新人教版高中英语必修第一册学案2：Discovering Useful Structures

新人教版高中英语必修第一册PAGEPAGE1Unit5LanguagesAroundtheWorldDiscoveringUsefulStructuresRestrictiverelativeclauses(2)学习目标1.Tomasterthebasicusagesofrelativeadverbsofattributiveclauses.2.Tolearntouserelativeadverbsofattributiveclausesmentionedflexibly.重难点1.Toappreciatethefunctionofrelativeadverbsofattributiveclausesinasentence.2.Towriteessaysusingtheproperrelativeadverbsofattributiveclauses.课前诊断本节语法思考：定语从句的关系副词有哪些？判定依据是什么？学习过程关系副词的用法自主探究语法自主探究一、判断定语从句的关系副词的方法如果先行词是指代“时间的名词”，还原到定语从句中作_________，则用关系副词when；如果先行词是指代“地点的名词”，还原到定语从句中作___________，则用关系副词where；如果先行词是指代“原因的名词（reason）”，还原到定语从句中作______________，则用关系副词why。二、关系副词的基本用法指代关系副词在从句中的作用例句时间名词when（=at/in/on+which）时间状语Ishallneverforgettheday________________________(我们搬入新房子的那一天).地点名词where（=at/in/on+which）地点状语Thisisthevillage______________________________.这就是我父亲出生的村庄。原因名词why（=forwhich）原因状语Thisisthereason___________________________.这是他错过早班车的原因。三、关系副词和关系代词的正确使用关系副词和关系代词的选择要看先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分：如果作状语，则用关系副词；如果作主语、宾语、表语，则用关系代词，而不能只看先行词是什么。I’llneverforgettheday______________________________________.我永远不会忘记我们在农场一起度过的那一天。I’llneverforgettheday______________________________________.我永远不会忘记我们在农场一起工作的那一天。Heworksinthefactory______________________________________.他在我去年参观的那个工厂工作。Heworksinthefactory______________________________________.他在制造这些自行车的那个工厂工作。Thisisthereason___________________________________________.这就是他对我们解释的理由。Idon’tknowthereason______________________________________.我不知道他如此生气的原因。四、关系副词易错点：1.where指代抽象地点，意为“在……中（下）”where既可以指代具体的地点名词，也可指代抽象地点名词，常见的抽象地点名词：case,point,situation,condition,scene,stage,position，activity,platform,race,environment,atmosphere,family,job等。Ihavereachedapointinmylife___________________________________________.我已经到了一个在我人生中自己做决定的地步了。Nowadayspeoplearemoreconcernedabouttheenvironment________________________________.目前人们更加关心他们所居住的环境。Lifeislikealongrace_________________________.人生像一场长跑比赛,我们在比赛中和他人竞争以超越自己。2.when指代抽象时间，意思为“在……的时间里”when既可以指代具体的时间名词，也可指代抽象时间名词，常见的有occasion（时机）,time,age,period等。Occasionsarequiterare________________________.我有时间和孩子们呆一天的机会很少。Wearelivinginanage____________________我们生活在一个(许多事情靠计算机来做的)时代。3.why不能引导非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句不能用why引导,要用forwhich。Ihavetoldhimthereason,___________Imissedtheearlybus.我没赶上早班车,我已经告诉了他原因。Themainreason,________helosthisjob,wasthathedranktoomuch.他失去工作的主要原因是酗酒。4.way作先行词①先行词way在定语从句中充当方式状语，引导词用that或inwhich，也可省略。（注意不用how,how不能引导定语从句。）②充当主语、宾语，引导词用that或which，做主语时不可省略，做宾语时可省略。Thisistheway_________hesolvedtheproblem.这就是他解决问题的方法。Thisistheway__________heusedtosolvetheproblem.这就是他所使用的解决问题的方法。Thisistheway_________wasusedtosolvetheproblem.这就是被使用的解决问题的方法。五、使用定语从句时注意的几个方面：（一）分割式定语从句定语从句和它所修饰的先行词中间插入谓语、状语或另外的定语等成分，使定语从句与所修饰的名词分割开来，或者插入语把引导词与定语从句分割。理解句子时，注意找准先行词。AnewteacherwillcometomorrowwhowillteachusEnglish.教我们英语的一位新老师明天就要到了。Thedaysaregone____________physicalstrengthwaswhatyouneededtomakealiving.完全靠体力挣钱谋生的时代已经过去了。Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriend,_____weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.我和朋友爬到了山顶，在那里我们欣赏了美丽的湖光景色。Thescientisthasmadeanotherdiscovery,________,ofcourse,isofgreatimportance.科学家另有发现，当然，这个发现很重要。（二）易混从句对比1.Isthisfactorytheone(_________)youvisitedyesterday?Isthisthefactory(____________)youvisitedyesterday?2.Theoldmanhasthreesons,oneof__________isateacher.Theoldmanhasthreesons,andoneof________isateacher.3.Thenews(____________)hetoldusistrue.Thenews__________ourteamwonthegameistrue.4.Thedoctordidall(_____)hecouldtosavetheboy.Thedoctordid_________hecouldtosavetheboy.5._________isknowntotheworld,MarkTwainwasafamouswriter.___________isknowntotheworldthatMarkTwainwasafamouswriter.__________isknowntotheworldisthatMarkTwainwasafamouswriter.6.Youshouldleavethingsattheplace________youcanfindthemagaineasily.Youshouldleavethings________youcanfindthemagaineasily.7.判断以下句子是什么句型？Itwasinthisplacethathewasborn.Thisistheplacewherehewasborn.Itwasinthefactorywhereheworkedthatwemeteachothertogether.Heissuchagoodteacher/sogoodateacheraswealllike.Heissuchagoodteacher/sogoodateacherthatwealllikehim.Thereasonwhyhedidn’tcomeyesterdayisthathewasill.课后巩固用适当的关系副词或关系代词填空1.Istillremembertheday______IfirstcametoBeijing.2.Thisistheroom______mygrandparentslivedlastyear.

3.Doyouknowthereason______herefusedtogotoMary’sbirthdayparty.4.Chinaisalargecountry______manydifferentdialectsarespoken.5.Thefactory______hisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.6.Thisisthehospital______mymotherworks.

7.Thatisthereason______Ididthejob.8.Idon’tknowtheexacttime______theywillmeet.

9.Istillremembertheplace______Imetherforthefirsttime.10.That’soneofthereasons______Iaskedyoutocome.11.Mr.WangwillflytoBeijing,______hewillstayforthreemonths.12.Therecomesatime______youhavetomakeachoice.13.Iamlookingforwardtotheday_____mydaughtercanknowmyfeelingsforher.14.We’llputoffthepicnicuntilnextweek,______theweathermaybebetter.15.______weknow,thisistheday______thequakehappenedthirty-fiveyearsago.16.Heworksinafactory______makesthistypeofiPhone.17.Thisisthehospital______wevisitedthedaybeforeyesterday.18.Finallyhereachedalonelyisland________wascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.19.Idoubtthereason______hegaveusforhisbeingabsentfromthemeeting.20.Theway_____ourchemistryteacherdidtheexperimentwasveryinteresting.

〖〖答案〗〖解析〗〗语法自主探究一、判断定语从句的关系副词的方法时间状语;地点状语;原因状语二、关系副词的基本用法指代关系副词在从句中的作用例句时间名词when（=at/in/on+which）时间状语Ishallneverforgettheday__________________________(我们搬入新房子的那一天).〖答案〗whenwemovedintoournewhouse〖解析〗先行词theday还原到从句中为:wemovedintoournewhouseontheday,作时间状语，用when或onwhich地点名词where（=at/in/on+which）地点状语Thisisthevillage______________________________.这就是我父亲出生的村庄。〖答案〗wheremyfatherwasborn〖解析〗先行词thevillage还原到从句中为:myfatherwasborninthevillage,作地点状语，用where或inwhich。原因名词why（=forwhich）原因状语Thisisthereason___________________________.这是他错过早班车的原因。〖答案〗whyhemissedtheearlybus〖答案〗先行词thereason还原到从句中为:hemissedtheearlybusforthereason,作原因状语，用why或forwhich。三、关系副词和关系代词的正确使用关系副词和关系代词的选择要看先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分：如果作状语，则用关系副词；如果作主语、宾语、表语，则用关系代词，而不能只看先行词是什么。I’llneverforgettheday______________________________________.我永远不会忘记我们在农场一起度过的那一天。〖答案〗(that/which)Ispentwithyouonthefarm〖解析〗先行词theday还原到从句中为:Ispentthedaywithyouonthefarm,作spent的宾语，用that/which。I’llneverforgettheday____________________________________.我永远不会忘记我们在农场一起工作的那一天。〖答案〗whenIworkedwithyouonthefarm〖解析〗先行词theday还原到从句中为:Iworkedwithyouonthefarmontheday,作时间状语，用when或onwhich。Heworksinthefactory_______________________________.他在我去年参观的那个工厂工作。〖答案〗(that/which)Ivisitedlastyear〖解析〗先行词thefactory还原到从句中为:Ivisitedthefactorylastyear,作visited的宾语，用that/which。Heworksinthefactory_______________________________.他在制造这些自行车的那个工厂工作。〖答案〗wherethesebikesaremade〖解析〗先行词thefactory还原到从句中为:thesebikesaremadeinthefactory,作地点状语,用where或inwhich。Thisisthereason___________________________________.这就是他对我们解释的理由。〖答案〗(that/which)heexplainedtous〖解析〗先行词thereason还原到从句中为:heexplainedthereasontous,作explained的宾语，用that/which。Idon’tknowthereason__________________________________.我不知道他如此生气的原因。〖答案〗whyhewassoangry〖解析〗先行词thereason还原到从句中为:hewassoangryforthereason,作原因状语，用why或forwhich。四、关系副词易错点：1.where指代抽象地点，意为“在……中（下）”where既可以指代具体的地点名词，也可指代抽象地点名词，常见的抽象地点名词：case,point,situation,condition,scene,stage,position，activity,platform,race,environment,atmosphere,family,job等。Ihavereachedapointinmylife_________________________________.我已经到了一个在我人生中自己做决定的地步了。〖答案〗whereIshouldmakedecisionsofmyownNowadayspeoplearemoreconcernedabouttheenvironment______________________.目前人们更加关心他们所居住的环境。〖答案〗wheretheyliveLifeislikealongrace____________________.人生像一场长跑比赛,我们在比赛中和他人竞争以超越自己。〖答案〗wherewecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves2.when指代抽象时间，意思为“在……的时间里”when既可以指代具体的时间名词，也可指代抽象时间名词，常见的有occasion（时机）,time,age,period等。Occasionsarequiterare________________________.我有时间和孩子们呆一天的机会很少。〖答案〗whenIhavethetimetospendadaywithmykidsWearelivinginanage____________________.我们生活在一个(许多事情靠计算机来做的)时代。〖答案〗whenmanythingsaredoneoncomputers3.why不能引导非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句不能用why引导,要用forwhich。Ihavetoldhimthereason,___________Imissedtheearlybus.我没赶上早班车,我已经告诉了他原因。〖答案〗forwhich〖解析〗非限制性定语从句不能用why引导,要用forwhich。Themainreason,________helosthisjob,wasthathedranktoomuch.他失去工作的主要原因是酗酒。〖答案〗forwhich〖解析〗非限制性定语从句不能用why引导,要用forwhich。4.way作先行词①先行词way在定语从句中充当方式状语，引导词用that或inwhich，也可省略。（注意不用how,how不能引导定语从句。）②充当主语、宾语，引导词用that或which，做主语时不可省略，做宾语时可省略。Thisistheway_________hesolvedtheproblem.这就是他解决问题的方法。〖答案〗(that/inwhich)〖解析〗先行词theway还原到定语从句中为：hesolvedtheproblemintheway，作方式状语，引导词用that或inwhich，也可省略。Thisistheway__________heusedtosolvetheproblem.这就是他所使用的解决问题的方法。〖答案〗that/inwhich〖解析〗theway作used的宾语，that/which可省略。Thisistheway_________wasusedtosolvetheproblem.这就是被使用的解决问题的方法。〖答案〗that/which〖解析〗theway作wasused的主语，that/which不可省略。五、使用定语从句时注意的几个方面：（一）分割式定语从句定语从句和它所修饰的先行词中间插入谓语、状语或另外的定语等成分，使定语从句与所修饰的名词分割开来，或者插入语把引导词与定语从句分割。理解句子时，注意找准先行词。AnewteacherwillcometomorrowwhowillteachusEnglish.教我们英语的一位新老师明天就要到了。Thedaysaregone____________physicalstrengthwaswhatyouneededtomakealiving.完全靠体力挣钱谋生的时代已经过去了。〖答案〗whenIwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriend,_____weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.我和朋友爬到了山顶，在那里我们欣赏了美丽的湖光景色。〖答案〗whereThescientisthasmadeanotherdiscovery,________,ofcourse,isofgreatimportance.科学家另有发现，当然，这个发现很重要。〖答案〗which（二）易混从句对比1.Isthisfactorytheone(_________)youvisitedyesterday?〖答案〗that/which可省略〖解析〗theone作表语，that引导定语从句，修饰theone，可省略。Isthisthefactory(____________)youvisitedyesterday?〖答案〗that/which可省略〖解析〗that/which引导定语从句并作宾语，可省略。2.Theoldmanhasthreesons,oneof__________isateacher.〖答案〗whom〖解析〗定语从句，用引导词whom。Theoldmanhasthreesons,andoneof________isateacher.〖答案〗them〖解析〗并列句，用代词them。3.Thenews(____________)hetoldusistrue.〖答案〗that/which〖解析〗定语从句，引导词用that和which都可。Thenews__________ourteamwonthegameistrue.〖答案〗that〖解析〗同位语从句，引导词只用that，不用which。4.Thedoctordidall(_____)hecouldtosavetheboy.〖答案〗that〖解析〗有先行词all，that引导定语从句。Thedoctordid_________hecouldtosavetheboy.〖答案〗what〖解析〗没有先行词，what引导宾语从句。5._________isknowntotheworld,MarkTwainwasafamouswriter.〖答案〗As〖解析〗as引导非限制性定语从句。___________isknownto