainswon’tletus.oristhisjustane____62____?Look!I’vefinishedmyarticleontime.Anythingispossible!2020徐汇一模Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给):Ifyouhaveeverhadtroubledoingthingsyoushoulddoorwouldliketodo,youhaveexperiencedpr