2025年高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练专题04 阅读理解主旨大意题（解析版）

专题04阅读理解主旨大意题目录题型综述 2解题攻略 3题型01文章大意题 3题型02段落大意题 5题型03标题归纳题 7高考练场 9题型简介主旨大意题主要考查考生对文章中心思想或段落大意的归纳、概括和总结能力。它要求考生能够理解文章的整体结构和主要内容，把握作者的写作意图。这种题型在高考英语阅读中占有重要地位，因为它能体现考生对文章全局的把握，是一种高层次的阅读理解能力考查。一般来说，每篇阅读理解文章都会涉及至少一道主旨大意题，或者与主旨相关的题目，如最佳标题题等。主旨大意题的设问方式多样，位置通常在文章后的题目开头或结尾部分，但也可能出现在中间位置。命题类型文章主旨题：这类题目要求概括整篇文章的中心思想。例如，“What'sthemainideaofthepassage?”或者“Thepassageismainlyabout...”。答案选项通常是对文章核心内容的综合表述，涵盖了文章多个段落的要点信息。段落主旨题：主要针对文章中的某一个段落，考查考生对该段落中心内容的理解。如“What'sthemainpointofthethirdparagraph?”。答案往往是该段落主题句的同义替换或者对段落细节信息的概括。最佳标题题：要求考生从选项中选择一个最适合文章的标题。像“Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?”。标题要能够准确地反映文章的主题，并且具有吸引力，同时还要简洁明了，避免范围过大或过小。解题思路寻找主题句法位置判断：主题句在文章中的位置通常有一定规律。大部分情况下，主题句出现在文章的开头部分，开门见山地阐述文章主旨；有些文章主题句在结尾，起到总结全文的作用；还有少数文章主题句在中间，需要结合上下文来判断。特点把握：主题句一般具有概括性强、涵盖范围广的特点，能够准确地表达文章或者段落的核心内容。例如，在一篇讲述环境保护措施的文章中，开头的主题句可能是“Variouseffectivemeasureshavebeentakentoprotecttheenvironmentinrecentyears.”。归纳法细节整合：如果文章没有明显的主题句，就需要对文章的细节信息进行归纳总结。把各个段落的主要内容提炼出来，寻找它们的共同点或者关联点，从而概括出文章的主旨。注意事项：在归纳过程中，要避免遗漏重要信息，同时也要排除那些只涉及部分内容的选项。比如，一篇文章分别介绍了科技对教育、医疗和交通的积极影响，归纳主旨时就要涵盖这三个方面，不能只强调其中一个领域。关注关键词法高频词识别：注意文章中反复出现的关键词。这些关键词往往与文章的主题密切相关。例如，一篇文章多次出现“AI（人工智能）”“machinelearning（机器学习）”“bigdata（大数据）”等词汇，那么文章主旨很可能是关于人工智能技术及其相关应用的。同义替换词注意：同时还要留意与这些关键词意思相近的表达，它们也有助于确定文章主旨。比如，除了“AI”之外，还出现了“artificialintelligencetechnology”等表达。命题方式【常见考法】主旨大意题经常使用的提问方式有：1)Whatisthetextmainlyabout?2)Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?3)Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?4)What'sthefirst/second/third....paragraphmainlyabout?5)What'sthemainideadiscussedinthefirst/second/third/..paragraph?题型01段落大意题一、常见设问方式WhatdoestheauthortellusinParagraph...?Themainideaofthesecondparagraphprobablyis________.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout________.WhichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizePara.1?Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?二、首尾兼顾法寻找主题句：1.段首段尾：段首--主题句多为段首一两句(观点或对象)；段尾--主题句也常为段尾句(结论或总结)。2.段中：主题句有时在段中(前面的话是为引出主题）。3.无主题句：有时没有主题句，需根据段落内容自己概括。(山东师范大学附属中学2024~2025学年高三12月月考英语试题)Peopleusuallywashtheirproducebeforeeatingtoremoveresidue(残留物)frompesticides.Butareyourfruitsandvegetablesreallycleanenoughtoeat?Now14-year-oldSirishSubashfromGeorgiahaswonthe20243MYoungScreentestChallengeforinventinganAI-basedhandheldpesticidedetectorthatisveryaccurateindetectingpesticideresidue.Nowinits17thyear,thecompetitionsupportsmiddleschoolstudentstothinkcreativelyandapplySTEMprinciplestodiscoverrealworld-solutions.Whenthefinalistsarechosen,theyarepairedwitha3Mscientistwhomentorsthemoverthesummertohelptaketheirideasfromjustconceptstomodels.Sirish’sjourneytowinningtheawardcamefromwatchinghismotherwashingvegetablesandfruitsandcautioninghimalwaysdoso.Hewonderedwhetherwashingactuallymadeadifference.SincepesticideresiduesarelinkedtoillnesseslikecancerandAlzheimers’s,it’sveryimportanttoknowifthefruitsandvegetablesaresafe.That’showPestiSCANDisdesigned.Thedeviceworksbyshininglightonthesurfaceoftheproduceandmeasuringthe.wavelengthsthatbounceback.PestiSCANDusesasensorandAI-basedprocessortoachieveanaccuracyofover85percent.Sirishtestedthedeviceonmorethan12,000foodsamplesincludingstrawberries,apples,andtomatoes.Sirishaimsonmakingthistechnologywidelyaccessiblesothatconsumerswillbeabletomakesafefoodchoices.Buthestillbelievesyoushouldwashyourproduceanyway.Heplanstousethe$25,000prizefromthecompetitiontohelpfundhiseducationalgoalofattending.MIT.“Thisyear’sYoungScientistChallengefinalistshavedemonstratedanincredibleabilitytodevelopcreativesolutionstosomeoftheworld’smostpressingchallenges,”TorieClarke,EVPandchiefpublicaffairsofficerat3M,saidinthepressrelease.“Iambeyondimpressedandinspiredbytheirintelligenceandtheirscientificminds.”6.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlyfocuson?A.Thedesignprocess. B.Thewideapplication.C.Theworkingprinciple. D.Thetheoreticalfoundation.【答案】6.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要说明了来自乔治亚州的14岁的SirishSubash发明了一种基于人工智能的手持式农药检测器，在检测农药残留方面非常准确，赢得了2024年3M青年筛检挑战赛。【6题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段“Thedeviceworksbyshininglightonthesurfaceoftheproduceandmeasuringthe.wavelengthsthatbounceback.PestiSCANDusesasensorandAI-basedprocessortoachieveanaccuracyofover85percent.Sirishtestedthedeviceonmorethan12,000foodsamplesincludingstrawberries,apples,andtomatoes.(该装置的工作原理是将光照射在农产品表面并测量其质量。反射回来的波长。PestiSCAND使用传感器和基于人工智能的处理器来实现超过85%的精度。Sirish对包括草莓、苹果和西红柿在内的12000多种食物样本进行了测试)”可知，第4段的重点是工作原理。故选C。题型02文章大意题一、提问方式What’sthemainidea/pointofthepassage?Thepassageismainlyabout________.Thepassageismainlyconcernedabout________.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainidea/themeofthepassage?Inthispassagetheauthordiscussesprimarily________.Thesubjectdiscussedinthistextis________.Thegeneral/mainideaofthepassageisabout________.二、主旨大意归纳法：1.略读法：读文章标题；读首尾段落；读段落首尾句；留意表句段关系的关联词之后的内容。2.文体法：新闻报道、议论文和说明文--主题句在首段；记叙文、议论文--主题句一般在尾段。3.词语法：在文中出现频率较高的主题词。4.概括法：无主题句的文章，需读者自己概括大意。✱找主题句的技巧：1.段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however,but,infact,actually等)时，该句很可能是主题句。2.首段出现疑问句时，对该问句的回答很可能就是文章主旨。3.作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。4.表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore,thus,inshort,conclude,conclusion等词，通常是主旨。(安徽省卓越联盟2024-2025学年高三上学期11月期中考试英语试题)Googleisconsideringchargingforartificialintelligence(AI)-poweredsearchinwhatwouldbethebiggestchangeofitsbusinessmodelsinceitwasfounded.Thelargesearchcompany,whichisownedbyAlphabet,hasneverbeforeputanyofitskeyproductsbehindapaywall.However,bossesareconsideringchargingfornewadvancedsearchfeaturespoweredbyAI.ThecompanyisdealingwithhowtomakeuseoftheAItechnologywithoutthreateningitsadvertising-fundedbusinessmodel.TherearefearsthattheinventionofAIchatbots(聊天机器人)willweakensearchenginessuchasGooglebyallowingpeopletoaskfortheinformationtheyrequireratherthansearchingforit.Thiswouldrob(掠夺)Googleofthevaluabledataitcollectsfromusers.ItsleadersarenowreportedlyweighingupwhethertoputAI-poweredsearchfeaturesbehindapaywallinawaythatwouldallowittotakeadvantageofthenewtechnologywithoutcompetingwithitscoresearchengine.AlphabetislookingatputtingAI-poweredsearchintoitsadvancedsubscriptionservices.Engineersarereportedlydevelopingthefunctionalityneededforthechangesbuttheleadershavenotmadeadecisiononwhetherorwhentobegintheplan.Undertheplansbeingconsidered,Google’ssearchenginewouldremainfree.AspokesmanofAlphabetsaid:“We’renotworkingonorconsideringanad-freesearchexperience.We’llgoonbuildingnewcapabilitiesandservicestoenhanceoursubscriptionofferingsacrossGoogle.”Thespokesmanadded:“Foryears,we’vebeenreinventingSearchtohelppeopleaccessinformationinthewaythat’smostnaturaltothem.WithourgenerativeAIexperimentsinSearch,we’vealreadyservedbillionsofqueries(询问).Wewillkeeprapidlyimprovingtheproducttoservenewuserneeds.”Lastyear,Google’sincomefromsearchandadvertisingmadeupmorethanhalfofitstotalsales.Thecompanywascaughtflat-footedbythehugesuccessofChatGPT,whichhasbeenbackedbyitscompetitorMicrosoft.GooglelauncheditsownAIchatbot,Gemini,inresponsebutthetechnologyreceivedalotofcomplaintsforplacingstressondiversityandharmlessanswersinsteadofaccuracy.LaterGooglestoppedthetool’sabilitytodrawpicturesandapologized.11.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthetext?A.Thecompetitionamongtechnologycompanies.B.Google’snewsearchengine.C.TheimportanceofAItechnology.D.AchangeinGoogle’sbusinessmodel.【答案】11.D【解析】【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章主要讲述了谷歌考虑对其AI搜索功能收费以适应AI发展的商业策略变化。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Googleisconsideringchargingforartificialintelligence(AI)-poweredsearchinwhatwouldbethebiggestchangeofitsbusinessmodelsinceitwasfounded.(谷歌正在考虑对人工智能（AI）搜索收费，这将是该公司成立以来对其商业模式的最大改变)”并结合文章主要介绍了谷歌考虑对人工智能驱动的搜索收费，以及这一变化可能对其商业模式的影响，故本文主要是关于谷歌商业模式的改变，D选项“谷歌商业模式的改变”符合题意。故选D。题型03标题归纳题一、提问方式Thebesttitleofthepassageis________.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?Themostappropriatetitleofthepassageis______.二、文章标题四大特性：1.概括性：概括全文，体现主旨；2.针对性：内涵相符，范围一致；

3.新颖性：新颖奇特，吸引眼球；4.简短性：名词短语,动名词短语或祈使句。文章标题干扰项特点：断章取义(仅为文中一细节)；以偏概全；离题太远。(2024-2025学年高三上学期湖北省市级示范高中智学联盟12月月考英语试题)Cuttingbackonanimalproteininourdietscansaveonresourcesandgreenhousegasemissions.Butconvincingmeat-lovingconsumerstoswitchuptheirmenuisachallenge.Lookingatthisproblemfromamechanicalengineeringangle,Stanfordengineersarepioneeringanewapproachtofoodtexture(n.质地，纹理)testingthatcouldpavethewayforartificialsteaksthatfoolevencommittedmeatlovers.InanewpaperinScienceofFood,theteamdemonstratedthatacombinationofmechanicaltestingandmachinelearningcandescribefoodtexturewithstrikingsimilaritytohumantastetesters.Suchamethodcouldspeedupthedevelopmentofbetterplant-basedmeats.Theteamalsofoundthatsomeplant-basedproductsarealreadypresentingthetextureofthemeatsthey’reimitating.“Wewere’surprisedtofindthattoday’splant-basedproductscanreproducethewholetextureofanimalmeats,”saidEllenKuhl,professorofmechanicalengineeringandseniorauthorofthestudy.Meatsubstituteshavecomealongwayfromwhentofuwastheonlyoption,sheadded.Industrialanimalagriculturecontributestoclimatechange,pollution,habitatloss,andsoon.Thatburdenontheplanetcanbeeasedbyexchanginganimalproteinsforplantproteinsindiets.Onestudyestimatedthatplant-basedmeats,onaverage,havehalftheenvironmentalimpactasanimalmeat.Butmanymeateatersarereluctanttochange;onlyaboutathirdofAmericansinonesurveyindicatedtheywere“verylikely”tobuyplant-basedalternatives.“Peoplelovemeat,”saidSkylerSt.Pierre,aPhDstudentinmechanicalengineeringandleadauthorofthepaper.“Ifwewanttoconvincethemeateatersthatalternativesareworthtrying,thecloserwecanimitateanimalmeatwithplant-basedproducts,themorelikelypeoplemightbeopentotryingsomethingnew.”Tosuccessfullyimitateanimalmeat,foodscientistsanalyzethetextureofplant-basedmeatproducts.Unfortunately,traditionalfoodtestingmethodsarenotstandardizedandtheresultsarerarelymadeavailabletoscienceandtothepublic,saidSt.Pierre.Thismakesitharderforscientiststocreatenewrecipesforalternatives.35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthearticle?A.FoodTesting:AKeytoMeatRevolution.B.PlantorMeat?That’saquestion.C.NewTechinOurDailyFood.D.Plant-basedmeat:TheNewFashionontheTable.【答案】35.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了斯坦福大学工程师从机械工程角度出发，采用机械测试与机器学习相结合的新方法进行食品质地测试，旨在开发出能媲美真肉质地的人造牛排，以推动植物基肉类的发展，缓解因畜牧业对环境造成的压力，同时提及该研究的背景、新方法的优势、面临的挑战及意义等内容。【35题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“InanewpaperinScienceofFood,theteamdemonstratedthatacombinationofmechanicaltestingandmachinelearningcandescribefoodtexturewithstrikingsimilaritytohumantastetesters.Suchamethodcouldspeedupthedevelopmentofbetterplant-basedmeats.Theteamalsofoundthatsomeplant-basedproductsarealreadypresentingthetextureofthemeatsthey’reimitating.(在《食品科学》的一篇新论文中，该团队证明，机械测试和机器学习的结合可以描述与人类味觉测试仪惊人相似的食物质地。这种方法可以加快更好的植物性肉类的开发。该团队还发现，一些植物性产品已经呈现出他们模仿的肉类的质地)”以及文章内容可知，文章核心围绕斯坦福大学开发的新食品质地测试方法展开，该方法对植物基肉类发展意义重大，可能引发肉类领域的变革，所以“食品检测：肉类革命的关键”适合作文章标题。故选A项。题型01段落大意题(2024年新课标高考英语I卷B篇)B“Iamnotcrazy,”saysDr.WilliamFarber,shortlyafterperformingacupuncture(针灸)onarabbit.“Iamaheadofmytime.”Ifheseemsalittledefensive,itmightbebecauseevensomeofhiscoworkersoccasionallylaughathisunusualmethods.ButFarberiscertainhe’llhavethelastlaugh.He’soneofasmallbutgrowingnumberofAmericanveterinarians(兽医)nowpracticing“holistic”medicine–combiningtraditionalWesterntreatmentswithacupuncture,chiropractic(按摩疗法)andherbalmedicine.Farber,agraduateofColoradoStateUniversity,startedoutasamoreconventionalveterinarian.Hebecameinterestedinalternativetreatments20yearsagowhenhesufferedfromterriblebackpain.Hetriedmuscle-relaxingdrugsbutfoundlittlerelief.Thenhetriedacupuncture,anancientChinesepractice,andwasamazedthatheimprovedaftertwoorthreetreatments.Whatworkedonaveterinarianseemedlikelytoworkonhispatients.So,afterstudyingthetechniquesforacoupleofyears,hebeganofferingthemtopets.LeighTindale’sdogCharliehadaseriousheartcondition.AfterCharliehadaheartattack,Tindalesays,shewaspreparedtoputhimtosleep,butFarber’streatmentseasedherdog’ssufferingsomuchthatshewasabletokeephimaliveforanadditionalfivemonths.AndPriscillaDewingreportsthatherhorse,Nappy,“movesmoreeasilyandridesmorecomfortably”afterachiropracticadjustment.Farberiscertainthattheholisticapproachwillgrowmorepopularwithtime,andifthepastisanyindication,hemayberight:Since1982,membershipintheAmericanHolisticVeterinaryMedicalAssociationhasgrownfrom30toover700.“Sometimesitsurprisesmethatitworkssowell,”hesays.“Iwilldoanythingtohelpananimal.That’smyjob.”26.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Stepsofachiropractictreatment.B.Thecomplexityofveterinarians’work.C.Examplesofrareanimaldiseases.D.Theeffectivenessofholisticmedicine.【答案】26.D【导语】本文是记叙文。文章讲述兽医威廉·法伯(WilliamFarber)博士在从针灸中受益后，将综合医疗应用于动物，并取得了初步成效。26.主旨大意题。根据第三段内容“LeighTindale’sdogCharliehadaseriousheartcondition.AfterCharliehadaheartattack,Tindalesays,shewaspreparedtoputhimtosleep,butFarber’streatmentseasedherdog’ssufferingsomuchthatshewasabletokeephimaliveforanadditionalfivemonths.AndPriscillaDewingreportsthatherhorse,Nappy,“movesmoreeasilyandridesmorecomfortably”afterachiropracticadjustment.(利·廷代尔的狗查理患有严重的心脏病。廷代尔说，查理心脏病发作后，她准备让他进入睡眠状态，但法伯的治疗大大减轻了她的狗的痛苦，她能够让它多活五个月。普里西拉·杜因(PriscillaDewing)报告说，她的马纳皮(Nappy)经过脊椎按摩调整后，“行动更容易，乘车更舒服”。)”可知，本段主要讲述了两个例子，一个是Farber通过整体医学方法帮助了患有严重心脏病的狗Charlie，另一个是马Nappy在接受脊椎按摩治疗后移动和骑行更为舒适。这些例子都是为了说明整体医学的有效性。故选D。题型02文章大意题(2024年新课标高考英语II卷C篇)Weallknowfreshisbestwhenitcomestofood.However,mostproduceatthestorewentthroughweeksoftravelandcoveredhundredsofmilesbeforereachingthetable.Whilefarmer’smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.BMFisanindoorgardensystem.Itcanbesetupforafamily.Additionally,itcouldservealargeraudiencesuchasahospital,restaurantorschool.Theinnovativedesignrequireslittleefforttoachieveareliableweeklysupplyoffreshgreens.Specifically,it’safarmthatreliesonnewtechnology.ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,BMFisremotelymonitored.Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemisautomated,itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil,thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.Afterharvest,userssimplyreplacetheplantswithanewpre-seededpod(容器)togetthenextgrowthcyclestarted.Moreover,havingasysteminthesamebuildingwhereit’seatenmeanszeroemissions(排放)fromtransportingplantsfromsoiltosalad.Inaddition,there’snoneedforpesticidesandotherchemicalsthatpollutetraditionalfarmsandthesurroundingenvironment.BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,”saidaBMFemployee.11.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.BMF’smajorstrengths. B.BMF’sgeneralmanagement.C.BMF’sglobalinfluence. D.BMF’stechnicalstandards.【答案】11.A【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Whilefarmer’smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.(虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至缩短了旅程)”、第三段“ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,BMFisremotelymonitored.Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemisautomated,itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil,thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.(通过云连接，对BMF进行远程监控。此外，还有一个方便的应用程序可以实时提供不断增长的数据。由于该系统是自动化的，因此大大减少了种植植物所需的水量。该系统不是给一排排土壤浇水，而是为每株植物提供合适的水量)”以及最后一段“BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,”saidaBMFemployee.(BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。故选A。题型03标题归纳题(2024年全国高考英语甲卷B篇)Animalscanexpresstheirneedsusingalotofways.Forinstance,almostallanimalshavedistinctvocals(声音)thattheyrelyontoeitheraskforhelp,scareawayanydangerousanimalsorlookforshelter.Butcatsarespecialcreatureswhopossessamazingvocalizationskills.Theyareabletohaveentireconversationswithhumansusingmeowsandyou'reabletointerpretit.Ifapetcatishungry,itwillkeepmeowingtoattractattentionandfindfood.However,whenacatislookingforaffection,theytendtoproducestretchedandsoftmeows.Meowingstartsassoonasababycatisbroughttolifeandusesittogetthemother'sattentionandbefed.Catshavemanyheightenedsenses,buttheirsenseofsmellisquiteimpressive.Theyusetheirnosestoassesstheirenvironmentandlookoutforanysignsofdanger.Theywillsniffoutspecificareasbeforetheychooseaplacetorelax.However,anotherwaythecatsareabletodistinguishbetweensituationsisbylookingforfamiliarsmells.Yourcatwilllikelysmellyourfaceandstorethesmellinitsmemoryanduseittorecognizeyouinthefuture.That'swhymostpetcatsareabletotellimmediatelyiftheirownerswerearoundanyothercats,whichtheydon'tusuallylike.Dogsareknownfortheirimpressivefetchinghabit,butcatstakethisbehaviorupanotch.Manycatswillfindrandomobjectsoutsideandbringthemtotheirowners.Thisisaveryoldhabitthat'sbeenpresentinallkindsofpredators(食肉动物).Catsbringgiftsfortheirownerstoshowtheyloveyou.Theseadorablelittlehuntersarejustdoingsomethingthatit'sbeenintheirnaturesincethebeginningoftime.Sojustgoalongwithit!7.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TipsonFindingaSmartCat B.UnderstandingYourCat'sBehaviorC.HaveFunwithYourCat D.HowtoKeepYourCatHealthy【答案】7.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了猫通过叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物来表达需求、评估环境和展示爱意。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Animals

can

express

their

needs

using

a

lot

of

ways.(动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求。)”及全文可知，文章都在介绍和解释猫的各种行为方式，包括叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物的习惯，以及这些行为背后的原因和意义。所以“UnderstandingYourCat’sBehavior(了解你的猫的行为)”作文文章标题最为合适。故选B。A（24-25高三上·安徽合肥·阶段练习）Ifirstsawtheearth—thewholeearthfromtheshuttleChallengerin1984.Theviewtakesyourbreathawayandfillsyouwithchildlikewonder.That’swhyeveryshuttlecrewhastocleannoseprintsofftheirspaceraft’swindowsseveraltimesaday.Anincrediblybeautifultapestry(织锦)ofblueandwhite,tan,blackandgreenseemstoglidebeneathyouatanelegant,statelypace.Butyouareactuallygoingsofastthattheentiremapoftheworldspinsbeforeyoureyeswitheach90-minuteorbit.Afterjustoneortwolaps,youfeel,maybeforthefirsttimelikeacitizenofaplanet.Allthecolorsandpatternsyousee—thevisibleevidenceofthecomplexworkingofthenaturalsystemsthatmakeourplanethabitable—seembothvastandprecise,powerfulandyetsomehowfragile.Youseevolcanoesspewingsmoke,hurricanesroilingtheoceansandevenfinetendrils’ofSaharandustreachingacrosstheAtlantic.Youalsoseethebig,graysmudgesoffields,paddiesandpastures,andatnightyoumarvelatthelights,likebrilliantdiamonds,thatrevealamosaicofcities,roadsandcoastlines—impressivesignsofthehandofhumanity.Scientiststellusthatourhandisheavy,thatwearewipingoutofotherspeciesatanunprecedentedrateandprobablytransformingourclimate.Willtheimmensepowerofglobalsystemswithstandtheimpactofhumanity?Orisitpossiblethatourcollectiveactionswillchangethenatureofourplanetenoughtocrippleitsabilitytosupportlife?Inolongerbelievethatwecanwaitforallthescientificdataneededtoanswerthesequestionsconclusively.Wemustrecognizeimmediatelywhatitmeanstobecitizensofthisplanet.Itmeansacceptingtheobligationtobethestewardsoftheearth’slife-givingcapacities.Ashomeowners,wewouldn’tneglectordamageourhousesuntiltheyweren’tfittolivein.Whywouldwedothatwithourplanet?1．WhatdoesthewriterwanttoexpressinParagraph1?A．Theyareawedbytheviewoftheearth. B．Theyarehomesickinthespaceshuttle.C．Theyfeelscaredflyingintheouter-space. D．Theyfeelexcitedtoexploretheuniverse.2．What’sthemainfunctionofParagraph3?A．Providingdataforthewriter’sargument. B．Summarizingthemainideaofthetext.C．Settingthestageforfurtherdiscussion. D．Introducingdifferentideasonhumanimpact.3．Accordingtothelastparagraph,whichofthefollowingstatementdoesthewriteragreewith?A．It’snotclearwhathumanscandotonatureB．Wemustactnowtotakecareofnaturebeforeit’stoolateC．HumanbeingsarenottheonlycreatureoftheearthD．Theearthisstrongenoughtosupportmorelives.4．Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A．AGlimpseofHome B．GoingGreenwithOurEarthC．FlyingtotheFuture D．MyExperienceasanAstronaut【答案】1．A2．C3．B4．A【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要介绍了作者从太空中看到地球的美景和对地球的思考。1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Ifirstsawtheearth—thewholeearthfromtheshuttleChallengerin1984.Theviewtakesyourbreathawayandfillsyouwithchildlikewonder.That’swhyeveryshuttlecrewhastocleannoseprintsofftheirspaceraft’swindowsseveraltimesaday.(我第一次看到地球——整个地球，是从1984年的挑战者号航天飞机上。这景色会让你屏住呼吸，让你充满孩子般的惊奇。这就是为什么每个航天飞机机组人员每天都要清理几次他们的飞船窗户上的鼻印。)”可知，作者第一次从航天飞机上看到地球的全貌时，被地球的美景震撼，充满了童真的惊奇。故选A。2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Youseevolcanoesspewingsmoke,hurricanesroilingtheoceansandevenfinetendrils’ofSaharandustreachingacrosstheAtlantic.(你会看到火山喷出烟雾，飓风在海洋中肆虐，甚至撒哈拉沙漠的尘埃细沙也横跨大西洋。)”可知，第三段描述了地球上发生的灾难，为后续讨论人类应如何保护地球做铺垫。故选C。3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Itmeansacceptingtheobligationtobethestewardsoftheearth’slife-givingcapacities.Ashomeowners,wewouldn’tneglectordamageourhousesuntiltheyweren’tfittolivein.Whywouldwedothatwithourplanet?(它意味着接受成为地球赋予生命的能力的管理者的义务。作为房主，我们不会忽视或损坏我们的房子，直到它们不适合居住。我们为什么要这样对待我们的星球呢？)”可知，作者认为我们要立即认识到作为地球公民的责任，在为时已晚之前保护好我们的星球并保护好自然。故选B。4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“Ifirstsawtheearth—thewholeearthfromtheshuttleChallengerin1984.Theviewtakesyourbreathawayandfillsyouwithchildlikewonder.That’swhyeveryshuttlecrewhastocleannoseprintsofftheirspaceraft’swindowsseveraltimesaday.(我第一次看到地球——整个地球，是从1984年的挑战者号航天飞机上。这景色会让你屏住呼吸，让你充满孩子般的惊奇。这就是为什么每个航天飞机机组人员每天都要清理几次他们的飞船窗户上的鼻印。)”可知，文章主要描述了作者从太空中看到地球的美景和对地球的思考，最好的标题是选项A“AGlimpseofHome(家园一瞥)”。故选A。B（24-25高三上·广东东莞·阶段练习）Ifastrangerofferedyouafreecookie,youmightwelleatit.Butwhatiftheyofferedtoalsogiveyou$2?Youmightpolitelydeclineandwalkawaythinking,“Somethingsmellsfishy.”InastudypublishedinPersonalityandSocialPsychologyBulletin,researchersfoundthatpeopletendtoturndownoffersof“freemoney”(aswellasunusuallyhighsalariesorsuspiciouslycheapservices)becausetheyseem“toogoodtobetrue”.Theresearchbridgeseconomicsandpsychologytoexplainwhyfinancialattractioncanbackfire.Intheinitialexperiment,nearly40percentofparticipantsateacookieofferedfreely,comparedwithabout20percentofthoseoffered$2aswell.“Peopletypicallyimaginethingslikethatsomeonedidsomethingdisgustingtothecookie,”saysstudyleadauthorAndrewJ.Vonasch,apsychologicalscientistatUniversityofCanterburyinNewZealand.Ninefurtherexperiments,involvingmorethan4,000participants,usedonlinequestionnairestopresentothercases.Theseincludedbeingofferedmoneytoacceptaridehome,incrediblyhighconstruction-jobwagesandsurprisinglycheapflights.Ineachcase,pastacertainthreshold(门槛),higherfinancialprofitreducedparticipants’potentialofacceptingtheoffer.Ifsomeoneseemstogoagainstacceptednormssuchasself-interestwithoutexplanation,weassumetheyhavehiddenmotivesandinfertherewillbe“phantomcosts”:imaginedconsequencesthatreducewhatVonaschcallsanoffer’s“psychologicalvalue”.Factorsbeyondthepresentmomentmaycomeintoplay.“Understandingthatothers’perceivedovergenerositymayputusintheirdebtcouldalsohelpexplainpeople’sreluctance,”saysRachelMcCloy,apsychologiststudyingdecision-makingatEngland’sUniversityofReading.“Theoldsaying‘there’snosuchthingasafreelunch’isclearlyaliveandwell.”Anotherexperimentfoundthathighscorersonmeasuresofdistrustinferredmorephantomcosts.Theresearchersalsoshowedhowtoalleviatetheeffect:simplyprovideareasonforthedeal.The“cheapflights”experimentincludedaconditionwheretheseatswererevealedtobeveryuncomfortable.“Uncomfortableseatsaren’ttypicallyasellingpoint,”Vonaschsays.“Buttellingpeopletheseatswereuncomfortablemadethemmorewillingtotakethembecauseitwassufficientexplanation.”5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“backfire”inPara.1mean?A．Resultinanoppositeeffect.B．Boostthesuccessofanoffer.C．Increasetheappealofaproposal.D．Causeapositiveoutcomeunexpectedly.6．Whyisthequote“there’snosuchthingasafreelunch”mentionedbytheauthor?A．Toprovethephantomcosts.B．Topromotegenerosityinsociety.C．Todoubthiddencostsofgenerousoffers.D．Toremindpeopletobecautiousoffreeitems.7．Whathelpsmakethe“cheapflights”moreacce