2025年中国新能源汽车的领先城市报告（英文版）-国际清洁运输理事会

2025MARCHRESEARCHBRIEF2025MARCH©2025INTERNATIONALCOUNCILONCLEANTRANSPORTATION(ID307)LeadingcitiesfornewenergycommercialvehiclesinChinaYidanChuandWenxinYeAddressingemissionsfromcommercialvehiclesisacrucialpartofeffortsinChinatodecreaseairpollutantsandachievenationalcarbon-reductiongoals.Commercialvehiclesaredefinedasbusesandgoodsvehicles,suchastrucksandutilityvehicles,thataremostlyusedforbusinesspurposes.1In2022,commercialvehiclesaccountedformorethan90%ofnitrogenoxide(NOx)emissionsandmorethan60%ofparticulatematter(PM)emissionsfromallmotorvehiclesinChina.2Thelatestdatashowthatcommercialvehiclesmakeup12%ofChina’svehiclepopulationbutareresponsiblefor55%ofcarbonemissionsfromvehicletailpipes.3TheChinesegovernmenthasannouncedatargettoreducethecarbondioxide(CO2)intensity—theemissionsperunitofgrossdomesticproduct—ofthetransportationsectorby5%bytheendof2025,comparedwiththe2020level.4Fleetelectrificationisoneeffectivewaytoreduceemissionsfromcommercialvehicles,andChinesecitiesareattheforefrontindeployingnewenergytechnologies.Thesenewenergytechnologiesincludebatteryelectricvehicles(BEVs),alsoknowninChinaaspureelectricvehicles;plug-inhybridelectricvehicles(PHEVs);andhydrogenfuel-cellelectricvehicles(FCEVs).ThisbrieflooksattheelectrificationprogressbeingmadeinChina,particularlyinthetopcitymarketsfornewenergycommercialvehicles(NECVs),in2023.AllanalysisisbasedonGasgoo’sregistrationdataofcommercialvehiclesproduceddomesticallyinChina.51InChina,thedefinitionofcommercialvehiclesreferstoallmotorvehicleswithfourwheelsormorethatarenotpassengercars.Passengercarsaredefinedasmotorvehicleswithfourwheelsthatcarrypeople,havenomorethannineseats,andhaveamaximumdesignedgrossvehicleweightoflessthanorequalto3,500kg.2MinistryofEcologyandEnvironmentofChina,“中国移动源环境管理年报[ChinaMobileSourceEnvironmentalManagementAnnualReport]”(November17,2023）,/hjzl/sthjzk/ydyhjgl/202312/t20231207_1058460.shtml.3ChinaSocietyofAutomotiveEngineers,商用车碳中和技术路线图1.0[CommercialVehicleCarbonNeutralityTechnologyRoadmap1.0](MechanicalIndustryPress,2024),Foreword.4TheStateCouncilofChina,“2024–2025年节能降碳行动方案[2024–2025EnergyConservationandCarbonReductionActionPlan]”(May29,2024),/zdgz/jj/202405/t20240530_850086.html.5Registrationsofnewvehicles,aproxyforsales,wasobtainedfromGasgoo,RetailDataofCommercialVehiclesProducedinChina,accessedJuly20,2024,/.Acknowledgments:ThankstoHongyangCui,LiuhanziYang,andChangShenfortheirconstructivecommentsonanearlierversionofthispaper.communications@@THEINTERNATIONALCOUNCILTHEINTERNATIONALCOUNCILNCEANTRANSPRTATNOVERALLTRENDSBothsalesandmarketpenetrationofNECVsgrewsubstantiallyin2023,withthetop-performingcitymarketsmakingsignificantcontributionstothisgrowth.RegistrationsofnewNECVsinChinaincreasedby43%,fromabout234,000NECVsin2022tomorethan333,000in2023.NECVpenetrationalsoincreasedto11.3%oftheentirecommercialvehiclemarket,upfrom9.2%in2022(Figure1).ThecitiesofShenzhen,Chengdu,Guangzhou,Chongqing,Beijing,and15othersledthe2023NECVmarketinChinawiththehighestnumbersofnewregistrations,whichcloselyapproximatestonewvehiclesales.The20leadingcitiestogetherrepresented55%ofallNECVsalesin2023,downfrom60%in2022.ThisdecreaseintheshareofNECVregistrationsimpliesthatmorecitiesinChinaaredeployingNECVs.Figure1Top20citiesforregistrationsandmarketpenetrationofnewenergycommercialvehiclesin2022and2023350,000300,000250,000AnnualregAnnualregistrations200,000150,000100,00050,000NewenergymarketpenetrationTop20citiesTop20citiesTop20Top20cities20222023OtherKunmingXiamenWuxiSuzhouNantongJinanShijiazhuangNanjingTangshanHaikouHangzhouTianjinXi’anFoshanWuhanChangshaShanghaiDongguanZhengzhouBeijingChongqingGuangzhouChengduShenzhenTHEINTERNATIONALCOUNCILONCLEANTRANSPORTATIONTHEICCT.ORGThelight-dutysegmentaccountedformostoftheNECVsalesgrowthin2023,aswellasthelargestshareofNEVCregistrations(Figure2).Registrationsoflight-dutyNECVsincreased87%from2022to2023,whileregistrationsofheavy-dutyNECVsdecreased2%.6TheNECVlight-dutysegmentalsoreachedaremarkablyhighlevelofpenetrationintheentirecommercialvehiclemarketat14.2%in2023.Thisisupfrom1.0%in2020,4.4%in2021,and9.4%in2022.ThemarketpenetrationoftheNECVheavy-dutysegment,however,regressedslightly,from8.9%in2022to8.2%in2023.6Thelight-dutysegmentherereferstocommercialvehicleswithagrossvehicleweightof3.5tonnesorbelow,whiletheheavy-dutysegmentreferstocommercialvehicleswithagrossvehicleweightabove3.5tonnes.2ICCTRESEARCHBRIEF|LEADINGCITIESFORNEWENERGYCOMMERCIALVEHICLESINCHINA3ICCTRESEARCHBRIEF|LEADINGCITIESFORNEWENERGYCOMMERCIALVEHICLESINCHINAFigure2Registrationsandmarketpenetrationofnewenergycommercialvehiclesbyweightclassin2022and2023250,000200,000AnnualregAnnualregistrations150,000100,00050,0002023202220222023LightdutyLightdutyHeavydutyTHEINTERNATIONALCOUNCILONCLEANTRANSPORTATIONTHEICCT.ORGLookingatNECVregistrationsbymajorvehiclecategoriesprovidesanotherperspectiveonmarkettrends.Morethan200,000newenergyurbanlogisticsvehicleswereregisteredin2023,a64%increasefrom2022,makingthiscategorythelargestcontributortoNECVgrowth(Figure3).7Thereiswidevariationinthegrossvehicleweight(GVW)ofurbanlogisticsvehicles,butmostproductsregisteredin2023inthiscategorywereconcentratedinthelight-dutysegment.Thispartiallyexplainswhythelight-dutysegmentcontributedmoretooverallNECVmarketperformancein2023,asshowninFigure2.Urbanlogisticsvehiclesalsohadthehighestmarketpenetration,at37.1%,amongallthemajorcommercialvehiclecategoriesin2023,followedbybuses(17.1%)anddumptrucks(11.2%).Roughly36,000newenergybuseswereregisteredin2023,a32%decreasefrom2022.About7,000newenergydumptruckswereregisteredin2023,an8%increasefromthepreviousyear.TheleftpanelofFigure3ranksthemajorvehiclecategoriesbytheirnewenergymarketpenetrationratein2023fromlefttoright.Newenergyutilityvehicles,tractortrucks,generalpurposegoodsvehicles,andpickuptrucksshowedsubstantivegrowthinthenumberofregistrationsin2023,evenastheircorrespondingpenetrationrateinthecommercialvehiclemarketstayedbelow7%.8However,thesefourcategoriesaccountedfor71.6%ofcommercialvehicleregistrationsofallfueltypesin2023(rightpanel).Thus,thelowsalesnumbersofnewenergyvehiclesinthesecategoriesbroughtdowntheoverallmarketpenetrationrateforNECVsin2023.7ThetechnicalrequirementsfortheclassificationofurbanlogisticsdistributionvehiclesisbasedonMinistryofTransport,“StandardNo.:GB/T29912-2013,”accessedOctober10,2024,/bzgk/gb/newGbInfo?hcno=D7259E2788711739EC79B2EF59B174A6.8Utilityvehicles,alsocalledspecialpurposevehiclesinChina,refertoasetoffunctionalvehiclessuchasrefrigeratedtrucks,postofficevehicles,engineeringtrucks,andsanitationvehicles.Generalpurposegoodsvehicles,intheChinesecontext,areopen-orclosed-structurevehiclesusedtotransportcargo.4ICCTRESEARCHBRIEF|LEADINGCITIESFORNEWENERGYCOMMERCIALVEHICLESINCHINAFigure3Registrationsbymajorvehiclecategoriesin2023fornewenergycommercialvehicles(left)andcommercialvehiclesofallfueltypes(right)250,000200,000NECVregNECVregistrations150,000100,00050,000Dumptruck+64%ChangeinDumptruckUrbanlogisticsvehiclePickupUnspecifiedtruckUrbanlogisticsvehiclePickupUnspecifiedtruckUtilityvehicleBusTractortruckUnspecifiedPickuptruck10.9%UnspecifiedGeneralpurposegoodsvehicleTractortruck10.9%Utilityvehicle20.3%DumptruckBus7.0%UrbanBus7.0%UrbanlogisticsvehicleAllcommercialvehicleregistrationsTHEINTERNATIONALCOUNCILONCLEANTRANSPORTATIONTHEICCT.ORGFRONTRUNNERSINCOMMERCIALVEHICLEELECTRIFICATIONThissectionanalyzesthethreecommercialvehiclecategorieswiththehighestpenetrationratefornewenergyvehicles:urbanlogisticsvehicles,buses,anddumptrucks.Foreachcategory,wefirstprovidethenational-levelelectrificationbackgroundandthenselectthecitieswiththehighestnumberofnewenergydeploymentsforfurthermarketandpolicyanalysis.NewenergyurbanlogisticsvehiclesNationaloverviewOfallthemajorcommercialvehiclecategories,urbanlogisticsvehicleshadthehighestnewenergypenetrationratein2023at37.1%,whichis7.1percentagepointshigherthanin2022.9NewenergymodelswithlighterGVWandlower-ratedpowerwerethemostpopular.AsFigure4shows,mostnewenergyurbanlogisticsvehiclesregisteredin2023haveaGVWof3.5tonnesorlessandratedpowerrangingfrom20kWto80kW.Internalcombustionengine(ICE)vehiclesinthesameGVWgroupinghaveratedpowerof60–120kW.ThisdifferenceinratedpowercouldresultinICEurbanlogisticsvehiclesperformingbetterinreal-worldsituations—suchasbeingabletohaulheavierloadsandrequiringfewertripstoaccomplishthesameamountofwork—thantheirnewenergycounterparts.Althoughtherewerefewernewenergyurbanlogisticsvehiclesregisteredinthe3.5–4.5trangeofGVW,operationcostsdonotseemtobeabarrierpreventingnewenergydeploymentinthisweightgroup.10Therewerenonewenergydeploymentsofurbanlogisticsvehiclesabove4.5t.9YidanChu,HuiHe,andZhixinCui,LeadingNewEnergyVehicleCitiesinChina:The2022Market(InternationalCouncilonCleanTransportation,2024),/publication/ev-china-city-markets-2022-update-mar24/.10“想买辆新能源轻卡跑物流，真的省钱吗[IWanttoBuyaNewEnergyLightTruckforLogistics.IsitReallySavingMoney?]”Yoojia,May2,2024,/ask/17-14422703870456730673.html.5ICCTRESEARCHBRIEF|LEADINGCITIESFORNEWENERGYCOMMERCIALVEHICLESINCHINAFigure4Registrationsofurbanlogisticsvehiclesbygrossvehicleweightandratedpowerin2023100,00080,00060,00040,00020,000120,000100,00080,00060,00040,00020,000120,000100,00080,00060,00040,00020,000(0,20](20,40](40,60](60,80](80,100](100,120](120,140](140,160](160,180]Ratedpower(kW)InternalcombustionengineNewenergyTHEINTERNATIONALCOUNCILONCLEANTRANSPORTATIONTHEICCT.ORGLeadingcitiesManycitiesproactivelydeployednewenergyurbanlogisticsvehiclesin2023,withpureelectric,lighter,andlower-ratedpowermodelsbeingthemostpopular.Figure5liststhe10citieswiththemostnewenergyurbanlogisticsvehiclesregisteredin2023,fromthehighesttothelowest,anddisplaysthemarketperformanceandtechnicalfeaturesofthesevehicles.Thesetop-performingcitiescollectivelydeployed43%ofallnewenergyurbanlogisticsvehiclesregisteredin2023,withanaveragenewenergypenetrationrateinthesecitiesof67%.Asshownintheleftpanel,Shenzhenledbyawidemarginwithmorethan30,000registrations,buttheothertop10citiesalsostoodoutforremarkablyhighnewenergypenetration—allexceeding50%.MostofthenewenergyurbanlogisticsvehiclesdeployedinthesetopcitieshadaGVWof3.5torbelowandratedpowerof80kWorbelow.Theaveragetype-approvalelectricrangeofthesevehicleswasabout300km.6ICCTRESEARCHBRIEF|LEADINGCITIESFORNEWENERGYCOMMERCIALVEHICLESINCHINAFigure5Characteristicsofnewenergyurbanlogisticsvehiclesinthetop10citiesforregistrationsin2023RegistrationsbypowertrainRegistrationsbyGVW(t)Registrationsbyratedpower(kW)Sales-weightedaveragee-range(km)★★★★★★★ShenzhenGuangzhouDongguanChengduChongqingBeijingZhengzhouFoshanWuhanTianjin010,00020,00030,000FCEVPHEVBEV40,000010,00020,00030,00040,000010,00020,00030,00040,0000100200300400286279251259251(160,279251259251(140,160](120,140]335(100,120]335282255(4.5,12](3.5,4.5]3.5orbelow282255(4.5,12](3.5,4.5]3.5orbelow268250(20,40](0,20]250NewenergymarketpenetrationGreenFreightDemonstrationcitiesNotes:BEV=Batteryelectricvehicle,PHEV=Plug-inhybridvehicle,FCEV=fuel-cellelectricvehicleTHEINTERNATIONALCOUNCILONCLEANTRANSPORTATIONTHEICCT.ORGThemarketperformanceandcharacteristicsofnewenergyurbanlogisticsvehiclesdeployedintheseleadingcitieswerelargelydrivenbyChina’snationalGreenFreightDemonstrationprogramandbymunicipalefforts.ThegoaloftheGreenFreightprogramistoestablishefficient,low-carbon,andsmarturbanfreight-distributionsystemsinandbetweencitiesinChina;oneofthekeyelementsofthisprogramisdeployingnewenergyurbanlogisticsvehicles.11Manycitiesappliedtojointheprogramafteritslaunchin2017,andseventy-onecitieshavebeenenlistedasformaldemonstrationcitiessince2021.12Demonstrationcitiesallneedtohaveclearplansandgoalstoincreasethedeploymentofnewenergyurbanlogisticsvehicles,alongwiththepoliciesandmeasuresneededtoachievethesegoals.Forexample,Shenzhenaimstohave113,000newenergyurbanlogisticsvehiclesinserviceby2025,whileChengduaimstohave80%ofallurbanlogisticsvehiclesontheroadbenewenergybythesameyear.13Thesetwocitiesalsoofferroadaccessprivilegestonewenergyurbanlogisticsvehicles.14Sevenofthetop10citiesfornewenergyurbanlogisticsvehiclesareformalGreenFreightDemonstrationcities:Shenzhen,Guangzhou,Chengdu,Zhengzhou,Foshan,Wuhan,andTianjin.Threeofthetop10citieswerenotGreenFreightDemonstrationcitiesin2023,buttheystilltookmeasurestopromotenewenergyurbanlogisticsvehicles.Dongguan—which11MinistryofTransport,“三部门联合启动城市绿色货运配送示范工程[ThreeDepartmentsJointlyLaunchedtheGreenFreightDeliveryDemonstrationProgram]”(December27,2017),/xinwen/2017-12/27/content_5250767.htm.12MinistryofTransport,“首批16个‘绿色货运配送示范城市’出炉[NameListofthe16PilotCitiesforGreenFreightDemonstrationProgramReleased]”(August12,2021),/xinwen/2021-08/12/content_5630889.htm.Note:Citiesthatsubmittedtheirapplicationdonotnecessarilybecomeformaldemonstrationcities,astherewasascreeningprocess.13ShenzhenDevelopmentandReformCommission,“深圳市新能源汽车推广应用工作方案（2021-2025年）[WorkPlanforthePromotionandApplicationofNewEnergyVehiclesinShenzhen(2021-2025)]”(March31,2021),/zwgk/zcjzcjd/zc/content/post_8667568.html;ChengduMunicipalPeople’sGovernment,“成都市人民政府办公厅关于成都市促进新能源汽车产业发展的实施意见[ImplementationOpinionsoftheGeneralOfficeofChengduMunicipalPeople’sGovernmentonPromotingtheDevelopmentofNewEnergyAutomobileIndustryinChengdu]”(March10,2023),/gkml/cdsrmzfbgt/qtwj/1646400540776624128.shtml.14PublicSecurityBureauofShenzhenMunicipality,“关于对新能源纯电动物流车继续实施通行优惠政策的通告[NoticeontheContinuedImplementationofPreferentialRoadAccessPoliciesforPureElectricLogisticsVehicles]”(June25,2023),/ZWGK/QT/GSGG/content/post_10666425.html?utm_source=；ChengduMunicipalPeople’sGovernment,“成都市人民政府办公厅关于成都市促进新能源汽车产业发展的实施意见[ImplementationOpinionsoftheGeneralOfficeofChengduMunicipalPeople’sGovernmentonPromotingtheDevelopmentofNewEnergyAutomobileIndustryinChengdu]”(March10,2023),/gkml/cdsrmzfbgt/qtwj/1646400540776624128.shtml.7ICCTRESEARCHBRIEF|LEADINGCITIESFORNEWENERGYCOMMERCIALVEHICLESINCHINAisinthesameprovinceasShenzhenandGuangzhou—isfollowingtheirexamplesbysettingdeploymentgoalsandprovidingurban-entrypassesonlytopureelectricandfuel-cellelectricurbanlogisticsvehicles;anexceptionallowsurban-entrypassesforICErefrigeratedtrucks,possiblybecauseoftheirhigherenergy-consumptionneeds.15NewenergybusesNationaloverviewBuseshadthesecond-highestnewenergypenetrationrateofcommercialvehiclegroupsat17.1%in2023,whichis8.1percentagepointslowerthanin2022.However,thenewenergypenetrationratesofdifferentbussubcategoriesvariedgreatly.AsshownontheleftsideofFigure6,buseswithalengthof7metersorlessaccountedforthemajorityofmodelsregisteredin2023buthadthelowestnewenergypenetrationrate.TherightsideofFigure6presentsthesamebusregistrationdata,butbymajorbustypes.CitybusesinChinaalmostachievedalmost100%electrificationin2023,butthenewenergypenetrationratesforotherbustypeslaggedbehind.Thesenon-citybuseswerethemajorityofallbusesregisteredin2023.Figure6Registrationsforbusesofallfueltypesbyvehiclelengthandmajorapplicationtypein2023BuslengthBustypeOtherbuses(mostaresmallerbusesorminibuses)CitybusesSchoolbusesNote:Therectangularareasinthefigurerepresenttheproportionalvaluesofallbusregistrationsbylengthandbyapplicationtype.THEINTERNATIONALCOUNCILONCLEANTRANSPORTATIONTHEICCT.ORGLeadingcitiesManycitiesachieveda100%electrificationratefornewcitybusesdeployedin2023.Figure7liststhe10citieswiththehighestnumberofregistrationsofnewenergycitybusesin2023alongwiththemarketpenetrationrateandtechnicalcharacteristics.Thesetop-performingcitiescollectivelydeployed41%ofallnewenergycitybusesinChinain2023,withanaveragenewenergypenetrationrateof99.6%.Mostofthenewenergycitybusesdeployedinthesecitieswerelongerthan7metersandhadapower15DongguanMunicipalTransportationBureau,“东莞市交通运输领域设备设施更新工作方案[DongguanCityTransportationEquipmentandFacilityUpdateWorkPlan]”(May8,2024),/ztzllm/tddgmsbgxhyjhx/zcwj/sjzcx/content/post_4201285.html;DongguanPublicSecurityBureau,“东莞市公安局城市配送车辆通行证管理办法[DongguanPublicSecurityBureau:AdministrativeMeasuresforUrbanDeliveryVehiclePassManagement]”(February14,2023),/zwgk/wjk/zcfgk/content/post_4094489.html.8ICCTRESEARCHBRIEF|LEADINGCITIESFORNEWENERGYCOMMERCIALVEHICLESINCHINAratingofupto200kW.Theaveragetype-approvalelectricrangeofthesevehicleswasabout500km.Thisremarkableelectrificationrateofcitybuseswaslargelydrivenbythecentralgovernmentandvariousmunicipalpolicyefforts.ThenationalTransportationDevelopmentPlanfor2021to2025setatargetforcitieswithapopulationof1millionormore:Atleast80%ofallbusesacquiredtoreplaceexistingbusesortoexpandthebusfleetmustbenewenergyvehicles.16All10top-performingcitiesmeetthispopulationcriteria.China’scentralgovernmentalsolaunchedtheFullVehicleElectrificationinthePublicSectornationalpilotprogramin2023.17Citieswereencouragedtoapplyfornationalpilotstatusandtoelectrifytheirpublicsectorvehicles,includingcitybuses.Pilotcitiesunderthisprogramneedtomeetnewenergyvehicletargets,basedonhowthecitiesareclassified,withintheprogramtimeframeof2023through2025.ThetargetforlargecitiessuchasBeijingandShanghaiistodeploy100,000newenergypublicvehiclesoverthethreeyears.18Thecentralgovernmentdidnotprovideafinancialincentivetothepilotcitiesbut,accordingtotherelatedpolicy,thecentralgovernmentmightintroducesupportivepoliciestothesecitiesandprioritizeallocatingsubsidiestothemforfutureinvestment.SixoftheleadingcitieslistedinFigure7enlistedasformalnationalpilotcities.19Figure7Characteristicsofnewenergycitybusesinthetop10citiesforregistrationsin2023RegistrationsbypowertrainRegistrationsbyvehiclelength(m)Registrationsbyratedpower(kW)Sales-weightedaveragee-range(km)Shanghai★Beijing★ChengduHangzhou★ShenzhenNingboHuainanChongqing*YinchuanNanjing5001,000476501468291505519582584518FCEVPHEVBEV67305001,0001,5002,00005001,0001,5002,00005001,0001,5002,00005001,000476501468291505519582584518FCEVPHEVBEV673above10(7,10]7orbelow(350,400](300,350](250,300](200,250](150,200](100,150](50,100](0,50]NewenergymarketpenetrationPilotcitiesinFullVehicleElectrificationinthePublicSectorprogramTHEINTERNATIONALCOUNCILONCLEANTRANSPORTATIONTHEICCT.ORGNewenergycoachesregisteredinthetop-performingcitiesvariedgreatlyintheirmarketpenetrationandtechnicalcharacteristics(Figure8).These10citiescollectivelydeployed45%ofthenationaltotalfornewenergycoachesin2023,withanaveragenewenergypenetrationrateof30%.Thenewenergypenetrationraterangedfrom16StateCouncil,“国务院关于印发“十四五”现代综合交通运输体系发展规划的通知[NoticeoftheStateCouncilonIssuingthe14thFive-YearPlanfortheDevelopmentofaModernComprehensiveTransportationSystem]”(January18,2022),/zhengce/content/2022-01/18/content_5669049.htm.17Publicsectorvehiclesinthispolicyincludescitybuses,taxis,postalvehicles,sanitaryvehicles,urbanlogisticsvehicles,andothertypesofvehicles.MinistryofIndustryandInformationTechnology,“关于组织开展公共领域车辆全面电动化先行区试点工作的通知[NoticebytheMinistryofIndustryandInformationTechnologyandSevenOtherDepartmentsonOrganizingPilotWorkforFullyElectrifiedPublicSectorVehiclesinPioneerZones]”(January30,2023),/zhengce/zhengceku/2023-02/03/content_5739955.htm.18MinistryofIndustryandInformationTechnology,“公共领域车辆全面电动化试点城市新能源汽车推广数量参考目标[ReferenceTargetsforNewEnergyVehiclePromotioninPilotCitiesforFullyElectrifiedPublicSectorVehicles],”accessedJuly20,2024,/zhengce/zhengceku/2023-02/03/5739955/files/8d7b71c27e174b60bd00500df7169681.pdf.19XinxinZhang,XingHuang,andDandanZhao,“15个城市获批试点，公共领域车辆全面电动化提速为新能源汽车发展加力[15CitiesApprovedasPilots:AcceleratingFullElectrificationofPublicSectorVehiclestoBoostNewEnergyVehicleDevelopment],”XinhuaNewsAgency,November16,2023,/lianbo/bumen/202311/content_6915659.htm.9ICCTRESEARCHBRIEF|LEADINGCITIESFORNEWENERGYCOMMERCIALVEHICLESINCHINA9.9%inGuangzhouto95.6%inYongzhou.Whilemostoftheseleadingcitiesdeployedpureelectricmodels,severalcitiesalsodeployedfuel-cellmodels,includingBeijing,Shenzhen,Shanghai,andGuangzhou.Mostofthemodelsdeployedwere7morlongerinlengthandhadapowerratingofupto250kW.Theaveragetype-approvalelectricrangerangedfromroughly360kmtonearly550km.ThemarketperformanceandcharacteristicsofnewenergycoachesintheleadingcitieswerelargelydrivenbyvariedlocaleffortsandbythenationalFuelCellVehicleDemonstrationprogram.20Thisprogram,whichwaslaunchedin2020andlastsfor4years,aimstoestablishfuelcellvehicleindustries,boostnewfuelcellvehicletechnologiesandtheapplicationofthesetechnologies,exploreeffectiveoperationalbusinessmodels,andimprovetherelevantpoliciesandstandards.Citiesselectedforthedemonstrationprogramwillreceivefinancialawardsfromthecentralgovernment.Aspartofitsshort-termplanning,Beijingaimedtoliftthepercentageofnewenergymodelsdeployedinitsintercitybusfleet,includingcommuterandtourismbuses,between2020and2025.21Beijingalsoinitiatedlocalpilotprojectstopromotefuel-cellelectricfleets,particularlythoseusedforpassengertransport.Thecitysupportedthedeploymentandoperationoffuelcellbusestobeusedforsightseeingandtourismandbyuniversitiesandcompaniesofferingcommutertransportationforemployees.Beijinghasofferedfinancialawardsfordeployingtheselargebuses—typicallymorethan10metersinlength—rangingfrom¥990,000to¥1,260,000dependingonvehicleratedpowerandafter4-yearmileagerequirementsaremet.22AnotherexampleisShenzhen,whichhadalreadyachieved100%electrificationinitscitybusfleetin2017.Thecitysetnewgoalstoelectrifyitscoachfleetby,inparticular,deployingfuelcellcoachesonitsintercitycoachroutes.23Inaddition,Shenzhenalsoofferedper-vehiclesubsidiesof¥20,000–¥50,000fornewenergytourismbusespurchasedin2023.24Fiveofthe10leadingcitieslistedinFigure8arealsonationaldemonstrationcitiesforfuelcellvehicleapplications:Beijing,Shenzhen,Shanghai,Zhuhai,andGuangzhou.Thesefivecitieswereidentifiedasdeployingfuelcellbusesintheirjurisdictionsduringthepilotperiodfrom2021to2025.2520MinistryofFinance,MinistryofIndustryofInformationTechnology,MinistryofScienceandTechnology,NationalDevelopmentandReformCommission,andNationalEnergyAdministration,”关于开展燃料电池汽车示范应用的通知[Noticeonthelaunchofdemonstrationprogramoffuelcellvehicles]”(September16,2020),/zhengce/zhengceku/2020-09/21/content_5545221.htm.21BeijingMunicipalTransportationCommission,“北京市贯彻〈道路旅客运输及客运站管理规定〉的实施意见[Beijing’simplementationguidelinesfortheregulationsonroadpassengertransportandpassengerstationmanagement]”(December28,2020),/xxgk/flfg/zcfg/202206/t20220609_2733427.html.22BeijingMunicipalBureauofEconomyandInformationTechnology,“关于开展2022-2023年度北京市燃料电池汽车示范应用项目申报的通知[NoticeontheApplicationforthe2022-2023BeijingFuelCellVehicleDemonstrationProjects]”(April12,2023),/zhengce/zhengcefagui/202304/t20230418_3058192.html;BeijingMunicipalBureauofEconomyandInformationTechnology,“关于开展2023-2025年度北京市燃料电池汽车示范应用项目申报的通知[NoticeontheApplicationforthe2023-2025BeijingFuelCellVehicleDemonstrationProjects]”(April16,2023),/jxdt/tzgg/202404/t20240416_3619890.html.23ShenzhenMunicipalBureauofIndustryandInformationTechnol