2021年上海市初三中考冲刺阅读讲义首字母之不定代词(教师版)

英语学科讲义中考冲刺：首字母之不定代词中考冲刺：首字母之不定代词一、课前检测：Ididn’tthinkIhadapassion(激情).IwouldsitinfrontoftheTVallday,thinkingaboutnothingbutthenextshow.ItwasnotlongagothatIfirstlearnedhowimportanthavingapassionistolife.OnthatdayIwentwithmymumtodrivemysistertothegym.Iwasbored.Then,asmymumstoppedataredlight,sonthesideoftheroadcaughtmyeye.Itwasamandressedinrags(衣衫褴褛).Hewashomeless.Thatdidn’tinterestme,forIhadseenmanylikehimb.

Butinsomewayshewasd.Thismanwasnotsittingdownwithasadexpression.Hehadaradioinhishandandwasdancinghtothemusic.Theradioseemedtobethemostprecious(珍贵)thinghehad.

“Mum,whydoesthatmanhavearadioeventhoughthe’shomeless?”Iasked.

“Heboughtit,”shereplied.

“Butifhe’shomeless,whydoesn’theusethemoneytobuyfoodorclothes?Hewitonsomethinghedoesn’tneed.”

“Well,Sarah,sometimesfoodandclothesaren’tthemostimportantthings.Weneedhappiness,too.”

Thatmanmustcenoughmusictobuyaradioinsteadoffoodorclothes.Isoonrealizedthathappinessisthektolife.Withoutit,there’snothingtolookforwardto.Apassiongivesapersonthehappinesstheyneedtokeepgoing.

81.someone/somebody82.before83.different84.happily85.wasted86.care87.key【解析】：此篇阅读首字母题材为中考常见小品文，此类阅读要求学生不仅要理解文章中的小故事而且要抓住文章的中心思想，即寓于故事当中的人生道理。81题：考查不定代词someone/somebody做主语，本题难度不大，注意到后文Itwasamandressedinrags(衣衫褴褛)即可填出，但有不少学生由于不定代词不够熟悉而导致失分。82题：考查句意理解，注意到句子当中for引导原因状语从句，意思是因为我之前见过很多像他一样的人即可填出。83题：考查形容词different做表语。此空需要结合上下文信息，上文已提到他caughtmyeye，而且后文也一直在写这个人无家可归却把钱花在买收音机上，由此可知他与众不同，及different.84题：考查副词happily作状语修饰dance这个动作。由后文可知这个人很喜欢音乐，且故事的中心是关于快乐的真谛，所以判断是跟着音乐一起快乐起舞。85题：考查动词waste做谓语动词，由上下文可知，故事中的主人公虽然无家可归但是却花钱买了收音机，这一行为在作者看来是把钱浪费在不必要的东西上，所以想到waste并不难，但由于这个句子的上下文都用的一般现在时而此空因为收音机已经买了，应该填过去时，即wasted.学生容易忽略时态变化。86题：此题考查动词care做谓语动词，表示在意。根据故事可知，故事主人公在缺衣少食的情况下把钱花在了收音机上，说明他比起衣服食物更在意或更喜欢音乐。87题：此题考查名词key做表语，表示生活的真谛。根据故事的情节及后面的介词to提醒，可以填出key.二、专题精讲一、不定代词解密不定代词：即不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。常用不定代词有：some（something，somebody，someone）any（anything，anybody，anyone）no（nothing，nobody，noone）every（everything，everybody，everyone，）all，each，both，much，many，（a）little，（a）fewother（s），another，none，one，either，neither不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词，在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。1．作主语Bothofthemareteachers．他们两人都是教师。2．作宾语Iknownothingaboutthisperson．我对这个人一无所知。3．作表语Allyouhaveisnothing．你所拥有的什么都不是。4．作定语Thereisalittlewaterintheglass．玻璃杯里有一些水。5．作状语Ican'tfindmybookanywhere．我在任何地方都不能找到我的书。如何判断空格里的单词是不定代词呢？如何判断空格里的单词是不定代词呢？由于不定代词可以在句子中做很多成分，所以不定代词不像动词、形容词等有较为规律的位置出现。但是这并不妨碍我们做好首字母填空，因为不定代词是可以直接按照上下语境，语句意思来判断的，省略了判断词性这一步。其实是比其他词性更简单好填些。我们在历年中考真题中来仔细看看不定代词是不是比较容易来判断。二、解题技巧首字母阅读高频词汇梳理—代词首字母阅读高频词汇梳理—代词anyoneanythingeithernothingoneshimselfherselfhersOurselvesothersminemyselfnothingnobodysomethingselfThese/Theythemyourself历年上海中考英语首字母填空动不定代词出现情况Eightoutoftenteenagerssaidtheymetfriendsonceaweek.NineoutoftensaidtheycontactedfriendsthroughtheInternet.A86popularwayofcontactingfriendswasthetelephone.Everyonewesurveyedsaidtheyspoketofriendseveryday.Mostsaidtheyspokeabouttwentyminutesaday.【讲解】通过句子成分分析，此处填入形容词比较合适，根据前句中的contactedfriendsthroughtheInternet和本句contactingfriendswasthetelephone的对比得知填入的“另一，再一”所以another比较合适。EventhoughHolmeshasknowledgeaboutmanysubjects,suchaschemistry,botany(植物学)andanatomy,hestillneedsDrWatson’shelptofightwithhim.Weshouldalsohaves__86___tohelpyou,especiallyifyoudon’tknowasmuchasHolmes.【讲解】此段都说的是要有一个助手来帮助自己，那么助手也可以说是“某个人”，所以someone合适。WhenIwasatuniversity,Istudiedveryhard.Butalotofmyfriendsdidveryl81work.Somejustdidenoughtopasstheexam.Othersdidn’tdoquiteenough.FredBraineswassuchastudent.HespentmoretimedrinkingintheTeaHousethanworkinginthelibrary.【讲解】根据前后文对比，but一词表达出前后文意思是相反的，“作者学习努力，而他的同学学得很少”，所以答案是little，比较简单。Week1Thisweek,myfamilytriedtosaveelectricity.Weneverleftthelightsonwhenleavingtherooms.WeswitchedofftheTVwhenn92waswatchingit.不定代词nobody【讲解】缺乏主语，一般就是名词就是代词，再看词义，Weneverleftthelightsonwhenleavingtherooms这句话跟92空所在的这一句话岂不是一个意思?一个说是人不在家时，电脑关掉，后面再举一个例子，就是电视也要关掉，当____在看的时候。Don’tspendlongerthanthirtyminutestryingtofallasleep.Ifyoucan’tgettosleepafterhalfanhour,getupanddos97quiet,likereading.Onlygobacktobedwhenyoufeeltired.不定代词something【讲解】此题凭语感可能更好做一点。但若是学生没有语感，那只能按照套路去分析一下。此题直接判断词义。让学生注意关键词like，like意味着后面是举例子，举例子是为了干嘛？不就是为了阐释前面的意思吗？所以reading是quiet的，但是reading只是举的一个例子，还有很多跟reading类似的quiet的事情呢，所以那些事情可以用something来指代。A__95__goodreasonforreadingbooksisthatitisuseful.不定代词Another【讲解】这个空还是很好判断的，因为前面说了一个reason，再说另一个时，只能用another这个不定代词了。让学生熟悉这些代词。★不定代词基础训练试题:1．Allofuswereinvited,butn____ofuscame.2．TheweatherinShanghaiisdifferentfromt____inBaotou.3．Thebottleisempty.Thereisn____init.4．Today,toomanytreesarestillbeingcutdowns________intheworld.5．Thesesweatersaretoosmallforme.Pleaseshowmea____one.6．“Whichofthetwodictionariesdoyoulikebetter?”“Ilike____,becausethey'renotuseful.”7．Theywereallverytired,but____ofthemwouldstoptotakearest.8．____ofthemhasadictionaryand____oneofthemcanlookupwordsinthedictionary.9．Myfatherisverybusywithhiswork.Hehas____timetodothehousework.答案：none;that;nothing;somewhere;another;neither;none;Each;every;Little课堂练习：【例1】（上海阅读C篇）限时8分钟TheLondonOlympicGamesareontheway.YoumayhaveanicetripinLondonwiththehelpofthefollowinginformation.GettingaroundinLondonByundergroundTheundergroundisfastandconvenient.Thereisastationeveryfewblocks.Undergroundtrainsrunfrom5:30a.m.to12:00midnight.Youcangettoanyplacee_____86_____.

BybusTravellingbybusisagoodwaytoseethecity,especiallyfromthetopofadouble-deckerbus.Thereisalwaysabusstopnearby.Therearespecialticketsforc_____87_____undertheageof12.BytrainTakeatraintovisitplacesoutsideLondon,likeHamptonCourtandWindsorCastle.YoucanuseaTravelcardontheunderground,busesandmosttrains.Top_____88_____yourjourney,getamapfromtherailwaystations,takesometimetothinkabouttheplacesyouwanttovisit.

BytaxiLondon’sblacktaxisaref_____89_____.ManyvisitorstoLondonknowtheyaregoodandcomfortable.Theywillcostyouafewpounds,though.Takeataxionce,fortheexperience.Byb_____90_____The“riverbus”leavesfromWestminsterPierandstopsatdifferentplacesbetweenWestminsterandGreenwichPier.AgoodwaytoseethecityfromtheRiverThames.BycarDon’tdriveyourcarinLondon!Carparksareverye_____91_____.Youhavetopayaspecialcongestioncharge(拥堵费)todriveyourcarintothecitycentre.BybikeTherearen’tmanygoodbicyclelanesinLondon.Cyclingwithalargeguidedgroupisbetterthanr_____92_____alone.OnfootThebestwaytovisitthecity!Butlookrightandleftbeforeyoucrossastreet.Therearemanybeautifulsightswaitingforyou.【参考答案】easily、children、plan/prepare、famous、expensive、riding【例题解析】本篇文章是以伦敦奥运会为背景，介绍了在伦敦旅行的出行方式。整篇文章难度中等，着重考查基本的阅读理解能力以及词汇运用的能力。86题，根据句子结构，可以判断出是副词。整段描述的是地铁非常方便快捷，所以可以很容易的去任何地方。87题，通过后文的“在12岁以下”这样一个定语，可以判断此类特殊票是为孩子设计的。88题，首先要理解todo的其中一个含义为表达目的，即“为了做......”,然后根据后文的提示：从火车站取得地图；思考你想去的地方，可以判断出做这些事情的目的是为了计划旅行。89题，很多学生容易填写free，出现这样的错误的原因是没有联系后文就直接进行判断。后面已经提到伦敦的出租会花费旅客几个英镑。因此不可能是free。本题填写的应该是famous，因为后文写到很多去伦敦的游客都知道伦敦的出租车是很舒服的。可见伦敦的出租车非常有名。90题，根据文章中的“riverbus”可以判断出整段在介绍的出行方式是船。因此填写boat。91题，本段采用的是总分的结构，首先作者建议游客不要在伦敦开车。然后给出两个原因。后面一个原因是如果开车进市中心，需要额外支付拥堵费。而第一个原因，可以推断出停车费用是很昂贵的。因此填写expensive。92题，是一个比较级的结构，比较的成份应该是随团骑车与独自骑车。因此填写的是riding。很多学生只写了ride，没有注意的正确的填写形式。因此，在填写单词时，一定要联系上下文，填写单词在文本中的正确形式。【例2】（上海阅读C篇）限时8分钟Atsometimeinyourlife,youmighthavearoommate.Itisagoodideatoshareaflat,especiallyforstudentsorpeoplewhohavejustfinishedschool,becauseflatsareusuallyexpensive.Andm_____86_____isnottheonlyreasonforhavingaroommate.Sharingaflatcanbefun.Butlifewitharoommatecanalsobeat_____87_____experience.Someexperts(专家)didastudyofcollegestudentswhosharedaroom.Theyfoundthatstudentswhohadproblemswiththeirroommateswerenothappyatschoolandweremorelikelytogetsickthanotherstudents.So,howcanyoul_____88_____witharoommateandenjoyit?Hereissomeadvice:Beingroommateswithafriendcanbehard.Friendsmaybedifferentwhenyoustaywiththemallthetimefromwhenyoudon'tseethemveryo_____89_____.So,beforeyouplantosharearoomwithafriend,discussthesituationcarefully.Ifyoudecidetosharearoomwithsomeoneyoudon'tknow,talktoeachother.It'simportanttobeh_____90_____aboutyourhabitsandthingsyouhate.Whenyoumoveinwitharoommate,makerules.Decidehowyouwillshareh_____91_____,suchascleaning,washingandshopping.Willyousharefood?IsitOKtohaveguests?Andwhataboutloudmusic?Don'tgetangryatsmallthingsthatyourroommatedoes.Trytof_____92_____theunhappythingsbetweenyouandyourroommate.Noone-includingyou-isperfect.【参考答案】money、terrible、live、often、honest、housework、forget【例题解析】本文的主要内容是关于如何与室友和睦相处。文章比较贴近学生，并且所填词也是学生平时常见的，因此难度不大。86题，是一道很典型的联系上下文得出答案的题目。在86题之前，文章写的是公寓往往很贵。86题的句子表达的意思是：______不是唯一合住的原因。后文写的是合住也可以很快乐。因此很显然填的是money。87题，一开始有一个非常关键的连词“but”，因此可以得出与上文的“fun”是相对的。另外，从所填词的位置来看是在句首，因此需要理解后文的内容，再进行判断。后文中几个关键的词“problems”、“unhappy”、“getsick”可以得出合住也可能是一种糟糕的经历。所以填写terrible。88题，后文写到“Hereissomeadvice”可见下文都是围绕88题所在的句子给出的建议。因此，不妨先看后文。后文中“sharearoom”、“moveinwitharoommate”等短语可以告诉我们这里应该填写的是live，与室友在一起生活。89题，关键短语是bedifferentfrom（与......不同），文章前面说的是whenyoustaywiththemallthetime,（当你总是和他们在一起）与后文的whenyoudon’tseethemvery________进行对比，因此填写的是often，表示当你不经常见到他们。90题，本段一开始设定的情境是你和一个不认识的人合住，因此要交流。对于你的习惯和讨厌的东西要坦诚，因此写的是honest。91题，后文出现了提示词“suchas”，所以可以判断出是housework。92题，此段开首句写的是不要因为室友做的小事而生气，因此后文应该忘记发生在你们之间的不愉快的事情。所以填写的是forget。文章难度中等，考查的是学生对于上下文的理解，以及逻辑判断的能力。因此在考试时，要加强通过上下文的分析，进行填词。【例3】（上海年阅读C篇）限时8分钟AschoolnewspaperTheTeensaskedoveronethousandteenagershowtheyspenttheirsparetime.Heretheyreportther_____81_____ofthesurvey.It’snotatallsurprisingtolearnthatmostteenssaidtheywantedmorefreetime.Mosthavelessthananhouradayforafter-schoolactivities.P_____82_____activitywaspopularamongbothgirlsandboys,averagingbetweenthreetosixhoursaweek.Favouritesportsamonggirlsweretennis,basketballandswimming.Boyssaidtheylikedfootball,basketballandskating.Speakingofentertainment,musicandTVwerepopular.Abouthalfofthosesurveyedsaidthatmusicwastheirfavouriteactivity.Thisi_____83_____bothlisteningtoandplayingmusic.TVwasalsoverypopular.ThreequarterssaidtheypreferredwatchingTVtoreadingabookormagazine.Unexpectedly,asmanyasthreeoutoftenteenagersmentionedthatcollectingthingswassomethingtheylikedtodointheirsparetime.Theyhadv_____84_____collectionsfromcartoonbooksandbaseballcardstostickers,toysandcoins.V_____85_____friendswasalsopopular.Eightoutoftenteenagerssaidtheymetfriendsonceaweek.NineoutoftensaidtheycontactedfriendsthroughtheInternetA_____86_____popularwayofcontactingfriendswasthetelephone.Everyonewesurveyedsaidtheyspoketofriendseveryday.Mostsaidtheyspokeabouttwentyminutesaday.Surprisingly,teenagerss_____87_____wentdancing,especiallygirls.Onlyoneoutoftensaidtheywenttothedanceregularly.【参考答案】result(s)、Physical、included、various、Visiting、Another、seldom【例题解析】本文是关于青年学生如何度过他们空闲时间的调查报告。本文的话题，仍然是围绕青少年的生活，因此比较容易被学生所理解。但是相比起前两年，所填词的拼写以及词义更为复杂，因此难度略微增加。81题，对于有些学生来说，句子中survey这个词并不是很熟悉。survey解释为调查，而后文是围绕此调查的结果进行展开的。因此，这里填写result或者results皆可。82题，通过后文写到女生喜欢网球、篮球和游泳，男生喜欢足球、篮球和溜冰，可以推测出这里应该填写与运动相关的活动。很多学生没有填出该词，是因为他们对physical解释为“身体的”这一含义并不了解。因此，在平时的学习中，对于一词多义的现象要格外注意。83题，解答此题时，仍旧应该先理解“this”的指代含义。根据前文，可以得知“this”指代的是关于音乐的活动。而后文听音乐和玩音乐其实都是属于这一类活动的，因此填写“include”。同时，在填写的时候，应该注意动词的时态，前后文都是一般过去时，因此这里填写included.84题，此句的含义是他们有收藏的兴趣，收藏的范围从卡通书，甚至到硬币，可见其收藏的范围很广，因此various（各种各样的）能够表达这一含义。85题，此句放在句首，因此需要先读后文。后文中出现了关键短语“metfriends”、“contactfriends”因此可以推测出这里是拜访朋友的含义。当然，动词放在句首作主语，要注意添加“ing”。86题，根据前文写到联系朋友的方式是通过网络，而这里写到通过电话的方式与朋友沟通，因此是另一种沟通的方式，填写another较为合适。87题，首先要理解oneoutoften的含义是十分之一，然后联系后文，得知只有十分之一的青少年会定期跳舞，说明他们跳舞的频率并不高，因此填写“seldom”。练习1（徐汇一模C篇）Mostpeopleknowthatintelligencequotient(IQ)isimportant,butEQisprobablymoreimportantindailylife.Whenfacinganexam,EQhelpsustomanageourfeelings.Whengettingalongwithfriendsorparents,EQhelpsustoc_____81_____well.EQisshapedpartlybygenetics（基因）.Youcanseesomebabiesarequiet,whileothersarenot.B_____82_____,EQissomethingyoucanlearnforyourself.Youcanlearnwhatdifferentfeelingsmightmeanandhowtheyrelatetoyourselfandothers.Ifwelearnintherightway,ourEQcangetbetteraswegetolder.ChildrenwithahighEQusuallyhavegreatersuccesswithmakingfriends.HavingahighEQneedsafewdifferentskills.Learningabouttheseskillscanhelpustoi_____83_____ourEQ.Butwhatarethey?Let’stakealook!1.KnowyourselfMostpeoplefeelmanydifferentfeelingst_____84_____theday.Somefeelingslikesurpriselastjustafewseconds.Others,likehappinessandsadness,maystayaroundmuchl_____85_____.BeingabletorecognizetheseeverydayfeelingsisthemostbasicofallEQskills.2.ManageyourselfWeallgetangry.Weallhavedisappointments.Butweneedtocontrolit.Itisnotalwaystherighttimeorplacetoexpressourfeelings.Whenyouareangrywithsomeone,takeadeepbreathands_____86_____countto10.Thisway,youcancalmdown.3.EncourageyourselfWhenyoufailanexam,youmaybedisappointed.Butthereissomethingmoreeffectiveyoucando—learntoencourageyourself.Itgivesyoutheenergyandc_____87_____tomoveon.Ithelpsyoutobuildastrongheart.【参考答案】communicate、Besides、improve、throughout/through、longer、slowly/silently/simply、confidence/courage练习3（浦东新区一模C篇）Youknowthateatingasensibledietandgettingplentyofexercisehelpmakeyourbodyhealthyandstrong.Butdoyouknowthattherearewaystomakeyourbrainhealthierandsmarter?Herearesevenstepstowardasmarterbrain.LimityourTVviewingNeverspendtoomuchtimeonTVviewing,foritn_____81_____verylittlebrainactivities.Yourbrainwillbecomeweakjustasyourmusclesdo.IfyoudowatchTV,choosesomethingeducationalandmeaningful.TravelTravellingtoa_____82_____countryforcesyoutoseeanddothingsinafreshway,bringingstimulationtothebrain.LearnanewalanguageLearninganewlanguageinvolvesdifferentlearningmethods.Learningalanguagesharpensyourbrainsandhelpspreventmemoryp_____83_____thatyoumaymeetinlateryears.ReadoftenAsyouread,takethetimetolookuppeopleorplacesthataren’tfamiliar.Readingmakesyourvocabularymuchl_____84_____ifyoualwayssearchforwordsanddefinitionsthatyoudon’tknow.Eachweek,chooseananimal,abirdorafish,andreadeverythingyoucanaboutit.Stretchyourbrainasyoubecomeanexpertonthesubject.Calculatew_____85_____youshopAsyouputthingsinyourgrocerycart,totaleverythinginyourhead.Seehowcloseyougettotheactualtotal.Useyournon-dominant（不占优势的）handIfyouareright-handed,useyourlefthandforeverydayactivities,oruseyourrighthandifyouareleft-handed.Doingfamiliarthingsinadifferentwaywillmakeyourbrainc_____86_____newneuralnetworks.Wechat（微信）！Readmessagesfrompeoplewhohavedifferentinterests.Andsomesaythatlearningtoexpressy_____87_____injust100wordsisagreatbrainchallenge.Haveatryanddotheseeveryday.Littlebylittleyoucangetintothehabitofchallengingyourbrain,andmakeyourbrainsmarter!【参考答案】needs、another、problems、larger、when/while、create/cause、yourself/yourselves小结本篇文章向我们介绍了如何锻炼我们的大脑。本文难度适中，句子结构并不复杂。上下文之间的逻辑关系比较紧密。但是所填词的难度在于学生不能轻易的填出所需的适当形式。例如，81题，所填词为needs。在这里需要判断出need是一个实意动词，并不是情态动词，因此它有时态变化。而主语是“it”，因此需要加“s”。83题，所填词为problems。很多学生容易写成单数，没有注意到problem是可数名词，前面没有冠词“a”，因此需要添加“s”。84题，是很多学生容易失分的题目。首先，很多学生不理解vocabulary的含义。另外，在这里的搭配是makesthadj.，解释为使......怎么样，因此填写的是形容词，而前面有much，因此填写比较级。练习4（闸北一模C篇）ThestorybehindtheshoppingcartCharactersSylvanGoldman---ownerofagroceryshopFredYoung—Sylvan’sfriend,amechanic(机械师)Onenightin1936,inanAmericancity.InsideFred’sworkshop.SylvansitsnexttoFred,whoismakingadjustments（调试）totheirnewi_____81_____—ashoppingcart.Sylvan:Mycustomersdon’tlikeourshoppingcart.Fred:Really?Sotheyp_____82_____shoppingwiththoseheavybaskets?Sylvan:(nods)I’vegotahugecrowdofcustomerseveryday,b_____83_____noneofthemwantstousethecart.Fred:Idon’tunderstand.Weinvitedthecartsopeopledon’tneedtocarryabasketaroundtheshop.Sylvan:(laughs)Andsothattheywillbuymoregroceries!Fred:Sowhydon’ttheyliketheshoppingcart?Sylvan:Youngmenthinkthatpushingacartaroundmakesthemlookw_____84_____andslow,andyoungwomenthinkit’sunfashionable.Fred:Ofcourseitisn’tfashionablerightnow.It’sonlyjustbeeninvented!ButI’msureolderpeoplewillappreciateit.Sylvan:Um...Fred:What?Theydon’tlikethecarte_____85_____？Sylvan:Well,theythinkpushingitmakesthemlookhelpless!Fred:Oh,no.Weneedtodosomething,Fred.Wecan’tjustg_____86_____uponthisinvention!Sylvan:Wewon’t.(Hegetsupandwalksaroundtheroom.Suddenly,hestops)Aha!I’vegotanidea.Fred:Whatisit?Sylvan:I’llhire(雇佣)somegood-lookingguysandgirlstopushthecartsaroundandpretendtheyareshopping.Fred:Oh!Sotherealshopperswillseetheseattractivepeopleusingthecartsandthink,‘Hey,ifit’sgoodenoughforthem,it’sgoodenoughforme!’Sylvan:E_____87_____.Fred:Hey!Maybeyoucouldgetoneofthegirlstogreetyourcustomersandencouragethemtousethecart.Sylvan:Greatidea!【参考答案】invention、prefer、but、weak、either、give、Exactly小结本文的题材比较新颖。是一个店主和机械师关于如何推广和鼓励消费者使用手推车的对话。文章的难点在于文章的逻辑并不像议论文那么紧密，需要在理解对话的基础上，进行判断。学生容易错的是81题，很多学生写的是idea。错误在于没有联系上下文的搭配。破折号后面是购物车，因此这里调试的应该是一个实物。所以填invention更合适。此外，87题是很多学生头痛的一个词。因为这个词考查了在语境中的使用。exactly本义为确切地。而在英语对话中，往往可以一个词来表达同意前面一个人所说的内容，解释为确实如此。在平时的英语学习过程中，应当加强词汇在语境中的运用。注重中文与英文在表达上的不同。课后作业：奉贤区Inone’slife,onespendsthemosttimebeingwithoneself.Butonehastheleastunderstandingofoneself.Whenyouaresuccessful,youmaybeveryproud.Whenyou80,youmayloseheart.Ifyoudon’tgetathoroughunderstandingofyourself（彻底自我），youmaymissmanychancesinlife.Togetathoroughunderstandingofyourselfistoknowwellaboutyourself.Youmayrealizeyourstrongpointsandweakones.Youmayhopeforawonderfulfuture,butbesurenottoexpecttoomuchbecauseyoumaynotrealizeallofyourdreams.Youmaybeconfidentenoughtomeetchallenges,butfirstyoushouldknow81.Togetathoroughunderstandingofyourselfneedsself-appreciation（自我欣赏）.Maybeyouthinkyouareatalltreeorjustsmallgrass,butyoucanalwayshaveyourownwayofbeingthere.82yougetfullconfidenceinyourself,youaresuretofaceanytrouble.Togetathoroughunderstandingofyourselfalsomeansto83yourself.Whenyouareangry,findaquietplacesothatyouwon’tbehurt.Whenyouare84,tellyourfriendsaboutittochangethemood(心情)intoagoodone.Whenyouaretired,getagoodsleep.Ifyoudon’tknowwhenandhowyoushouldlookafteryourself,youwon’tbeabletostayawayfromillness.85cantellwhatwillhappeninthefuture.Getathoroughunderstandingofyourself,andyouwillgetafullcontrolofyourselfandfindyourlifefullofcolor.80.A.winB.failC.knowD.beat81.A.wheretodoB.howtodoC.whattodoD.whytodo82.A.SinceB.WhenC.UntilD.Although83.A.takecareofB.bekindtoC.bepleasedwithD.dependon84.A.happyB.comfortableC.pleasedD.sad85.A.NooneB.EveryoneC.SomeoneD.Anyone虹口区Whatwasnapkinetiquette(礼仪)?Etiquette___80__rulesthatsocietyhassetupforpeopletofollowsothattheycandothingsintheproperway.Napkin(餐巾)etiquettehasdevelopedovertime.Accordingtoproperetiquettetoday,oneshouldputone’snapkinonone’slap(膝盖)assoonaseveryoneisseatedatthetable.Whenoneexcusesoneselfandleavesthetableforafewminutes,oneshould__81__one’snapkintotherightofone’splate.Whatwasnapkinetiquettelikebeforeitdevelopedintowhatitistoday?InancientEgyptian,Greek,andRomantimes,theetiquettewasquitedifferent.Napkinsweremuch__82__.Often,theywereaslargeasbathtowels.Banquets(宴会)usuallylastedforhours,andpeopleatewiththeirhands,althoughfingerbowlsfilledwith__83__wouldsometimesbeavailable,thelargenapkinswerenecessaryifonewantedtostayreasonablyclean.AseconduseforthenapkindevelopedinthesixthcenturyB.C.Romansociety.Atthattime,__84__wereexpectedtotakefoodhome.Theuneatenfoodwaswrappedupandcarriedinone’snapkin.Itwasconsiderednotpolitetoleaveempty-handed.Napkinsizechanged__85__withaninvention.Theinventionthatcausedthissizechangewasthefork.Sincepeoplebegantosueforks,theirhandsnolongergetasdirtyasbefore.Althoughnapkinsbecamesmallerinsize,manyEuropeansdidnotusethem.Thecustomwastowipeone’shandsonthetablecloth.Atthattime,tableclothsweresolargethatonecoulduseapartofittocoverone’slap.Coveringone’slapwiththetableclothservedtwopurposes(目的).Onecou