医学英语 Medical English Translation(11) Translation of Long Sentences 学习资料

医学英语翻译与写作

MedicalEnglishTranslationandwritingLecture11TranslationofLongSentencesWhetherornotthecerebralsymptomscanberelatedtoacidosishasnotbeenestablished.

脑症状与酸中毒究竟有无关系，尚未得

到证实。TranslationofLongSentencesConstitutionalsymptomsusuallyappearearlyandvaryextremelyinseverityevenduringasingleepidemic.

全身性症状通常在早期出现，即使在同

一次流行中，其严重程度在不同的患者

身上也迥然不同。TranslationofLongSentencesInsomepatientsinabilitytodescribetheirdistressofatypicallocalizationandsymptomatologymaymakeitimpossibletoappraisetheconditionwithassuranceontheinitialexamination.

有些病人不能说明其疼痛情况，即疼痛

部位及其症状的不典型性，因而不可能

在初次检查时就确定其病情。

TranslationofLongSentencesThetermofchronicirritationasacarcinogenissovaguethatitisnot

easytodiscuss.

慢性刺激作为致癌因子的意义是如此

含糊以至于难以加以讨论。TranslationofLongSentencesWecanbestunderstandwhatourimmunesystemmean,whathastobegivenussothatwesurvive,bysimplylookingintodiseasesinotherlivingthings.

只消考察一下其它生物的疾病，我们就

能很清楚地理解我们的免疫系统意味着

什么，我们必须得到什么才能存活下去。TranslationofLongSentencesThesametherapymustbecontinuedsolongasthelesionshowsnosignofhealing.

只要病灶无愈合的征象，就必须继续同

样的治疗。Sofarastheprognosisisconcerned,itsnaturalhistoryplaysadecisiverole.

就预后而论，此病的自然过程起着决定

性的作用。TranslationofLongSentencesClinicallythegreatdifficultyliesinprovingthattheyareindeedbenign

ormalignant.

临床上要证实它们到底是良性的还是恶性的有很大困难。TranslationofLongSentencesTranslationofLongSentencesMalignanttumourstendsoonerorlatertodisseminate

andformmetastases,andunlesstreatedearlyand

radicallytheyalmostinvariablykill;simpletumours

rarelycausefatalityunlesstheyinterferewiththe

functionofvitalorgans.恶性肿瘤迟早要扩散并形成转移，如果不进行早期

彻底治疗，它们总是会致命的，而良性肿瘤很少会

引起死亡，除非它们妨碍了极其重要的器官的功能。TranslationofLongSentencesTheescapeofbloodfromthebloodvessels,from

whatevercause,isspokenofashemorrhage.Theblood

mayescapefromthebody,asaftertheinflictionofan

openwoundwhichseversthebloodvesselsoritmay

passintothetissuesandsonotbevisible.无论什么原因引起的血液从血管中逸出都称为出血。

血液可能流出体外，如开放性创伤造成的血管被切

断；血液也可能进入组织，因而就看不见了。TranslationofLongSentencesTheonsetofchronicleukemiaisfrequentlyso

insidious

thatitisaccidentallydiscoveredwhenabloodcountis

obtainedforotherreasonsorwhenthepatientreportsto

hisphysicianthathehasnotedafewenlargedlymph

nodesorfelt,whilebathing,

afirmleftupperquadrant

abdominalmass.慢性白血病的发病常常是如此之隐蔽，以致有的时候是意外被发现的，比如因其他原因检查血细胞计数，或当患者向医生报告他注意到一些淋巴结肿大，或在洗澡时触及到左上腹部有一个坚硬的肿块。TranslationofLongSentencesHeretheemphasisisondiseaseasaprocess,andaneffort

ismadetoexplaintheclinicalpicturebythepathological

changesfoundinthetissues,notonlyinthesurgical

pathologylaboratory,but,itmaybe,intheautopsyroom,

wheretheobjectisnotmerelytodeterminethecauseof

death,buttostudytheparticulardiseaseinallitsaspects

andramifications,andtocorrelateitwiththesignsand

symptomsobservedduringlife.TranslationofLongSentences这里着重将疾病作为一个过程来研究，并且力求通过机体组织的病理变化来解释临床表现，这些病理变化不但有通过活检所发现的，也有通过尸检所发现的。尸检的目的不仅在于确定死因，而且要通过整体和细节研究某个特定的疾病，并将疾病与死者生前的症状和体征联系起来。TranslationofLongSentencesPathologicphysiology,asthetermimplies,isconcernedwithdisturbancesinnormalphysiology,themechanismsproducingthesedisturbancesandthewayinwhichtheyexpressthemselvesassymptomsandsigns;suchabnormalitiesmayaccompanyorresultfromanatomicdefects,buttheyfrequentlyoccurintheabsenceofanypathologicanatomicchange,for“biochemicallesions”maybeexpressionsofcellulardysfunctionbeforetheprocessissevereenough,orhasbeenpresentlongenoughtocausedamagedetectablegrosslyormicroscopically.Translation