阅读理解推理判断题 - 高考英语 （原卷版）

推理判断题知识点一隐含推断类锁定关键词：根据题干关键词infer（推断），suggest（表明，暗示），conclude（得出结论）,indicate（暗示，象征）,imply（暗示）,assume(假定，设想)迅速确定题型解题指导：浏览选项，首先排除对原文信息简单重复的错误选项抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理：在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围后，要善于抓住关键信息去分析判断；整合全文/段信息进行推断：有时需要在弄懂全文或全段的基础上，整合与题目相关的有效信息去进行综合推断，才能确定最佳选项。无论哪种推断形式必须立足原文，避免主观臆断。【真题典例】（2023年新高考I卷B篇）“Ecologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.“LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor,”hesays.“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.”27.WhatisthebasisforJohn’swork?A.Naturecanrepairitself. B.Organismsneedwatertosurvive.C.LifeonEarthisdiverse. D.Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.知识点二观点态度类锁定关键词：根据题干中表达情感的形容词、副词、动词或介词短语等，如attitude（态度），outstanding（优秀的，突出的），disagree（不同意），hopefully（有希望的）,against（反对）,infavorof（赞成）,迅速确定题型。解题指导：认真审题，明确“谁对谁”的态度，明确答题方向关注段落首尾句，推断文章和段落主题，确定观点注意作者或文中人物的措辞分析修饰语和字里行间所隐含的意思，切忌用自己观点代替作者或文中人物的观点；牢记观点态度的常见词语观点态度例词支持肯定positive(积极的)、supportive(支持的)、optimistic(乐观的)humorous(幽默的)、enthusiastic(热情的)、pleasant(愉快的)；中立neutral(中立的)、objective(客观的)、notmentioned(未提及的)、uninterested(不感兴趣的)、indifferent(漠不关心的)；否定反对negative(否定的)、suspicious/skeptical(怀疑的)、disgusted(憎恶的)critical(批评的)、disappointed(失望的)、disapproving(不赞成的)。【真题典例】（2023年新高考II卷D篇）Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudentstheresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn’tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.”Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremainthepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.15.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardNavajas’studies?A.Unclear. B.Dismissive. C.Doubtful. D.Approving.知识点三写作意图类锁定关键词：根据题干关键词purpose（目的），intendto（打算），wanttotellus...（想要告诉我们），writethispassageto（写这篇文章为了）迅速确定题型。解题指导：根据文章或段落主旨推断作者写作意图；根据文体推断写作意图记叙文：通常会在首段或尾段出现高度概括性语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有叙述都围绕该哲理展开（totellastory,toentertainreaders,toshareanexperience...）；应用文：文章常对某事物或服务进行详细介绍，使用具有明显倾向性的语言（tosell,toattract,topersuade,topromote...）说明文：其写作意图依赖于对文章主题句的把握，应找准主题句（tointroduce,toexplain,toinform,tomakecomparisons...）；议论文：一般开头提出某论点，中间进行论证，最后得出结论，写作意图常隐含于最后一部分中。【真题典例】（2023年新高考II卷B篇）OvertheyearsJohnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.26.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?A.ToreviewJohn’sresearchplans. B.ToshowanapplicationofJohn’sidea.C.TocompareJohn’sdifferentjobs. D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn’sinvention.知识点四文章出处或写作对象类锁定关键词：根据设题方式迅速确定题型:Thispassagewouldbemostlikelytobefoundin．Thepassageisprobablytakenfrom．Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?Whichsectionofamagazineisthispassageprobablytakenfrom?Thetextisintendedfor．解题指导：根据文章的话题和细节确定文章出处或写作对象根据文章的体裁和内容判断文章的中心话题广告：语言简洁鲜明，有亮点；报刊：时事性强，分不同板块，高考中常以政治、生活的话题为主；杂志：覆盖生活各个层面，更贴近幕后，更贴近生活；产品说明书：对某产品的功能特色及操作方式等做出介绍；药品说明：说明药品的服用时间、次数、药量、禁忌等；网络：文体不限，找到clickhere，download，up­load，link，mouse,surf等网络标志【真题典例】1.（2023年新高考II卷C篇）ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook,representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.Theimageofthereaderappearsthroughouthistory,inartmadelongbeforebooksaswenowknowthemcameintobeing.Inartists’representationsofbooksandreading,weseemomentsofsharedhumanitythatgobeyondcultureandtime.Inthis“bookofbooks,”artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool,withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.8.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Anintroductiontoabook. B.Anessayontheartofwriting.C.Aguidebooktoamuseum. D.Areviewofmodernpaintings.（2023年新高考I卷A篇）GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiteratureGradingScale90-100,A;80-89,B;70-79,C;60-69,D;Below60,E.Essays(60%)Yourfourmajoressayswillcombinetoformthemainpartofthegradeforthiscourse:Essay1=10%;Essay2=15%;Essay3=15%;Essay4=20%.21．Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A．Atextbook. B．Anexampaper. C．Acourseplan. D．Anacademicarticle.考向一隐含推断题（2023届福建省厦门一中高三二模试题C篇）Toomuchtimespentongaming,smartphonesandwatchingtelevisionislinkedtoheightenedlevelsanddiagnoses(诊断)ofanxietyordepressioninchildrenasyoungasage2,accordingtoanewstudy.WhatdoweknowaboutTwengeandCampbell’sstudyaccordingtoparagraph2?A．Itrequiresfurtherresearch.B．Itbringschildrenlesscomfort.C．Itneedsgreaterabilitytofinish.D．Itgeneratesmorepublicconcern.考向二观点态度题Therearetimeswhenyouareatacriticalcrossroadswithastudentandtheroadyouchoosewillmakeallthedifference.Iknewatthatmomenttherightthingtodowastokneeldownnexttoherchair,andsoftlysay,“You’reright,Laura.Ihaveusedmywordsunwiselyandunkindly.Willyouforgiveme?”Shelookedmeintheeyeandsimplysaid,“Yes,Iforgiveyou,Mrs.Ekre.I’msorry,too.”Whichwordscanbestdescribethewriter?A．Caringbutstubborn. B．Tolerantandopen-minded.C．Strictandchangeable. D．Sincereandflexible.考向三写作意图题（2023届湖南省九校联盟第二次联考英语试题）“Howbeautifulthejasmine(茉莉花)is!Asweetsmellcoversthebuddingtwigs.Sofragrant,sowhite,admiredbyalllips.”ThefamedChinesefolksongJasmineFlowerhasreachedaglobalaudiencewithitsbeautifulmelodyandlyrics.EquallypopularisthetraditionallymadeJasminetea,whoseelegantfragranceandmellowtastefascinatecountlessteadrinkers.Whatistheauthor’spurposeofquotingthesongJasmineFlower?A．Totellusnottoneglectthesong.B．Toshowthepopularityofthesong.C．Tointroducethetopic—Jasminetea.D．ToclarifytheoriginofJasminetea.考向四文章出处或写作对象题（2023届湖北省华中师范大学附中二检试题）●HowtoEnter:1.Selecthowmanyimagesyouwanttoenter.2.Followthecheck-outprocesstopaytheentryfee.3.Selectyourimagesandupload;clickheretostart.Ifpossible,pleasenameeachimagewithyournameandthecategoryyouaresubmittinglikethis:“FirstName-LastName-Category.jpg”●Deadline:March31,2023Wherecanyouseethistextprobably?A．Inaphotographymagazine. B．InaphotographyguidebookC．Onawebsite. D．InaniPhonemanualbook.（2023年新高考I卷A篇）WhyMacBikeMacBikehasbeenaroundforalmost30yearsandisthebiggestbicyclerentalcompanyinAmsterdam.Withover2,500bikesstoredinourfiverentalshopsatstrategiclocations,wemakesurethereisalwaysabikeavailableforyou.Weofferthenewestbicyclesinawidevariety,includingbas