安徽省蚌埠市A层高中2024-2025学年高一下学期第四次联考 英语试卷（含解析）

安徽省蚌埠市A层高中2024-2025学年高一下学期第四次联考英语试卷一、阅读理解（本大题共5小题）Ifyoupaynoattentiontoyourmentalhealth,itcanleadtodepression,burnout,anxiety,andsomuchmore.Sowhetheryou’reinyouryouthoryouwanttohelpsomeoneyoulove,thesearesomeofthebestmentalhealthwebsitesforyoungpeople.TeenHelpAsthenamesuggests,TeenHelpisspecificallytargetedtowardsthoseintheirteenyears.Thewebsitecoversmentalhealthtopicsfromteendepressiontoangerissues.ThegreatthingaboutTeenHelpisthatitisnotonlyforteenagersbutparents,too.Itincludesaparticularcolumnforparentstofindonlineresourceslikehowtochooseapsychologist.YoungMindsEvenifyou’renotintheUK,YoungMindsgivesyouaccesstoalibraryofhelpfuladvice,information,support,andresources.Pleasechoosewhetheryouareaparent,youworkwithyoungpeople,oryouareayoungpersonyourself.Fromthereyoucanusevarioushelplines,readrealstories,andlearnmoreaboutmentalhealthconditions.ThereisevenaYoungMindsonlinestorewhereyoucanbuyfunclothing,postcards,andprints.ReachOutReachOutofferssomethingforeveryone,whetheryou’reayoungpersonlookingforhelporaparent.Doyouneedhelpwithmentalhealthissuessuchasaddiction,self-harm,oranxiety?ReachOuthasgotyoucovered.ButwhatmakesReachOutsospecialisthatitoffersanonlinecommunityofyoungpeopleandfreechatswithapeer(同龄人)worker.1．WhatisspecialaboutYoungMinds?A．ItonlyservesBritishusers.B．Itworkswithalocallibrary.C．Itasksuserstosharestories.D．Itsellsvariousgoodsonline.2．Whatdothethreewebsiteshaveincommon?A．Theywelcometeensandparents.B．Theyofferfreechatswithpeers.C．Theyhirefamouspsychologists.D．Theyhaveacolumnforparents.3．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A．Toreport. B．Toinform. C．Toanalyse. D．Todescribe.At93,DoreenHyndeffortlesslykeepsbusywithcooking,dancing,andteachingherstudentsacrossdifferentplaces.Activeinlife,shecreditsherenergytoherlifelongpracticeofTaiChi.HyndpraisesTaiChifordevelopingawarenessofpeacefulness,invitingthebody,mindandinnerconsciousnesstoworktogether,andofferinganexperienceoflightnessandstrength.BorninAustralia,DoreenHyndstartedherTaiChitrainingattheUniversityofSydneyinthe1980s.AftermovingtotheUnitedStatesin1984,shesoughtoutSophiaDelza,whohadstudiedunderMaYuehLiang,arespectedTaiChimasterinChinaformanyyears.AfterDelzapassedaway,Hynd,whohadbecomeDelza’steachingassistant,continuedtopromoteTaiChiculture.Reflectingonhermission,shestates,“Ihavealwayswantedtobringittothewholeworld.TaiChihasstoodthetestoftimeforcenturiesinChineseculture.”“AlotoftheclassesIteachareforretiredpeople,whichhasbeenoneofthemostinspiringaspectsofmylife,”Hyndshared.Overher24yearsofteachingTaiChi,shehaswitnessedmiracles(奇迹),suchasastudentwithseriousbraindamagerecoveringmemoriesafterayearofpractice,despitedoctorsconsideringitimpossible.“SomestudentsinpoorhealthlearnedaboutmethroughthecollegeIworkedatinCanada,andthey’vestayedwithmesince,”sheadded,smilingbroadly.WhenaskedaboutusingTaiChiforself-defense,Hyndexpressedapreferenceforconnectingwithsomeoneapproachingaggressively,evenifitmeantriskingherlife.Sheprioritizesformingconnectionsoverfighting.AccordingtoCaoGuozhong,agreatTaiChimaster,HyndhasabsorbedtheessenceofChineseculturethroughTaiChi.“Hyndlovestolistencarefullytoothers,approachthemwithunderstanding,andtransformenemiesintofriends,”CaoGuozhongexplained.“ShereflectsthephilosophyfoundintheancientChinesetext,IChing,whichdiscusseschangeintheworld.”4．WhatdoesDoreenHyndthinkofTaiChi?A．Activeandeffortless. B．Demandingandpowerful.C．Energeticandpractical. D．Calmingandintegrative.5．WhydidHynddecidetopromoteTaiChiculture?A．ShewantedtofollowDelza. B．Shevalueditstimelessquality.C．Sheconsidereditpartofherstudy. D．Shebenefitedconsiderablyfromit.6．WhichaspectofTaiChiismainlytalkedaboutinparagraph3?A．Itstargetgroup. B．Itshealthadvantage.C．Itsgrowingpopularity. D．Itsunderlyingprinciple.7．WhydidCaoGuozhongmentionIChing?A．Tosupporthispoint. B．TopraiseHynd’sefforts.C．Tospreadhisphilosophy. D．TohighlightHynd’schange.Sinceancienttimes,foodhasbeenabaseforculturesworldwide.Itisimportantforoursurvival,whichiswhyattentiononfoodisauniversalrulethatconnectsusall.Tofeedourhungrybrains,ourancestorsinventedfireandcooking,whichpasseddigestiontoculture.Infact,aculture’sfoodvocabularyisawindowintoitsvaluesandpriorities.TheculturalpsychologistPaulRozinhasfoundthatwhenFrenchandAmericanresearchparticipantsareaskedwhatcomestomindwhenthinkingoffriedeggs,theFrenchsay“breakfast”whileAmericanssay“cholesterol(胆固醇)”.TheFrenchthinkofthecookingexperience;Americansthinkofwhatisenteringthebloodstream.Sometimes,slurping(出声地吃)noodlesisseenasthepreferredwaytointeractwiththedeliciousdish.ThereisagreatsceneinJuzoItami’sfilm,Tampopo(1985)whereagroupofwomeninahotelarebeingtaughttablemannersandtoldtoeattheirItalianpastanoodlesslowlyandquietly.Anotherdinersittingnearbyhappilyisslurpinghisnoodlesandthejoyhegetsfromaudibly(声音地)andphysicallyinteractingwithhisfoodisinfectious.Beforetheyknowit,eventheteacherisalsoslurpinghernoodles.Besides,specificdishesneverrepresentanunchangingtradition.“Mygrandma’sEggFooYounglooksandtastescompletelydifferentfromwhatyoumightfindinarestaurantorinsomebodyelse’shome.Afteraskingaboutherversion,IrealizedthatshelearnedhowtomakeitbypickingupdifferentcookingstylesasshetraveledfromJiangxi,Macao,andHongKong,”saidShirleyTing,aCanadianresearcher.Ifwetreatcultureasadefinedthing,thenwecanseefoodasanimportantpartofculture—foodpracticesandtraditionshelpcommunicateculturalvalues,reproducethosevaluesovertimeandacrossgenerations,andhelpimproveagroup’ssenseofhavingadistinctidentity,differentfromothergroups.8．WhatmaywelearnfromPaulRozin’sresearchonfood?A．Foodvocabularyincreaseswithculturalexchanges.B．Peoplehavethesamefood-relatedhealthconcerns.C．Differentculturesprioritizedifferentaspectsoffood.D．AmericansandtheFrenchhavesimilarcookingmethods.9．WhydoestheauthormentionthesceneinTampopo?A．Tohighlightdifferentfoodpreferences.B．Tostresstheappealofpleasurabledining.C．Tocriticizerudemannersinpublicplaces.D．Tocomparedininghabitsinfilmsanddailylife.10．Whichfunctionoffoodisreferredtointhelastparagraph?A．Passingdowntraditionalcookingtechniques.B．Encouragingculturalappreciationglobally.C．Presentingculturalgapsanddifferences.D．Strengtheningculturalvaluesanduniqueness.11．Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A．Dietcanimpacthealth.B．Foodisabridgetoculture.C．Noodlescanbeaculturalsymbol.D．Globalviewsaredifferentaboutfoodtrends.Someoflife’ssimplestmysteriescanprovethehardesttosolve.Onesuchmysteryishowabirdsleeps,especiallywhileit’sonabranch.Thesleepcycleduringourdeepestsleeplastsforseveralminutes,butinbirds,itlastshardly10seconds;theywillkeeponepartoftheirbrainawake,whichyoumightnoticewhenabirdhasoneeyeopen.Thiswillallowbirdstorunawayfromahuntatamoment’snotice,evenwhenthey’reinthemiddleofasleep.Tofallasleep,abird’sbodygoesthroughaseriesofchanges,oneofwhichisthatthemuscleslosetheirhardness,whichhappensasamainresultofreducedbraincontrolofmusclemovement.Tostandperfectlybalancedonabranchwhilethemusclesbecomeweakisn’teasy.Anyonewhohastriedtosleepwhilestandingonatrainwouldknowthis.Sowhenabirdlowersitself,itstalons(爪子)automaticallyandinvoluntarilybendandholdontightlytothebranch,anduntilthelegisstraightened,thetalonswillnotrelax.Thekeybehindthismechanism(机制)isthebird’sflexortendons(屈肌腱)thatconnectmusclestobones.Theflexortendonstretches,thusbendingthebird’stoes.ButarecentpaperfoundthatsleepingEuropeanstarlings(acommonbirdfoundinNorthAmericaandEurope)don’tusethemechanism.Theresearchersobservedthatthebirdsbenttheirkneesonlyslightly,notenoughforthemechanismtokickintoaction.Thetoes,asaresult,werelargelyunbent,andthebirdsbalancedonthecentralpartoftheirfeetwhiletheyslept.“Birdsarevariedandunique,exhibitingdifferentbodies,physiologies,andbehaviorsdependingonwhichspecies,genus,orfamilyonestudies.Sleepcyclesdifferjustaswidely.Whilewemaynotknowthewholestoryyet,thereisnodenyingthatitisremarkablethatbirdsmanagethisbalancingactdaily!”saidSalama,whohasadegreeinlifesciencesandbiochemistryfromSt.Xavier’sCollege,Mumbai.12．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“This”inthesecondparagraphreferto?A．Birds’lightsleepstyle.B．Thevariationinsleepcycles.C．Birds’specialbrainstructure.D．Thecontinuationofdeepsleep.13．Whatistheroleofflexortendonsinhelpingbirdsbalanceonbranches?A．Enablingthepowerofbirds’legs.B．Stretchingtomaketalonsbendandlock.C．Controllingmuscles’hardnessandmovement.D．Connectingmusclestostrengthentheirfunctions.14．WhatcanweinferfromSalama’swords?A．Learningbirds’habitsneedscooperation.B．Denyingbirds’importanceisunwise.C．Studyingbirds’sleephaschallenges.D．Knowingbirds’balancingactsisuseful.15．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．WhyDoBirdsRequireLessSleep?B．WhyDoEuropeanStarlingsSleepDifferently?C．WhyDoSleepingBirdsHaveOneEyeOpen?D．WhyDon’tSleepingBirdsFallOffBranches?Makingreadingahobbyalsoneedsdetermination.Itmightnotseemthatwayatfirst,butfindingtimetoread,choosingtherightbooks,andstayingfocusedallrequirecarefulplanningandself-control.16Andit’sreallyworthitifyouwanttomakereadingyourfavouritehobby.Somestudentslikereadingpaperbooks,feelingthetextureofthepagesandthesmelloftheink.Otherspreferreadinge-booksondeviceslikesmartphones,tablets,ore-readers.17Youcanswitchbetweenthetwoaccordingtodifferentsituations,suchasreadingapaperbookwhenrelaxingonthesofaorane-bookwhenonthego.Trybothandfindwhichwaysuitsyoubest.18Youcansimplywriteyournameonthecover,oryoucangetmorecreative,likedrawingapicturerelatedtothebookormakingabookmarkwithquotesfromit.Thesedecorationscanmakeyourbookmorespecialandmakeyoumoreeagertoreadit.Asyoustartyourreadingjourney,it’sagoodideatowritedownyourthoughtsaboutthebookasyouread.Whilesomeofthesethoughtsmaynotseemimportant,otherscouldhelpyou

understandthebookbetteroreveninspireyoutowriteyourownstories.19Justlikeanyhobby,youneedtosetasideregulartimeforreading.Makeitaroutinesothatyoukeepthemomentum(势头)going.20Thelongerthebreaksbetweenyourreadingsessionsare,theharderitwillbetogetbackintothereadingmood.A．Beingcontinuousisimportant.B．Nevertheless,readingisawonderfulhobbytohave.C．Still,manypeopleliketocombineboth.D．First,formagoodhabitoftakingreadingnotes.E．Decoratingbookscanincreaseyourpassionforreading.F．Allofthesehabitscanimproveyourreadingexperience.G．Butifyoudon’trecordthem,thosepreciousthoughtswillbeforgotten.二、完形填空（本大题共1小题）IwasafreshmaninhighschoolwhenIsawmyneighbor,Mr.Smith,workinginhisfrontyard.“Iknowyou’re21atusingsimpletoolssinceyouoftenhelpyourdadwithsmallrepairsathome,”Mr.Smithsaid.“There’salargebranch22overthesidewalknearhere.Ithascaused23topeoplewalkingby,especiallyatnight.Wouldyouliketohelpmecutitdown?”Iwasexcitedabouttheideaof24Mr.Smithandmakingourneighborhoodsafer.Soweworkedhardto25thebranch.Afterthat,wetooksomepicturesofour26andsharedtheminourcommunity’schatgroup.The27fromtheneighborswasreallypositive.Aladyposted,“I’mso28thatIdon’thavetoworryabouthittingmyheadonthatbranchanymore.”Thewholecommunityseemedto29oursmallactofkindness.Manyneighborsvolunteeredtofollowour30andstartedtocleanupthelitterintheneighborhoodorfixthebrokenbenchesinthepark.Withsomany31hands,ourcommunityhaschangedalot.Itusedtolookabitmessy,butnowit’smuchcleanerandmorecomfortable.Atfirst,wejust32basictoolsfromeachother.Butasmorepeoplejoinedin,donationsofvarioustools33in.Oursmallstorageroom34quicklywithdifferentkindsofequipment.Whenotherneighborsplantodoaclean-upinthecommunity,theycancontactusto35thetoolstheyneed.Wehopeourstorycaninspiremorepeopletodosmallthingstomakeourcommunityabetterplace.21．A．skilled B．surprised C．confused D．lost22．A．hanging B．flying C．standing D．rolling23．A．fear B．inconvenience C．interest D．entertainment24．A．interviewing B．watching C．helping D．guiding25．A．attach B．break C．remove D．rebuild26．A．adventures B．deeds C．discoveries D．achievements27．A．response B．contribution C．atmosphere D．statement28．A．astonished B．relieved C．embarrassed D．grateful29．A．compare B．celebrate C．display D．forget30．A．race B．instruction C．example D．lead31．A．willing B．expert C．creative D．shaking32．A．chose B．borrowed C．invented D．removed33．A．poured B．looked C．walked D．turned34．A．cleanedout B．litup C．filledup D．showedup35．A．access B．prepare C．donate D．exhibit三、语法填空（本大题共1小题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。DeepSeek:PioneeringtheFutureofIntelligentSolutionsIntheageofrapidtechnologicaldevelopment,DeepSeekhasbecomeapioneerinartificialintelligence(AI)anddataanalytics.It36(found)tohelpindustriesmakeintelligentdecisions.DeepSeekfocusesoncreatingadvancedAIplatforms37improveefficiencyandproductivityinfieldslikefinance,healthcare,education,andlogistics.Forexample,inhealthcare,DeepSeek’salgorithmscandiagnosediseases38(accurate).Infinance,itstoolscanpredictmarket39(trend)andreducerisks.WhatmakesDeepSeekspecialis40(it)focusonadaptabilityandethicalAI.ThecompanytriestocreatetransparentAImodelsthatuserscantrust.Its“AdaptiveLearningFramework”allowssystemstochangeaccordingtonewdata,41(stay)usefulinchangingsituations.Sinceitsstart,muchpraise42(receive).IndustryleaderslikeitsabilitytoturnAItheory43practicaluses.44CFOfromabigcompanysaiditcuttheiroperationalcostsby30%andimprovedforecasting.Healthcareworkersalsolikehowitreducesdiagnosticerrors.AsitsCEOsaid,theywantAItobringprogress,notjustprofit.DeepSeekshowsthebrightfutureofAI45it’sreadytochangethewayindustrieswork.四、书信写作（本大题共1小题）46．上周末你参加了学校组织的“田园农耕初体验”活动，请给校英文报写一篇报道，分享此次经历，内容包括：1.活动目的；2.活动中的具体体验；（eg.plantvegetableseeds;milkcows）3.你的收获。注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；2.请按以下格式作答；AFirstTasteofRuralFarming____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________五、书面表达（本大题共1小题）47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。TheFallandRiseofaStarIwascertainthateverystudentinmyhighschooldramaclassnoticedthepapershakinginmyhandsasIstooduptotryoutfortheleadroleintheplay,Iwasn’ttherebychoice,butratherbecausetheteacherrequiredthateachofushaveatryforapart.Asa“mode!”student,Iwentalongwiththerequest,eventhoughitfilledmewithfear.Iwassmallformyage,woresecondhandclothes,andcriedeasily.Idesperatelywishedtoremaininmyseatanddisappearintothebackground.However,thereIwasstanding,onstage.Readinglines(台词),atleast,wassomethingIliked,So,Ibegantoread.Withinmoments,thefearwasgone.Iwasreadingthepartforthemaincharacter,“Star,”whopossessedanoptimisticviewonlifedespitebeinganorphan(孤儿).Iwasn’tanorphanmyself,butIfeltlikeone.Myfatherhadleftus,andmymotherworkedduringtheday,attendedschoolatnightandspentherweekendsburiedinhomework,ItwaseasyformetobelievethatStar’swordswerealsomyown.Ifinishedreadingandquicklyreturnedtomyseat.Whentheteacherannouncedthecastlistandcalledmyname,Iwaslostinmythoughts.“Patty,”sherepeated,“youareStar,Comeandcollectyourlines.”“Thiscannotbe!Howisitpossible?”

Witharacingheart,Iapproachedtheteachertogetthepages.Ipracticedeveryday—whilewalkingtoschool,duringlunchbreaks,beforebedtime,andevenonweekends.Inthebeginning,Iwasworriedaboutforgettingmylines,butImanagedtolearnthembyheart.Myconfidencewasgraduallygrowing.Thencametherehearsals(排练).ItwasduringthisstagethatIbegantodoubtmyconfidenceonceagain,Iwastoonervoustoact,Ifrequentlyforgotmylines.Thenafterseveralfailures,Ifinallyreachedmybreakingpoint.Iranouttowardsthestairsandstartedtocry,“Ican’tdoit!”注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答，Paral:Suddenly,Ifeltseveralgentlehandsonmyarms._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Para2:Thedayfinallyarrivedandtheperformancereceivedanenthusiasticresponse._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案【答案】1．D2．A3．B【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了三个适合年轻人的心理健康网站。【解析】1．细节理解题。根据YoungMinds部分中“ThereisevenaYoungMindsonlinestorewhereyoucanbuyfunclothing,postcards,andprints.(甚至还有一个YoungMinds网上商店，在那里你可以买到有趣的衣服、明信片和印刷品。)”可知，YoungMinds的特别之处在于它在网上销售各种各样的商品。故选D项。2．细节理解题。根据TeenHelp部分中“ThegreatthingaboutTeenHelpisthatitisnotonlyforteenagersbutparents,too.Itincludesaparticularcolumnforparentstofindonlineresourceslikehowtochooseapsychologist.(TeenHelp的伟大之处在于，它不仅适合青少年，也适合父母。它包括一个专门的专栏，供父母寻找在线资源，比如如何选择心理医生。)”和YoungMinds部分中“Pleasechoosewhetheryouareaparent,youworkwithyoungpeople,oryouareayoungpersonyourself.(请选择你是否为人父母，你与年轻人一起工作，或者你自己就是一个年轻人。)”以及ReachOut部分中“ReachOutofferssomethingforeveryone,whetheryou’reayoungpersonlookingforhelporaparent.(ReachOut为每个人提供了一些东西，无论你是寻求帮助的年轻人还是父母。)”可知，这三个网站的共同之处在于它们都有一个家长专栏。故选A项。3．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Sowhetheryou’reinyouryouthoryouwanttohelpsomeoneyoulove,thesearesomeofthebestmentalhealthwebsitesforyoungpeople.(所以，无论你是年轻人还是想帮助你爱的人，这些都是适合年轻人的最好的心理健康网站。)”可知，这篇文章就是介绍一些心理健康网站，写作目的为告知。故选B项。【答案】4．D5．B6．B7．A【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了93岁的DoreenHynd通过太极保持活力，并积极推广中国太极文化的故事。【解析】4．推理判断题。根据第一段“HyndpraisesTaiChifordevelopingawarenessofpeacefulness,invitingthebody,mindandinnerconsciousnesstoworktogether,andofferinganexperienceoflightnessandstrength.(Hynd赞扬太极培养了平静意识，邀请身体、心灵和内在意识共同努力，并提供了一种轻盈和力量的体验)”可知，Hynd认为太极有助于培养平静的意识，使身体、心灵和内在意识协同工作。由此可知，她认为太极是使人平静且整合的。故选D。5．细节理解题。根据第二段“Reflectingonhermission,shestates,“Ihavealwayswantedtobringittothewholeworld.TaiChihasstoodthetestoftimeforcenturiesinChineseculture.”(回顾她的使命，她说：“我一直想把它带到全世界。太极拳在中国文化中经受住了几个世纪的时间考验。”)”可知，Hynd决定推广太极文化的原因是她认为太极文化在中国文化中经受住了时间的考验，具有永不过时的品质。故选B。6．主旨大意题。根据第三段““AlotoftheclassesIteachareforretiredpeople,whichhasbeenoneofthemostinspiringaspectsofmylife,”Hyndshared.Overher24yearsofteachingTaiChi,shehaswitnessedmiracles(奇迹),suchasastudentwithseriousbraindamagerecoveringmemoriesafterayearofpractice,despitedoctorsconsideringitimpossible.“SomestudentsinpoorhealthlearnedaboutmethroughthecollegeIworkedatinCanada,andthey’vestayedwithmesince,”sheadded,smilingbroadly.(“我教的很多课程都是为退休人员开设的，这是我生活中最鼓舞人心的方面之一，”Hynd分享道。在她24年的太极拳教学中，她目睹了奇迹，例如，一名患有严重脑损伤的学生在经过一年的练习后恢复了记忆，尽管医生认为这是不可能的。“一些健康状况不佳的学生通过我在加拿大工作的大学了解了我，从那以后他们一直和我在一起，”她补充道，笑容满面)”可知，本段举例说明太极让一个脑部受伤的学生恢复了记忆、改善了一些学生的健康状况。由此可知，本段主要讨论的是太极对健康的好处。故选B。7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“AccordingtoCaoGuozhong,agreatTaiChimaster,HyndhasabsorbedtheessenceofChineseculturethroughTaiChi.“Hyndlovestolistencarefullytoothers,approachthemwithunderstanding,andtransformenemiesintofriends,”CaoGuozhongexplained.“ShereflectsthephilosophyfoundintheancientChinesetext,IChing,whichdiscusseschangeintheworld.”(据伟大的太极大师曹国忠介绍，Hynd通过太极吸收了中国文化的精髓。曹国忠解释说：“Hynd喜欢认真倾听他人，以理解的态度接近他们，把敌人变成朋友。”。她反映了中国古代《易经》中关于世界变化的哲学思想)”可知，曹国忠认为Hynd通过太极吸收了中国文化的精髓，接着作者直接引用曹国忠的话来加以印证。由此可知，曹国忠提到《易经》是为了支持、证明他前面提到的观点。故选A。【答案】8．C9．B10．D11．B【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了食物是文化的基础，食物的词汇是一个了解其价值观和优先级的窗口，食物是文化的重要组成部分。【解析】8．细节理解题。根据第二段中“TheculturalpsychologistPaulRozinhasfoundthatwhenFrenchandAmericanresearchparticipantsareaskedwhatcomestomindwhenthinkingoffriedeggs,theFrenchsay“breakfast”whileAmericanssay“cholesterol(胆固醇)”.TheFrenchthinkofthecookingexperience;Americansthinkofwhatisenteringthebloodstream.(文化心理学家保罗·罗津（PaulRozin）发现，当法国和美国的研究参与者被问及想到煎蛋时脑海中浮现的是什么时，法国人说是“早餐”，而美国人说是“胆固醇”。法国人想到的是烹饪体验；美国人考虑的是进入血液的是什么)”可知，法国人想到的是烹饪体验，而美国人想到的是食物进入血液后对健康的影响。这表明不同文化对食物的关注点不同，即不同文化在食物的不同方面有优先考虑的点。故选C项。9．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Anotherdinersittingnearbyhappilyisslurpinghisnoodlesandthejoyhegetsfromaudibly(声音地)andphysicallyinteractingwithhisfoodisinfectious.Beforetheyknowit,eventheteacherisalsoslurpinghernoodles.(另一位坐在附近的食客正在开心地吃着面条，他从声音和身体上与食物互动中获得的快乐是有传染性的。在他们意识到之前，就连老师也在吃面条时发出声音)”可知，旁边一位食客开心地出声吃面条，他从与食物的互动中获得的快乐是有感染力的，甚至老师也受影响开始出声吃面条。这强调了愉快用餐的吸引力。故选B项。10．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“foodpracticesandtraditionshelpcommunicateculturalvalues,reproducethosevaluesovertimeandacrossgenerations,andhelpimproveagroup’ssenseofhavingadistinctidentity,differentfromothergroups.(饮食习惯和传统有助于文化价值观的交流，随着时间的推移和代际的变化，这些价值观得以复制，并有助于提高一个群体的独特身份感，与其他群体不同)”可知，食物习俗和传统有助于传达文化价值观，在时间和代际间传承这些价值观，并有助于提升一个群体有别于其他群体的独特身份感。这体现了食物加强文化价值观和独特性的功能。故选D项。11．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章第一段指出食物是世界各地文化的基础，能将人们联系起来；接着通过保罗・罗津的研究、电影《蒲公英》中的场景以及不同人对菜肴的不同做法等例子，阐述了食物与文化的关系；最后一段总结食物习俗和传统对传达文化价值观、提升群体独特身份感的作用。所以文章主要讲述的是食物是连接文化的桥梁。故选B项。【答案】12．A13．B14．C15．D【分析】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍鸟的睡眠周期短且部分大脑清醒，还阐述其站着睡的平衡机制及欧椋鸟的特殊情况。【解析】12．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Thesleepcycleduringourdeepestsleeplastsforseveralminutes,butinbirds,itlastshardly10seconds;theywillkeeponepartoftheirbrainawake,whichyoumightnoticewhenabirdhasoneeyeopen.Thiswillallowbirdstorunawayfromahuntatamoment’snotice,evenwhenthey’reinthemiddleofasleep.(人类深度睡眠的睡眠周期持续几分钟，但鸟类的睡眠周期不到10秒；它们会让大脑的一部分保持清醒，当一只鸟睁开一只眼睛时，你可能会注意到这一点。这将使鸟类能够在接到通知后立即逃跑，即使它们正在睡觉)”可知，我们深度睡眠会持续几分钟，但鸟类的睡眠深度仅持续10秒左右。并且，鸟类会保持一半大脑处于清醒状态。这样短暂且灵活的睡眠方式使它们即使在睡眠中也能随时逃避猎食者。由此可知，划线词This在这里指代鸟类浅的睡眠方式。故选A。13．细节理解题。根据第三段“Sowhenabirdlowersitself,itstalons(爪子)automaticallyandinvoluntarilybendandholdontightlytothebranch,anduntilthelegisstraightened,thetalonswillnotrelax.Thekeybehindthismechanism(机制)isthebird’sflexortendons(屈肌腱)thatconnectmusclestobones.Theflexortendonstretches,thusbendingthebird’stoes.(因此，当一只鸟放下身体时，它的爪子会自动地、不自觉地弯曲，紧紧地抓住树枝，直到腿伸直，爪子才会放松。这种机制背后的关键是连接肌肉和骨骼的屈肌腱。屈肌腱伸展，从而使鸟的脚趾弯曲)”可知，鸟类弯下身时，它的爪子会自动且不由自主地弯曲，紧紧抓住树枝，除非腿部伸直才会放开。这一机制的关键在于鸟类的屈肌腱，它连接了肌肉和骨骼，伸展时会使得鸟类的脚趾弯曲牢牢锁住树枝以保持平衡。B选项“伸展使爪子弯曲并锁住”符合题意。故选B。14．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Birdsarevariedandunique,exhibitingdifferentbodies,physiologies,andbehaviorsdependingonwhichspecies,genus,orfamilyonestudies.Sleepcyclesdifferjustaswidely.Whilewemaynotknowthewholestoryyet,thereisnodenyingthatitisremarkablethatbirdsmanagethisbalancingactdaily!”saidSalama,whohasadegreeinlifesciencesandbiochemistryfromSt.Xavier’sCollege,Mumbai.(“鸟类多样而独特，根据研究的物种、属或科的不同，它们表现出不同的身体、生理和行为。睡眠周期的差异也很大。虽然我们可能还不知道整个故事，但不可否认的是，鸟类每天都能做到这种平衡是非常了不起的！”拥有孟买圣泽维尔学院生命科学和生物化学学位的Salama说)”可知，Salama认为：鸟类种类繁多且独特，所以会展现出不同的身体特征、生理结构和行为。同时，它们的睡眠周期同样复杂，我们尚未了解全部情况。由此推知：研究鸟类睡眠是有挑战的。故选C。15．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Onesuchmysteryishowabirdsleeps,especiallywhileit’sonabranch.(其中一个谜是鸟是如何睡觉的，尤其是当它在树枝上的时候)”以及通读全文可知，文章主要解释了鸟类在树上睡觉时不会掉下来的原因。所以“WhyDon’tSleepingBirdsFallOffBranches?(为什么睡觉的鸟不会从树枝上掉下来？)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。【答案】16．B17．C18．E19．G20．A【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是如何通过确定阅读时间、选择书籍类型及装饰书籍等方法，让阅读成为生活中的爱好。【解析】16．根据前文提到“Makingreadingahobbyalsoneedsdetermination.Itmightnotseemthatwayatfirst,butfindingtimetoread,choosingtherightbooks,andstayingfocusedallrequirecarefulplanningandself-control.(让阅读成为一种爱好也需要决心。乍一看似乎不是这样，但找时间阅读，选择合适的书，保持注意力集中都需要仔细的计划和自我控制。)”说明培养阅读爱好需要决心，有一定困难。以及后文“Andit’sreallyworthitifyouwanttomakereadingyourfavouritehobby.(如果你想让阅读成为你最喜欢的爱好，这是非常值得的。)”表示如果想让阅读成为最喜欢的爱好，这是值得的。B选项“Nevertheless,readingisawonderfulhobbytohave.(然而，阅读是一项很棒的爱好。)”起到承上启下的作用，既转折了前面提到的困难，又引出后面阅读值得去做，符合语境。故选B项。17．根据前文“Somestudentslikereadingpaperbooks,feelingthetextureofthepagesandthesmelloftheink.Otherspreferreadinge-booksondeviceslikesmartphones,tablets,ore-readers.(有些学生喜欢读纸质书，感受书页的质感和墨水的味道。其他人更喜欢在智能手机、平板电脑或电子阅读器等设备上阅读电子书。)”介绍了一些学生喜欢纸质书，一些学生喜欢电子书。以及后文“Youcanswitchbetweenthetwoaccordingtodifferentsituations,suchasreadingapaperbookwhenrelaxingonthesofaorane-bookwhenonthego.(您可以根据不同的情况在两者之间切换，例如在沙发上放松时阅读纸质书，或