英语六级阅读主旨题

英语六级阅读主旨题

文章主旨题：做题时要把每段第一句话都有的单词划出来，然后在选项中一定

要有这些单词或同义词，一般并不用看最后一句。除非选不出来，再去找例如

例子的结论等等。

[001]

Itisnaturalforvounapeopletobecriticaloftheirparentsattimesandto

blamethemformostofthemisunderstandingsbetweenthem.Theyhave

alwayscomplained,moreorlessjustly,thattheirparentsareoutoftouchwith

modernways;thattheyarepossessiveanddominantthattheydonottrust

theirchildrentodealwithcrises;thattheytalktoomuchaboutcertain

problemsandthattheyhavenosenseofhumour,atleastinparent-child

relationships.(几个that并列，都不重要，不用看)Ithinkitistruethatparents

oftenunderestimatetheirteenagechildrenandalsoforgethowthey

themselvesfeltwhenyoung.Youngpeopleoftenirritatetheirparentswiththeir

choicesinclothesandhairstyles,inentertainersandmusic.Thisisnottheir

motive.Theyfeelcutofffromtheadultworldintowhichtheyhavenotyetbeen

accepted.Sotheycreateacultureandsocietyoftheirown.Then,ifitturnsout

thattheirmusicorentertainersorvocabularyorclothesorhairstylesirritate

theirparents,thisgivesthemadditionalenjoyment.Theyfeeltheyaresuperior,

atleastinasmallway,andthattheyareleadersinstyleandtaste.

注：1.critical吹毛求疵的,很重要的

22.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout.

(A)theteenagers'criticismoftheirparents

(B)misunderstandingsbetweenteenagersandtheirparents

(C)thedominanceoftheparentsovertheirchildren

(D)theteenagers'abilitytodealwithcrises

注：段落主旨，B和C只说了一部分。

[002]

Greenspacefacilitiesarecontributinqtoanimportantextenttotheauahtu

oftheurbanenvironment.Fortunatelyitisnolongernecessarythatevery

lectureoreverybookaboutthissubjecthastostartwiththeproofofthisidea.

Atpresent,itisgenerallyaccepted,althoughmoreasaself-evidentstatement

thanonthebaseofaclosely-reasonedscientificproof.Therecognitionofthe

importanceofgreenspacesintheurbanenvironmentisafirststepontheright

way,thisdoesnotmean,however,thatsufficientdetailsareknownaboutthe

functionsofgreenspaceintownsandaboutthewayinwhichtheinhabitants

areusingthesespaces.AstothisrathercomplexsubjectIshall,withinthe

scopeofthislecture,enterintooneaspectonly,namelytherecreativefunction

ofgreenspacefacilities.

注：GF对城乡环境有重要的贡献。(阅读中名词永远都不重要，不用认识，

但是动词非常重要！）

Thetheoreticalseparationofliving,working,trafficandrecreationwhich

formanyyearshasbeenusedintown-and-countryplanning,hasinmyopinion

resultedindisproportionateattentionforformsofrecreationfarfromhome,

whereastherewasrelativelylittleattentionforimprovementofrecreative

possibilitiesinthedirectneighbourhoodofthehome.Wehavecometothe

conclusionthatthisisnotright,becauseanimportantpartofthetimewhichwe

donotpassinsleepingorworking,isusedforactivitiesatandaroundhome.

Soitisobviousthatrecreationintheopenairhastobeginatthestreet-doorof

thehouse.Theurbanenvironmenthastoofferasmanyrecreationactivitiesas

possible,andthedesignofthesehastobesuchthatmoreobligatoryactivities

canalsohavearecreativeaspect.

Theverybeststandardoflivingisnothingifitisnotpossibletotakea

pleasantwalkinthedistrict,ifthechildrencannotbeallowedtoplayinthe

streets,becausetherisksoftrafficaretoogreat,ifduringshoppingyoucan

nowherefindaspotforenjoyingforamomenttheniceweather,inshort,ifyou

onlyfeelyourselfathomeafterthestreet-doorofyourhouseisclosedafter

you.

40.Themainideaofthispassageisthat.

（A）attentionmustbedirectedtotheimprovementofrecreativepossibilities

（只有第2段的内容）

（B）betteruseofgreenspacefacilitiesshouldbemadesoastoimprovethe

qualityofourlife

（C）theurbanenvironmentisprovidingmorerecreationactivitiesthanitdid

manyyearsago

（D）prioritymust（灭绝）begiventothedevelopmentofobligatoryactivities

[003]

Therearcdesertplantswhichsurvivethedryseasonintheformof

inactiveseeds.Therearealsodesertinsectswhichsurviveasinactivelarvae

（幼虫）.Inaddition,difficultasitistobelieve,therearedesertfishwhichcan

survivethroughyearsofdrought（干旱）intheformofinactiveeggs.Theseare

theshrimps（小虾）thatliveintheMojaveDesert,anintenselydryregioninthe

south-westoftheUnitedStateswhereshadetemperaturesofover50Care

oftenrecorded.

TheeggsoftheMojaveshrimpsarethesizeandhavetheappearanceof

grainsofsand.Whensufficientspringrainfallstoformalake,onceeverytwo

tofiveyears,theseeggshatch（孵化）.Thenthewaterissoonfilledwith

millionsoftinyshrimpsaboutamillimetrelongwhichfeedontinyplantand

animalorganismswhichalsogrowinthetemporarydesertlake.Withinaweek,

theshrimpsgrowfromtheiroriginal1millimetretoalengthofabout1.5

centimetres.

ThroughoutIhelimethattheshrimpsarerapidlymaturing,Ihewalerin

thelakeequallyrapidlyevaporates.Therefore,fortheshrimpsitisarace

againsttime.Bythetwelfthday,however,whentheyareabout3centimetre

long,hundredsoftinyeggsformontheunderbodiesofthefemales.Usuallyby

thistime,allthatremainsofthelakeisalarge,muddypatchofwetsoil.Onthe

thirteenthdayandthenext,duringthefinalhoursoftheirbrieflives,the

shrimpslaytheireggsinthemud.Then,havingensuredthattheirspecieswill

survive,theshrimpsdieasthelastofthewaterevaporates.

Ifsufficientrainfallsthenextyeartoformanotherlake,theeggshatch,

andonceagaintheshrimpspassrapidlythroughtheircycleofgrowth,

adulthood,egg-laying,anddeath.Someyearsthereisinsufficientraintoform

alake:inthiscase,theeggsw川remaindormantforanotheryears,oreven

longerifnecessary.Very,veryoccasionally,perhapstwiceinahundredyears,

sufficientrainfallstoformadeeplakethatlastsamonthormore.Inthiscase,

thespeciespassesthroughtwocyclesofgrowth,egg-laying,anddeath.Thus,

onsuchoccasions,thespeciesmultipliesconsiderably,whichfurtherensures

itssurvival.

23.Thepassagemainlydealswith.

(A)thelifespanoftheMojaveshrimps

(B)thesurvivalofdesertshrimps

(C)theimportanceofwatertolife

(D)lifeintheMojaveDesert

注：三段出现shrimp,说明本文主要讲shrimp,排除C和D,A选项lifespan没出

现过。

[004]

Inourculture,thesourcesofwhatwecallasenseof"mastery"—feeling

importantandworth-while・andthesourcesofwhatwecallasense

"pleasure"-findinglifeenjoyable-arenotalwaysidentical.Womenoftenare

told"Youcan'thaveitall."Sometimeswhatthespeakerreallyissayingis:"

Youchoseacareer,soyoucan'texpecttohavecloserrelationshipsorahappy

familylife."ornYouhaveawonderfulhusbandandchildren-What'sallthis

aboutwantingacareer?"Butwomenneedtounderstandanddevelopboth

aspectsofwell-being,iftheyaretofeelgoodaboutthemselves.

Ourstudyshowsthat,forwomen,well-being(幸福，being**的状态)

hastwodimensions.Oneismastery,whichincludesself-esteem(自尊),a

senseofcontroloveryourlife,andlowlevelsofanxiet/anddepression.

Masteryiscloselyrelatedtothe"doing"sideoflife,toworkandactivity.

Pleasureistheotherdimensions,anditiscomposedofhappiness,satisfaction

andoptimism(乐观).Itistiedmorecloselytothe"feeling"sideoflife.Thetwo

areindependentofeachother.Awomancouldbehighinmasteryandlowin

pleasure,andviceversa.Forexample,awomanwhohasagoodjob,but

whosemotherhasjustdied,mightbefeelingverygoodaboutherselfandin

controlofherworklife,butthepleasuresidecouldbedamagedforatime.

Theconceptsofmasteryandpleasurecanhelpusidentifythesourcesof

well-beingforwomen,andremedypastmistakes.Inthepast,womenwere

encouragedtolookonlyatthefeelingsideoflifeasthesourceofallwell-being.

Butweknowthatbothmasteryandpleasurearecritical.Andmasteryseems

tobeachievedlargelythroughwork.Inourstudy,allthegroupsofemployed

womenratedsignificantlyhigherinmasterythandidwomenwhowerenot

employed.

Awoman'swell-beingisenhanced(增进)whenshetakesonmultiple

roles.Atleastbymiddleadulthood,thewomenwhowereinvolvedina

combinationofroles-marriages,motherhood,andemploymentwerethe

highestinwell-being,despitewarningsaboutstressandstrain.

40.Themostappropriatetitleforthepassagewouldbe.

(A)Thewell-beingofCareerWomen

(B)SourcesofMasteryandPleasure

(C)TwoAspectsofWomen'sWell-Being

(D)FreedomRolesWomeninSociety

注：A选项career缩小了范围，B选项没出现woman,扩大了选项

[005]

Thecompetitionamongproducersofpersonalcomputersisessentiallya

racetogetthebest,mostinnovativeproductstothemarketplace.Marketersin

thisenvironmentfrequentlyhavetomakeajudgementastotheircompetitors'

rolewhenmakingmarketingstrategydecisions.Ifmajorcompetitorsarc

changingtheirproducts,thenamarketermaywanttofollowsuittoremain

competitive.AppleComputer,Inc.hasintroducedtwonew,fasterperson

computers,theMacintoshIIandMacintoshSE,inanticipationofthe

introductionofanewPCbyIBM,oneofApple'smajorcompetitors.

Apple'snewcomputersaremuchfasterandmorepowerfulthanits

earliermodels.TheimprovedMacintoshisabletorunprogramsthat

previouslywereimpossibletorunonanApplePC,includingIBM-compatible

programs.Thiscompatibilityfeatureillustratescomputermanufacturers'new

attitudeofgivingcustomersthefeaturestheywant.MaltingApplecomputers

capableofrunningIBMsoftwareisApple1seffortatmakingtheMackintosh

compatiblewithIBMcomputersandthusmorepopularintheoffice,where

Applehopestoincreasesales,UsersofthenewApplecanalsoadd

accessoriestomaketheirmachinesspecializeinspecificuses,suchas

engineeringandwriting.

Thenewcomputersrepresentabigimprovementoverpastmodels,but

theyalsocostmuchmore.Companyofficialsdonotthinkthehigherpricewill

slowdownbuyerswhowanttostepuptoamorepowerfulcomputer.Apple

wantstostayinthehighpriceendofthepersonalcomputermarkertofinance

researchforevenfaster,moresophisticatedcomputers.

EventhoughAppleandIBMaremajorcompetitors,bothcompanies

realizethattheircompetitor'scomputershavecertainfeaturesthattheirown

modelsdonot.TheApplelinehasalwaysbeenpopularforitssophisticated

colorgraphics,where-astheIBMmachineshavealwaysbeenfavoredin

offices.Inthefuture,therewillprobablybemorecompatibilitybetweenthetwo

companies'products,whichnodoubtwillrequirethatbothAppleandIBM

changemarketingstrategies.

30.Thebesttittleforthepassagewouldbe.

A)Apple'sEffortssoStayAheadof(既是竞争competition)IBM

B)Apple'sNewComputerTechnology

C)Apple'sNewpersonalComputers

D)Apple'sResearchActivities

[006]

Aneweraisuponus.Callitwhatyouwill:theserviceeconomy,the

informationage,theknowledgesociety.Italltranslatestoafundamental

changeinthewaywework.Alreadywe'repartlythere.Thepercentageof

peoplewhoearntheirlivingbymakingthingshasfallendramaticallyinthe

WesternWorld.fbdaythemajorityofjobsinAmerica,EuropeandJapan(two

thirdsormoreinmanyofthesecountries)areintheserviceindustry,andthe

numberisontherise.Morewomenareintheworkforcethaneverbefore.

Therearcmoreparttimejobs.Morepeoplearcselfemployed.Butthe

breadthoftheeconomictransformationcan'tbemeasuredbynumbersalone,

becauseitalsoisgivingrisetoaradicalnewwayofthinkingaboutthenature

ofworkitself.Long-heldnotionsaboutjobsandcareers,theskillsneededto

succeed,eventherelationbetweenindividualsandemployers-alltheseare

beingchallenged.

Wehaveonlytolookbehindustogetsomesenseofwhatmaylieahead.

Noonelookingahead20yearspossiblycouldhaveforeseenthewaysin

whichasingleinvention,thechip,wouldtransformourworldthankstoits

applicationsinpersonalcomputers,digitalcommunicationsandfactoryrobots.

Tomorrow'sachievementsinbiotechnology,artificialintelligenceorevensome

stillunimaginedtechnologycouldproduceasimilarwaveofdramaticchanges.

Butonethingiscertain:informationandknowledgew川becomeevenmore

vital,andthepeoplewhopossessit,whethertheyworkinmanufacturingor

services,willhavetheadvantageandproducethewealth.Computer

knowledgewillbecomeasbasicarequirementastheabilitytoreadandwrite.

Theabilitytosolveproblemsbyapplyinginformationinsteadofperforming

routinetaskswillbevaluedaboveallelse.Ifyoucastyourmindahead10

years,informationserviceswillbepredominant.Itwillbethewayyoudoyour

job.

25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A)ComputersandtheKnowledgeSociety.

B)ServiceindustriesinModernSociety.

C)FeaturesandImplicationsoftheNewEra.

D)RapidAdvancementofinformationTechnology

注：一个选项能概括每一段的内容或者大多数段的内容，即看每段首句。

主旨题的迷惑选项：末段内容、细节内容、加词缩小范围，减词扩大范围。

[007]

Materialculturereferstothetouchable,material"things"-physicalobjects

thatcanbeseen,held,felt,used-thatacultureproduces.Examininga

culture'stoolsandtechnologycantellusaboutthegroup'shistoryandwayof

life.Similarly,researchintothematerialcultureofmusiccanhelpusto

understandthemusic-culture.Themostvividbodyof"things'*init,ofcourse,

aremusicalinstruments.Wecannothearforourselvestheactualsoundofany

musicalperformancebeforethe1870swhenthephonographwasinvented,so

werelyoninstrumentsforimportantinformationaboutmusic-culturesitthe

remotepastandtheirdevelopment.Herewehavetwokindsofevidence:

instrumentswellpreservedandinstrumentspicturesinart.Throughthestudy

ofinstruments,aswellpreservedPaintings,writtendocuments,andsoon,we

canexplorethemovementofmusicfromtheNeatEasttoChinaovera

thousandyearsago,orwecanoutlinethespreadofNeareasterninfluenceto

Europethatresultsinthedevelopmentofmostoftheinstrumentsonthe

symphonyorchestra.

Sheetmusicorprintedmusic,too,ismaterialculture.Scholarsonce

definedfolkmusic-culturesasthoseinwithpeoplelearnandsingmusicbyear

ratherthanfromprint,butresearchshowmutualinfluenceamongoraland

writtensourcesduringthepastfewcenturiesinEurope,Britain,andAmerica,

printedversionslimitvarietybecausetheytendtostandardizeanysong,yet

theystimulatepeopletocreatenewanddifferentsongs.Besides,theabilityto

readmusicnotationhasafar-reachingeffectonmusiciansand,whenit

becomeswidespread,onthemusic-cultureasawhole.

Onemoreimportantpartofmusic'smaterialcultureshouldbesingled

outtheinfluenceoftheelectronicmedia-radio,recordplayer,taperecorder,

television,andvideocassette,withthefuturepromisingtalkingandsinging

computersandotherdevelopments.Thisallpartofthe"information

revolution,"atwentiethcenturyphenomenonasimportantastheindustrial

revolutionwasinthenineteenth.Theseelectronicmediaarenotjustlimitedto

modemnations;theyhaveaffectedmusic-culturesallovertheglobe.

25.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizedthemainideaofthepassage?

A)Musicalinstrumentsdevelopedthroughtheyearswillsoonerlaterbe

replacedbycomputers.

B)cannotbepassedontofuturegenerationunlessitisrecorded.

C)Folksongscannotspreadfarunlesstheyareprintedonmusicsheets

D)Thedevelopmentofmusiccultureishighlydependentoritsmaterialaspect

[008]

ThreeEnglishdictionariespublishedrecentlyalllavclaimtopossessing

a"new"feature.TheBBCEnglishDictionarycontainsbackgroundinformation

onI,000peopleandplacesprominentinthenewssince1988;theOxford

AdvancedLearner'sDictionary:EncyclopedicEditionistheOALDplus

encyclopedicentries;theLongmanDictionaryofEnglishLanguageand

CultureistheLMEplusculturalinformation.

Thekeyfactismatallthreedictionariescanbeseentohavea

distinctly,cultural"aswellaslarauaaeleaminacontent.Thatbeingsaid,the

wayinwhichtheyapproachtheculturalelementisnotidentical,makingdirect

comparisonsbetweenthethreedifficult.

Whilethereissomecommonaroundbetweentheencyclopedicand

culturalentriesfortheOxfordardLoncimandictionaries,thereisaclear

difference.Oxfordlaysclaimtobeingencyclopediconcontentwhereas

Longmandistinctlyconcentratesonthelanguageandcultureofthe

English-speakingworld.TheOxforddictionarycanthereforestandmore

vigorousscrutinyforculturalbiasthantheLongmanpublicationbecausethe

latterdocsnothesitateaboutviewingtherestoftheworldfromthecultural

perspectivesoftheEnglish-speakingworld.TheculturalobjectivesoftheBBC

dictionaryareinturnmoredistinctstill.Basedonananalysisofover70million

wordsrecordedfromtheBBCWorldServiceandNationalPublicRadioof

Washingtonoveraperiodoffouryears,their1,000briefencyclopedicentries

arebasedonpeopleandplacesthathavefeaturedinthenewsrecently.The

intendedusertheyhaveinmindisaregularlistenertotheWorldServicewho

willhaveareasonablestandardofEnglishandadevelopedskillinlistening

comprehension.

Inreality,though,theBBCdictionarywillbepurchasedbyafarwider

rangeoflanguagelearners,aswilltheothertwodictionaries.Wewillbefaced

withasituationwheremanyoftheusersofthesedictionarieswillatthevery

leasthavedistinctsocio-culturalperspectivesandmayhaveworldviewswhich

aretotallyopposedandevenhostiletothoseoftheWest.Advancedlearners

fromthiskindofbackgroundwillnotonlyevaluateadictionaryonhow

user-friendlyitisbutwillalsohavedefiniteviewsaboutthescopeand

appropriatenessofthevarioussocioculturalentries.

25.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A）differentwaysoftreatingsocio-culturalelementsinthethreenew

Englishdictionaries.

B）Acomparisonofpeople'sopinionsontheculturalcontentinthethree

newEnglishdictionaries.

C）TheadvantagesoftheBBCdictionaryoverOxfordandLongman.（最后

一段,，迷惑项）

D）Theuser-friendlinessofthethreenewEnglishdictionaries.

[009]

Clothesplayacriticalpartintheconclusionswereachbyprovidingclues

towhopeopleare,whotheyarenot,andwhotheywouldliketobe.Theytell

usagooddealaboutthewearer'sbackground,personality,status,mood,and

socialoutlook.

注：ciitic注重要的

Sinceclothesaresuchanimportantsourceofsocialinformation,wecan

usethemtomanipulatepeople'simpressionofus.Ourappearanceassumes

particularsignificanceintheinitialphasesofinteractionthatislikelytooccur.

Anelderlymiddle-classmanorwomanmaybealienated（疏远...）byayoung

adultwhoisdressedinanunconventionalmanner,regardlessoftheperson's

education,background,orinterests.

注：manipulate控制,操纵

Peopletendtoagreeonwhatcertaintypesofclothesmean.Adolescent

girlscaneasilyagreeonthelifestylesofgirlswhowearcertainoutf让s（套装）,

includingthenumberofboyfriendstheylikelyhavehadandwhetherthey

smokeordrink.Newscasters,ortheannouncerswhoreadthenewsonTV,

areconsideredtobemoreconvincing,honest,andcompetentwhentheyare

dressedconservatively.Andcollagestudentswhoviewthemselvesastaking

anactiveroleintheirinterpersonalrelationshipssaytheyareconcernedabout

thecostumestheymustweartoplaytheserolessuccessfully.Moreover,many

ofuscanrelateinstancesinwhichtheclothingweworechangedthewaywe

feltaboutourselvesandhowweacted.Perhapsyouhaveusedclothingto

gainconfidencewhenyouanticipatedastressfulsituation,suchasajob

interview,oracourtappearance.

Intheworkplace,menhavelonghadwelldefinedprecedentsandrole

modelsforachievingsuccess.Ithasbeenotherwiseforwomen.Agoodmany

womeninthebusinessworldareuncertainabouttheappropriatemixtureof

"masculine'1and"feminine"attributestheyshouldconveybytheirprofessional

clothing.Thevarietyofclothingalternativestowomenhasalsobeengreater

thanthatavailableformen.Maleadministratorstendtojudgewomenmore

favorablyformanagerialpositionswhenthewomendisplayless"feminine"

grooming（打扮）-shorterhair,moderateuseofmakeup,andplaintailored

clothing.Asonemaleadministratorconfessed,"Anattractivewomanis

definitelygoingtogetalongerinterview,butshewon'tgetajob."

35.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?（本文需要全读）

A）Dressingforeffect.

B）Howtodressappropriately.

C）Managerialpositionsandclothing.

D）Dressingfortheoccasion.（偶尔、临时）

[010]

[方法例外]

Themorewomenandminoritiesmaketheirwayintotheranksof

management,themoretheyseemtowanttotalkaboutthingsformerlyjudged

tobebestleftunsaid.Thenewcomersalsotendtoseeofficematterswitha

fresheye,intheprocesssometimescomingupwithcriticalanalysesofthe

forcesthatshapeeveryone'sexperienceintheorganization.

ConsiderthenovelviewsofHarveyColemanofAtlantaonthesubjectof

gettingahead（这句话其实是个例子,因为有人名、有大写）.Colemanisblack.

Hespent11yearswithIBM,halfofthemworkinginmanagementdevelopment,

andnowservesasaconsultanttothelikesofAT&T,CocaCola,Prudent