2025年高考英语总复习《语法-非谓语动词》专项测试卷（附答案）

第页2025年高考英语总复习《语法—非谓语动词》专项测试卷（附答案）学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________非谓语动词易错点集锦一．非谓语动词的形式及意义非谓语动词主动语态被动语态意义不定式一般式todotobedone不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生不定式进行式tobedoing不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone不定式的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前现在分词/动名词一般式doingbeingdone其表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生完成式havingdonehavingbeendone其表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生过去分词一般式done与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表完成二．技巧点拨·如何解答非谓语动词题目分析句子结构，辨别“谓语和非谓语”首先判定所给动词是否充当句子的谓语，如果是，就用谓语形式；如果句子中并不缺谓语，则用非谓语形式。所以在解题过程中，首先必须明白非谓语动词虽然与动词有关，但它们都不是谓语动词。其次，必须培养识别英语句子谓语的能力，因为命题人经常就一些多义词、多性(词性)词，尤其是熟词生义设置题目，增加句式结构的复杂性和干扰性，从而导致考生理解失误，不能正确地划分句子主干，继而造成失分。[例1]Astudyoftravelers(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.[分析]conducted本题存在一词多义、一词多性的特征，由于不能找到正确的谓语动词，考生容易误填wasconducted或wereconducted。因name的常见词性为名词，考生会将题干中的“names”误认为是名词name的复数形式。其实，在本题中，name为谓语动词，意为“选定；指定”，因主语“Astudyoftravelers(一项关于游客的研究)”是第三人称单数，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式names。找到谓语之后，可轻松推知此处应填非谓语动词，再由“study”与“conduct”之间是被动关系，可知应填过去分词作后置定语。2．寻找逻辑主语，确定逻辑主语与所给动词之间的关系非谓语动词虽然不能作谓语，但仍具有动词的特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就是逻辑主语。分析非谓语动词与其逻辑主语(逻辑上的动作执行者)之间是主动关系还是被动关系(也就是看其逻辑主语是动作的发出者还是承受者)。如果逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是主谓关系，则用现在分词形式。如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，则用过去分词形式。但是当含有被动意义时，如果非谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则用动词不定式的被动式；如果非谓语动词表示的动作正在进行，则用现在分词形式的被动式。[例2]Theproducercomesregularlytocollectthecameras(return)toourshopforqualityproblems.[分析]returned句意：生产厂商定期来收集因质量问题而被退回到我们商店的相机。句中已有谓语动词comes，因此设空处应为非谓语动词形式；且动词return与其逻辑主语thecameras之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语，故填returned。3．分析所给动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作发生的先后顺序非谓语动词所发生的时间是一个相对时间，即相对应谓语动词的动作发生的时间而言。非谓语动词的形式不同，所指时间的含义也不同。根据非谓语动词与谓语动词的动作发生的先后顺序确定用一般式还是完成式。如tohavedone,havingdone表示该动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前；tobedoing,doing表示该动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。[例3](work)fortwodays,Stevemanagedtofinishhisreportonschedule.[分析]Havingworked考生容易误认为在句首设题，应填towork表示目的。然而，本题考查的是非谓语动词与谓语动词存在时间先后关系时的用法。并且句中的主语Steve与work之间为主动关系，因此应用现在分词的完成式havingdone。三．非谓语动词作主语和表语的易错点1.不定式作主语时，一般表示具体某一次的动作。若不定式太长，常用it作形式主语而将不定式后置。注意：不定式作表语时：①表示预定要发生的动作；②当主语是aim,purpose,idea,plan,wish,decision,choice等词时，常用不定式作表语；③主语为what引导的名词性从句时，表语多用不定式。Nomatterhowbrightatalkeryouare,therearetimeswhenit’sbettertoremainsilent.Togettherebybikewilltakeushalfanhour.It'sourdutytotakegoodcareoftheold.Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.Mychiefpurposeistopointoutthedifficultiesofthematter.Hiswishistobeadoctorinthefuture.WhatIwanttodomostinseniorhighschoolis(to)improvemyEnglish.(如果前面有实义动词do的形式，作表语的不定式常省略to)动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或习惯性的动作。也可用it作形式主语，动名词作真正的主语放在句末。动名词作表语时相当于名词，用于解释主语的内容。常用于动名词作主语的句型：①It’sawasteoftimedoing...②It’snouse/gooddoing...③Itisuselessdoing...④Thereisnodoing...TravelingalongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience.Ofcourse,enjoyinganicemealwithfriends,whateverweeat,canimpactourspirits.It

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withmostmildcomplaints.It’snousecomplainingwithouttakingaction.Itisnousefishinginthisriver;therearenoneleft.3.V-ed形式不作主语，作表语时常表示主语的状态。Thewindowisbroken.Afterthelongjourney,theyareexhausted.四．非谓语动词作定语时易错点1.不定式作定语①.不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。②.序数词，形容词最高级，thelast,theonly等后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语。③.被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见名词：ability,chance,idea,hope,wish,fact,excuse,promise,attempt,way等。不定式作定语易错点：①不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。②不定式作定语时，当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式使用主动式；③当句子的主语不是不定式的逻辑主语且不定式与所修饰的名词或代词之间是被动关系时，不定式使用被动式。Theplaytobeproducednextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture.Heisalwaysthefirsttoarriveattheschoolandthelasttoleavetheschool.Andthebestwaytostrengthenwillpoweristomakeitintoahabit.Suddenlyagoodideaoccurredtoher,butshecouldn’tfindanypapertowriteon.Haveyougotanythingtobuy?你有什么东西要买吗？(you是buy的执行者)Iwaswatchingtheclockallthroughthemeeting,asIhadatraintocatch．IwanttogotoBeijing.Doyouhaveanythingtobebought?我想去北京。你有什么东西要买吗？(you不是buy的执行者)2.分词作定语①作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词、“being＋过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时，用“being＋过去分词”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成时，用过去分词。②作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示动作已完成，不表被动。TsinghuaUniversity,foundedin1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.Lastnight,thereweremillionsofpeoplewatchingtheopeningceremonyliveonTV.Onreceivingaphonecallfromhiswifesayingshehadafall,Mr.Gordonimmediatelyrushedhomefromhisoffice.Jimhasretired,buthestillremembersthehappytimespentwithhisstudents.Themostcommonerrormadeinhangingpicturesistohangthemtoohigh.Localpeopleinvitedtoattendameetingareverypleasedtosharetheirexperiencesofhospitalservices.五．非谓语动词作定语的解题思路表示被动、完成用过去分词(done)；表示主动、进行用现在分词(doing)；表示被动、进行用beingdone；表示主动、尚未进行用todo；表示被动的动作尚未进行用tobedone。试比较：①Todaytherearemoreairplanescarryingmorepeoplethaneverbeforeintheskies.②Thebridgebuiltin2017wasdesignedbyalocalcompany.③Thebridgebeingbuiltnowwasdesignedbyalocalcompany.④Thebridgetobebuiltnextyearwasdesignedbyalocalcompany.六．非谓语动词作宾语易错点不定式作宾语Thedriverfailedtoseetheothercarintime.Ihappentoknowtheanswertoyourquestion.当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，常用形式宾语itWethinkitquiteimportantforustolearnaforeignlanguagewell.Hefeelsithisdutytohelpthepoor.IfinditdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.V-ing形式作宾语We'reconsideringpayingavisittotheScienceMuseum.Theyonlyallowsmokinginrestrictedareas.七．非谓语动词作宾语补足语易错点1.不定式作宾补不定式作宾补时，宾语和不定式之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，不定式表将来、主动。Ifweexpectpeopletogiveupthehabitofdriving,wemustgivethemanalternativetheycanrelyon.Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.2.现在分词作宾补现在分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系，且强调正在进行的主动动作。IheardTomsinginganEnglishsonginthenextroom.Onthetopofthehill,hecouldseesmokerisingfromthechimneys.3.过去分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see,watch,observe,notice,hear,listen,feel),使役动词(have,make,let,get),find,leave,keep等。Whentheygotthere,theyfoundthehouseburntdown.ThewaitressaskedtheAmericanhowhelikedhissteakcooked.八．特定动词后非谓语动词形式易错点1.只接不定式作宾语的动词：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish；refuse,manage，care,pretend；offer,promise,choose,plan；agree,ask/beg,helpThepoliceofficersdecidedtoconductathoroughandcomprehensivereviewofthecase.Soonthevillagerscouldn'taffordtobuyfoodforthemselves.Imanagedtogetalltheironingdonethismorning.Ipromisetocomeforalongvisit.2.只接动名词作宾语的动词及短语：consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse/pardon；admit,delay/putoff,fancyavoid,miss,keep/keepon,practice；deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate；forbid/avoid,imagine,risk；can’thelp(禁不住),mind,allow/permit,escape考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准避免Thereisnodoubtthattheeventwillattractmorevisitorstoenjoyvisitingthiswonderfulcity.Ialwaysimagineflyinglikeabird.Iavoidworkinginplaceswhicharetoopublic.3.不定式在特定的动词后作宾补的动词(短语)advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,encourage,expect,forbid,force,intend,invite,order,persuade,prefer,require,remind,tell,want,warn,wish,callon,dependon等。Ican'tdecidewhichtobuy.Wedon'tknowhowtoputitintopractice.Mumforbadthemtoplayballinthepublicgarden.He'dmanagedtopersuadeDadtobuyacarforhim.Howcouldyouallowhimtodosomethinglikethat?want,need,require作“需要”讲时，后接V-ing形式，主动形式表达被动含义；（若用不定式则用tobedone）与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得)Mycarneedswashing/tobewashed.Thehousewantspainting/tobepainted.Yourhairneedscutting/tobecut.以下词可接不定式，也可接V-ing形式，意义基本相同：prefer,like,love,start,begin,hate,intend等Iprefergoingtothecinematonight.Iprefertogotothecinematonight.Iintendtorewritethestoryforyoungerchildren.Iintendrewritingthestoryforyoungerchildren.6.接“疑问词＋动词不定式”作宾语。在动词learn,decide,know,wonder,show,teach,tell,understand,explain,advise,findout等词后作宾语。Pleaseshowushowtodothat.Ican’tdecidewhattobuy.Wedon’tknowhowtoputitintopractice.7.接不定式与动名词作宾语意义不同的动词①trytodo尽力做……trydoing试着去做……②meantodo打算做……meandoing意味着……③regrettodo遗憾要去做……regretdoing后悔做过……④remembertodo记得去做……rememberdoing记得做过……⑤forgettodo忘记去做……forgetdoing忘记做了……⑥can'thelp(to)do不能帮忙做某事can’thelpdoing禁不住做某事Lifeisn’tamatch.It’sajourney.Ifyouspendthatjourneyalwaystryingtoimpressothers,you’rewastingyourlife.Itriedreadingthetextwithoutconsultingmydictionary.Ididn'tmeantobotheryou.Whathesaidmeansgoingtherebyair.Don'tforgettoturnoffthelightsbeforeleavingyourclassroom.IstillrememberbeingtakentotheFamenTempleandwhatIsawthere.IrememberedtolockthedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice,butforgottoturnoffthelights.I'mverybusynow,soIcan'thelp(to)cleantheroom.Thegirlcouldn'thelpcryingwhenshesawhermotheragain.8.V-ing形式还可以充当介词的宾语动词作介词的宾语时，要用动名词形式，不能用动词不定式。由“动词＋介词”构成的短语，其后跟动名词作宾语，常见的有：be/getusedto(习惯于)feellike(想要)insiston(坚持)objectto(反对)getdownto(开始认真做某事)devote...to...(致力于……)stickto(坚持)giveup(放弃)等此外，havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth.；havefun(in)doingsth.等句型中也用动名词作宾语。Don’tforgettoturnoffthelightsbeforeleavingyourclassroom.Heenteredthechemistrylabwithoutbeingpermitted.Theauthorbeginshisaccountofthetourintheforestmainlybydescribingvarioussounds.Just

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九．非谓语动词作状语易错点不定式作状语1.作目的状语，可用soasto/inorderto替换，但soasto一般不可置于句首，意为“为了；想要”。DuringtheMid－AutumnFestival,familymembersoftengathertogethertoshareameal,admirethemoonandenjoymooncakes.Todrawmapsproperly,youneedaspecialpen.Heopenedthedoorforthechildrentocomein.2.结果状语，常用于下列结构中：onlytodo(表示意想不到的结果)enoughtodo(足够做……)too...todo...(太……而不能……)；so/such...asto...(如此…以至于…)等。Tomtookataxitotheairport,onlytofindhisplanehighupinthesky.Idrovetotheparkinglotonlytofinditwasfullyparkedwithallkindsofvehicles.Hewassoexcitedastobeunabletospeak.Theiceisthickenoughtowalkon.Thecasewastooheavytobecarriedbyachild.3.原因状语常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋todo”结构中。Iwassurprisedtofindhimhere.They

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areleaving.现在分词作状语分词作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、伴随状况等。为了强调，还可与while,when,once,if,unless等连用。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致。现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。1.表示原因，一般式表示动作与句子谓语动词同时发生；完成式表示动作早于主句动作发生。Standingonthetopofthemountain,Ifeltrelaxed.Havingbeentoldthemeetingwascancelled,Iwenthomeafterwork.2.表示时间，其动作在句子谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生。Whilewaitingforthetrain,IhadalongtalkwithMary.Havingfinishedhishomework,Tomwenttoplaybasketball.3.表示方式或伴随情况，常跟在句子后。Atthebelloftheclass,hecamerunningintotheclassroom.4.表示结果，跟在句后。Theplanecrashed,killingallthepeopleonboard.5.表示条件，置于句首或句末。Workinghard,you'llsucceedoneday.6.表示让步，置于句首或句末。Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillrepeatedthesamemistakes.过去分词作状语过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。1.表示时间Whenaskedherfurtherplans,shesaidthatshewantedtobeanurse.2.表示原因Bornintoapoorfamily,hehadonlytwoyearsofschooling.3.表示条件Iftakenaccordingtothedirections,themedicinehasnosideeffect.4.表示结果Thegirlmetwithanaccident,woundedinthehead..5表示让步Encouragedbyhisparents,hestillhasnoconfidenceinfindingajob.6表示方式或伴随Theoldmangotoffthebed,supportedbyhisson.独立成分作状语有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。generallyspeaking(tobegeneral)一般来说honestly/roughly/strictlyspeaking老实说/大体说/严格说franklyspeaking/tobefrank坦白说judgingfrom/by根据……来判断oconsideration/account考虑到……considering/seeing/given...考虑到……totellthetruth/tobehonest说实话comparedwith/by与……相比tomakethingsworse更糟糕的是十．独立主格结构易错点非谓语动词本身有动词的特性，其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，用独立主格结构表示。独立主格结构作状语1.名词/代词＋形容词/副词/名词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式(主动表被动)Weatherpermitting,theywillgoonanoutingtothebeachtomorrow.Hewaslisteningattentivelyinclass,hiseyesfixedontheblackboard.2.with/without＋名词/代词＋宾语补足语(现在分词/过去分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语)Withalotofdifficultproblemstosettle,thenewly­electedpresidentishavingahardtime.Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhisworkfinished,hegladlyacceptedit.Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoisegoingon.十一．非谓语动词的常用结构have/getsth.doneYou'dbetterhave/getyourcarchecked.makesb./sth.doneThat'saspecialwaytomakemyselfunderstood.make/have/letsb.dosth.Theteachermade/had/letusfinishthehomework.getsb.todosth.Youshouldgetyourparentstohelpyou.find/catchsb.doingsth.Hewasfound/caughtstealingintheshop.findsth.doneHefoundhisroombrokeninto.感官动词（feel,hear,see等）＋sb./sth.+doingsth.Isawhimworkinginthegarden.感官动词（feel,hear,see等）＋sb./sth.+doneDidyouseethebridgewashedawaybytheflood?感官动词（feel,hear,see，notice等）＋sb./sth.+dosth.Inoticedmyteacherentertheclassroom.beworthdoingsth.(主动形式表示被动意义）Thefilmiswellworthseeing.bebusy/occupieddoingsth.I'mbusywritingabook.spendtime/money(in)doingsth.Theyspentthreemonths(in)learningFrench.havedifficulty/trouble/ahardtime(in)doingsth.Wehavenodifficulty(in)findinghishouse.Thereisnopoint(in)doingsth.Thereisnopoint(in)waitingforhimanylonger.havenochoicebuttodosth.Wehavenochoicebuttoturnback.can/coulddonothingbutdosth.Theywereallsotiredthattheycoulddonothingbutyawn.getdowntodoingsth.I'mgoingtogetdowntostudyingEnglishthisterm.高考英语语法【非谓语动词】易错点对点训练30题I.高考真题诊断·单句语法填空1.Mostcollegesnowofferfirst-yearstudentsacoursespecially（design)tohelpthemsucceedacademicallyandpersonally.2.Scientistshaverespondedby（note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集）aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(错觉）thatpopulationsarehigherthantheyactuallyare.3.Modernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive（perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.4.EarthDay,（mark)on22April,isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.5.Forthepast20years,Ihavelivedbythesewords.SoonIwillgraduateandbecomepartoftherealworld.Nervously（face)challenges,IknowIwillwhispertomyselfthetwosimplewords"Beyourself".II.精选典题非谓语动词专题对点训练·单句语法填空6.ShefailedthisEnglishexaminationagain.Thisisbecauseshesometimeshastrouble(pay)attentiontoherstudy.7.Tohissurprise,Jackfoundhisson(dress)asSantaClausonChristmasEve.8.(compare)withthetraditionaltrademode,theydon’thavetospendmoneyinrentingahouse.However,therearestillsomedisadvantagestoonlineshopping.9.Anotherstudent,a15­year­oldgirlfromGuangdong,wasafraidofexams.Shewouldgetveryupsetwiththeexampaper(lie)infrontofher.10.Failing(turn)inyourhomeworkontimewilldirectlyaffectyourgradeforacertaincourse.11.Long(consider)amasterpieceofChineseliterature,thenovelisgenerallyacknowledgedtobethepeakofChinesefiction.12.Once(build),Xiong’anNewAreawillreducetheburdenofBeijingheavily.13.Itisverydifficultforparentstodecidewhether(have)asecondchildornot.14.ThevisitorstoBritainmayfindthemostmarvellousplace(enjoy)thelocalcultureisinatraditionalpub.15.TheYangtzeRiver，(know)inChinaastheChangJiangisthelongestriverinAsiaandthelongestintheworldtoflowentirelywithinonecountry.III.精选典题非谓语动词专题对点训练·单句改错16.Ialsonoticedthattheyalwaysseemedtodresswell,andalwayshadtheirhairandmake­updo.17.Asweallknow,wecanmeetwithvariouschallengesinourlife.Facingwithchallenges,whatshouldwedo？18.Thoughtthathissolutionmightbewrong,Icarefullyanalyzedtheproblemandtriedtoworkitoutinadifferentway.19.Iamwritingtokeepyouinformingofsomethingabouttheseveresituationthattheyarefacedwithpresently.20.Asforme,IamlookingforwardtospendthisprecioustimewithmyfamilybeforeIleaveformycollege.IV.精选典题非谓语动词专题对点训练·短文语法填空Doyoulike21.________(travel)?22.________(stay)healthywhile23.________(travel)canhelptoensureyourtripisahappyandenjoyableone.Herearethetipsyouneed24.________(make)yourtripmucheasier.Makesureyouhavegota25.________(sign)passportandvisa.Also,beforeyougo,fillintheemergencyinformationpageofyourpassport!Maketwocopiesofyourpassportidentificationpage.Thiswillhelpalotifyourpassportis26.________(steal).Leaveonecopyathomewithfriendsorrelatives.Carrytheotherwithyouinaseparateplacefromyourpassport.Readthepublicannouncementsortravelwarningsforthecountriesyouplan27.________(visit).Getyourself28.________(inform)oflocallawsandcustomsofthecountriestowhichyouaretravelling.Leaveacopyofyouritinerary(旅行日程)withfamilyorfriendsathomesothatyoucanbe29.________(contact)incaseofanemergency.Donotacceptpackages30.________(give)fromstrangers.Donotcarrytoomuchmoneyorunnecessarycreditcards.Ifyoumakeenoughpreparations,youwillsucceed.Haveagoodtime!参考答案专题八非谓语动词易错点集锦一．非谓语动词的形式及意义非谓语动词主动语态被动语态意义不定式一般式todotobedone不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生不定式进行式tobedoing不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone不定式的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前现在分词/动名词一般式doingbeingdone其表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生完成式havingdonehavingbeendone其表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生过去分词一般式done与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表完成二．技巧点拨·如何解答非谓语动词题目分析句子结构，辨别“谓语和非谓语”首先判定所给动词是否充当句子的谓语，如果是，就用谓语形式；如果句子中并不缺谓语，则用非谓语形式。所以在解题过程中，首先必须明白非谓语动词虽然与动词有关，但它们都不是谓语动词。其次，必须培养识别英语句子谓语的能力，因为命题人经常就一些多义词、多性(词性)词，尤其是熟词生义设置题目，增加句式结构的复杂性和干扰性，从而导致考生理解失误，不能正确地划分句子主干，继而造成失分。[例1]Astudyoftravelers(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.[分析]conducted本题存在一词多义、一词多性的特征，由于不能找到正确的谓语动词，考生容易误填wasconducted或wereconducted。因name的常见词性为名词，考生会将题干中的“names”误认为是名词name的复数形式。其实，在本题中，name为谓语动词，意为“选定；指定”，因主语“Astudyoftravelers(一项关于游客的研究)”是第三人称单数，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式names。找到谓语之后，可轻松推知此处应填非谓语动词，再由“study”与“conduct”之间是被动关系，可知应填过去分词作后置定语。2．寻找逻辑主语，确定逻辑主语与所给动词之间的关系非谓语动词虽然不能作谓语，但仍具有动词的特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就是逻辑主语。分析非谓语动词与其逻辑主语(逻辑上的动作执行者)之间是主动关系还是被动关系(也就是看其逻辑主语是动作的发出者还是承受者)。如果逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是主谓关系，则用现在分词形式。如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，则用过去分词形式。但是当含有被动意义时，如果非谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则用动词不定式的被动式；如果非谓语动词表示的动作正在进行，则用现在分词形式的被动式。[例2]Theproducercomesregularlytocollectthecameras(return)toourshopforqualityproblems.[分析]returned句意：生产厂商定期来收集因质量问题而被退回到我们商店的相机。句中已有谓语动词comes，因此设空处应为非谓语动词形式；且动词return与其逻辑主语thecameras之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语，故填returned。3．分析所给动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作发生的先后顺序非谓语动词所发生的时间是一个相对时间，即相对应谓语动词的动作发生的时间而言。非谓语动词的形式不同，所指时间的含义也不同。根据非谓语动词与谓语动词的动作发生的先后顺序确定用一般式还是完成式。如tohavedone,havingdone表示该动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前；tobedoing,doing表示该动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。[例3](work)fortwodays,Stevemanagedtofinishhisreportonschedule.[分析]Havingworked考生容易误认为在句首设题，应填towork表示目的。然而，本题考查的是非谓语动词与谓语动词存在时间先后关系时的用法。并且句中的主语Steve与work之间为主动关系，因此应用现在分词的完成式havingdone。三．非谓语动词作主语和表语的易错点1.不定式作主语时，一般表示具体某一次的动作。若不定式太长，常用it作形式主语而将不定式后置。注意：不定式作表语时：①表示预定要发生的动作；②当主语是aim,purpose,idea,plan,wish,decision,choice等词时，常用不定式作表语；③主语为what引导的名词性从句时，表语多用不定式。Nomatterhowbrightatalkeryouare,therearetimeswhenit’sbettertoremainsilent.Togettherebybikewilltakeushalfanhour.It'sourdutytotakegoodcareoftheold.Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.Mychiefpurposeistopointoutthedifficultiesofthematter.Hiswishistobeadoctorinthefuture.WhatIwanttodomostinseniorhighschoolis(to)improvemyEnglish.(如果前面有实义动词do的形式，作表语的不定式常省略to)动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或习惯性的动作。也可用it作形式主语，动名词作真正的主语放在句末。动名词作表语时相当于名词，用于解释主语的内容。常用于动名词作主语的句型：①It’sawasteoftimedoing...②It’snouse/gooddoing...③Itisuselessdoing...④Thereisnodoing...TravelingalongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience.Ofcourse,enjoyinganicemealwithfriends,whateverweeat,canimpactourspirits.It

is

a

waste

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withmostmildcomplaints.It’snousecomplainingwithouttakingaction.Itisnousefishinginthisriver;therearenoneleft.3.V-ed形式不作主语，作表语时常表示主语的状态。Thewindowisbroken.Afterthelongjourney,theyareexhausted.四．非谓语动词作定语时易错点1.不定式作定语①.不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。②.序数词，形容词最高级，thelast,theonly等后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语。③.被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见名词：ability,chance,idea,hope,wish,fact,excuse,promise,attempt,way等。不定式作定语易错点：①不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。②不定式作定语时，当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式使用主动式；③当句子的主语不是不定式的逻辑主语且不定式与所修饰的名词或代词之间是被动关系时，不定式使用被动式。Theplaytobeproducednextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture.Heisalwaysthefirsttoarriveattheschoolandthelasttoleavetheschool.Andthebestwaytostrengthenwillpoweristomakeitintoahabit.Suddenlyagoodideaoccurredtoher,butshecouldn’tfindanypapertowriteon.Haveyougotanythingtobuy?你有什么东西要买吗？(you是buy的执行者)Iwaswatchingtheclockallthroughthemeeting,asIhadatraintocatch．IwanttogotoBeijing.Doyouhaveanythingtobebought?我想去北京。你有什么东西要买吗？(you不是buy的执行者)2.分词作定语①作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词、“being＋过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时，用“being＋过去分词”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成时，用过去分词。②作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示动作已完成，不表被动。TsinghuaUniversity,foundedin1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.Lastnight,thereweremillionsofpeoplewatchingtheopeningceremonyliveonTV.Onreceivingaphonecallfromhiswifesayingshehadafall,Mr.Gordonimmediatelyrushedhomefromhisoffice.Jimhasretired,buthestillremembersthehappytimespentwithhisstudents.Themostcommonerrormadeinhangingpicturesistohangthemtoohigh.Localpeopleinvitedtoattendameetingareverypleasedtosharetheirexperiencesofhospitalservices.五．非谓语动词作定语的解题思路表示被动、完成用过去分词(done)；表示主动、进行用现在分词(doing)；表示被动、进行用beingdone；表示主动、尚未进行用todo；表示被动的动作尚未进行用tobedone。试比较：①Todaytherearemoreairplanescarryingmorepeoplethaneverbeforeintheskies.②Thebridgebuiltin2017wasdesignedbyalocalcompany.③Thebridgebeingbuiltnowwasdesignedbyalocalcompany.④Thebridgetobebuiltnextyearwasdesignedbyalocalcompany.六．非谓语动词作宾语易错点不定式作宾语Thedriverfailedtoseetheothercarintime.Ihappentoknowtheanswertoyourquestion.当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，常用形式宾语itWethinkitquiteimportantforustolearnaforeignlanguagewell.Hefeelsithisdutytohelpthepoor.IfinditdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.V-ing形式作宾语We'reconsideringpayingavisittotheScienceMuseum.Theyonlyallowsmokinginrestrictedareas.七．非谓语动词作宾语补足语易错点1.不定式作宾补不定式作宾补时，宾语和不定式之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，不定式表将来、主动。Ifweexpectpeopletogiveupthehabitofdriving,wemustgivethemanalternativetheycanrelyon.Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.2.现在分词作宾补现在分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系，且强调正在进行的主动动作。IheardTomsinginganEnglishsonginthenextroom.Onthetopofthehill,hecouldseesmokerisingfromthechimneys.3.过去分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see,watch,observe,notice,hear,listen,feel),使役动词(have,make,let,get),find,leave,keep等。Whentheygotthere,theyfoundthehouseburntdown.ThewaitressaskedtheAmericanhowhelikedhissteakcooked.八．特定动词后非谓语动词形式易错点1.只接不定式作宾语的动词：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish；refuse,manage，care,pretend；offer,promise,choose,plan；agree,ask/beg,helpThepoliceofficersdecidedtoconductathoroughandcomprehensivereviewofthecase.Soonthevillagerscouldn'taffordtobuyfoodforthemselves.Imanagedtogetalltheironingdonethismorning.Ipromisetocomeforalongvisit.2.只接动名词作宾语的动词及短语：consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse/pardon；admit,delay/putoff,fancyavoid,miss,keep/keepon,practice；deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate；forbid/avoid,imagine,risk；can’thelp(禁不住),mind,allow/permit,escape考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准避免Thereisnodoubtthattheeventwillattractmorevisitorstoenjoyvisitingthiswonderfulcity.Ialwaysimagineflyinglikeabird.Iavoidworkinginplaceswhicharetoopublic.3.不定式在特定的动词后作宾补的动词(短语)advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,encourage,expect,forbid,force,intend,invite,order,persuade,prefer,require,remind,tell,want,warn,wish,callon,dependon等。Ican'tdecidewhichtobuy.Wedon'tknowhowtoputitintopractice.Mumforbadthemtoplayballinthepublicgarden.He'dmanagedtopersuadeDadtobuyacarforhim.Howcouldyouallowhimtodosomethinglikethat?want,need,require作“需要”讲时，后接V-ing形式，主动形式表达被动含义；（若用不定式则用tobedone）与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得)Mycarneedswashing/tobewashed.Thehousewantspainting/tobepainted.Yourhairneedscutting/tobecut.以下词可接不定式，也可接V-ing形式，意义基本相同：prefer,like,love,start,begin,hate,intend等Iprefergoingtothecinematonight.Iprefertogotothecinematonight.Iintendtorewritethestoryforyoungerchildren.Iintendrewritingthestoryforyoungerchildren.6.接“疑问词＋动词不定式”作宾语。在动词learn,decide,know,wonder,show,teach,tell,understand,explain,advise,findout等词后作宾语。Pleaseshowushowtodothat.Ican’tdecidewhattobuy.Wedon’tknowhowtoputitintopractice.7.接不定式与动名词作宾语意义不同的动词①trytodo尽力做……trydoing试着去做……②meantodo打算做……meandoing意味着……③regrettodo遗憾要去做……regretdoing后悔做过……④remembertodo记得去做……rememberdoing记得做过……⑤forgettodo忘记去做……forgetdoing忘记做了……⑥can'thelp(to)do不能帮忙做某事can’thelpdoing禁不住做某事Lifeisn’tamatch.It’sajourney.Ifyouspendthatjourneyalwaystryingtoimpressothers,you’rewastingyourlife.Itriedreadingthetextwithoutconsultingmydictionary.Ididn'tmeantobotheryou.Whathesaidmeansgoingtherebyair.Don'tforgettoturnoffthelightsbeforeleavingyourclassroom.IstillrememberbeingtakentotheFamenTempleandwhatIsawthere.IrememberedtolockthedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice,butforgottoturnoffthelights.I'mverybusynow,soIcan'thelp(to)cleantheroom.Thegirlcouldn'thelpcryingwhenshesawhermotheragain.8.V-ing形式还可以充当介词的宾语动词作介词的宾语时，要用动名词形式，不能用动词不定式。由“动词＋介词”构成的短语，其后跟动名词作宾语，常见的有：be/getusedto(习惯于)feellike(想要)insiston(坚持)objectto(反对)getdownto(开始认真做某事)devote...to...(致力于……)stickto(坚持)giveup(放弃)等此外，havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth.；havefun(in)doingsth.等句型中也用动名词作宾语。Don’tforgettoturnoffthelightsb