考研英语阅读理解-(二)

考研英语阅读理解-（二）

（总分：100.00,做题时间：90分钟）

一、{{B}}SectionIReadingComprehension{{/B}}（总题数：4,分数：100.00）

AttheMuseumofSexinNewYorkCity,artificial-intelligenceresearcher

DavidLevyprojectedamockimageonascreenofasmilingbrideina

weddingdressholdinghandswithashortrobotgroom."Whynotmarrya

robot?Lookatthishappycouple,z/hesaidtoalaughingcrowd.

WhenLevywasthenaskedwhetheranyonewhowouldwanttomarryarobot

wasdeceived,hisfacegrewserious.〃Ifthealternativeisthatyouare

lonelyandsadandmiserable,isitnotbettertofindarobotthatclaims

toloveyouandactslikeitlovesyou?”Levyresponded."Doesitreally

matter,ifyou，reahappierperson?”Inhis2007book,LoveandSexwith

Robots,Levycontendsthatsex,loveandevenmarriagebetweenhumansand

robotsarecomingsoonand,perhaps,areevendesirable.〃Iknowsome

peoplethinktheideaistotallypeculiar,hesays."ButIamtotally

convincedit'sinevitable.

The62-year-oldLondonnativehasnotreachedthisconclusiononawhim.

Levy'sacademicloveaffairwithcomputingbeganinhislastyearof

university,duringthevacuum-tubeera.Thatiswhenhebroadenedhis

horizonsbeyondhispassionforchess."Backthenpeoplewrotechess

programstosimulatehumanthoughtprocesses,herecalls.Helaterbecame

engrossedinwritingprogramstocarryonintelligentconversationswith

people,andthenheexploredthewayhumansinteractwithcomputers,a

topicforwhichheearnedhisdoctoratelastyearfromtheUniversityof

MaastrichtintheNetherlands.

Overthedecades,Levynotes,interactionsbetweenhumansandrobotshave

becomeincreasinglypersonal.Whereasrobotsinitiallyfoundwork,say,

buildingcarsinafactory,theyhavenowmovedintothehomeintheform

ofRoombatheroboticvacuumcleaneranddigitalpetssuchasTamagotchis

andtheSonyAibo.

Science-fictionfanshavewitnessedplentyofactionbetweenhumansand

charactersportrayingartificiallife-forms,suchaswithDatafromthe

StarTrekfranchiseortheCylonsfromthere-imaginedBattlestar

Galactica.AndLevyisbettingthatalotofpeoplewillfallinlovewith

suchdevices.Programmerscantailorthemachinestomatchaperson's

interestsorrenderthemsomewhatdisagreeabletocreateadesirable

leveloffrictioninarelationship.〃It'snotthatpeoplewillfallin

lovewithanalgorithmbutthatpeoplewillfallinlovewithaconvincing

simulationofahumanbeing,andconvincingsimulationscanhavea

remarkableeffectonpeople,/zhesays.(分数：25.oo)

(1).Intheopeningparagraph,thesnapshotattheMuseumofSexservesto

A.introducethetopic.

B.provideabackground.

C.explainaphenomenon.

D.summarizethemainidea.

(分数：5.00)

A.J

B.

C.

D.

解析：

(2).DavidLevywouldmostprobablyagreethat

•A.theideaofahumanmarryingarobotistotallycrazy.

•B.deceptionmightresultinahumanmarryingarobot.

•C.robotscanbecreatedcapableoflovingjustashmnansdo.

•D.itisnotimpossibleforahumantomarryarobot.

(分数:5.00)

A.

B.

C.

D.J

解析：

(3).Thephrase"onawhim”(Line1,Paragraph3)mostprobablymeans

•A.inhaste.

•B.allofasudden.

•C.onhisown.

•D.outoftheblue.

(分数：5.00)

A.

B.J

C.

D.

解析：

(4).Roomba,Tamagotchis,andtheSonyAiboarementionedtoshowthat

A.thedevelopmentofrobotsisreallyfascinating.

B.robotshavemadetheircontributionstohousework.

C.robotshavebeentransferredfromfactoriestohomes.

D.humanshavedevelopedamorepersonalrelationshipwithrobots.

（分数:5.00）

A.

B.

C.

D.J

解析：

（5）.InLevy*sview,whyshouldtherobotsbemadesomewhatdisagreeable?

A.Tomatchtheinterestsofhumanbeings.

B.Tomakethemassentimentalashumanbeings.

C.Tovividlyimitatearelationship.

D.Toimprovetheaccuracyoftheirperformances.

（分数：5.00）

A.

B.

C.V

D.

解析：

Ascollegeseniorshurtleintothejobhunt,littleliesontheresume-for

example,claimingadegreewhenthey，rethreecreditsshyof

graduation-seemharmlessenough.Sonewgradsoughttoreadthismemonow:

those20-year-oldfalsehoodsoncream-colored,32-lb.premiumpaperhave

ruinedsomanyhighprofileexecutivesthatyouwonderwhointhebusiness

worldhasn，tgotthemessage.Aresumelistingtwofabricateddegreesled

totheresignationofDavidEdmondson,CEOofRadioShack,inFebruary.

UntruthfulresumehavealsohinderedthecareersofexecutivesattheU.S.

OlympicCommittee.

Theheadlineshaven'tdentedjobseekers，desiretodissembleevenas

employershavegrownincreasinglyabletodetectdeception.InfoLink

ScreeningServices,abackground-checkingcompany,estimatesthat14%of

jobapplicantsintheU.S.lieabouttheireducationontheirresumes.

Employeeswholietogetinthedoorcancauseuntolddamageonabusiness,

expertssay,fromstainingthereputationandcredibilityofafirmto

upendingco-workersandprojectstoignitingshareholderwrath-andthat，s

ifthelieisfoundout.Evenwhenitisn，t,thefalsifiedresumecan

indicateadeeplyrootedinclinationtowardunethicalbehavior.

“There'salotofevidencethatthosewhocheatonjobapplicationsalso

cheatinschoolandinlife,〃saysRichardGrfffith,directorofthe

industrialandorganizationalpsychologyprogramattheFloridaInstitute

ofTechnology.〃Ifsomeonesaystheyhaveadegreeandtheydon，t,I'd

havelittlefaiththatpersonwouldtellthetruthwhenitcameto

financialstatementsandsoon.〃

Employers'fearshavesparkedaboominthebackground-screeningindustry.

Butguardingthehenhousedoeslittlegoodifthefoxisalreadynestled

inside.Tounmaskthedeceiversamongthem,someemployersareconducting

checksuponpromotion.VerifiedPersonmarketsitsabilitytoprovide

ongoingemployeescreeningthroughautomatedcriminalchecks.Withthis

increasedalertnessconiesathornynewdilemma:figuringoutwhetherevery

lieisreallyafireableoffense.Manybossesfeelthataworker，strack

recordonthejobspeaksmorestronglythanastretchedresume,saysJohn

ChallengeroftheoutplacementfirmChallenger,Gray&Christmas.Rather

thanbootingtalentedworkers,Challengersuggests,employersshould

offerapardonperiod.〃Amoratoriumwouldletanyonewhoneedstocome

clean,，zhesaysAndtheculpritcouldalwaysgobacktoschoolandfinish

thatdegree-maybeevenoncompanytime.(分数：25.00)

(1).BycitingtheexamplesofDavidEdmondson,theauthorintendstoshowthat

•A.littleliesontheresumeseemrisk-freetothecompany.

•B.falsehoodsontherestumemayleadtocareercollapse.

•C.high-profileexecutiveshavetobecarefulabouttheirbackground.

•D.fabricateddegreescansometimesbringpositionstoseniorexecutives.

(分数：5.00)

A.

B.V

C.

D.

解析：

(2).Bysaying“Theheadlineshaven*tdentedjobseekers'desiretodissemble”(Line1,Paragraph

2),theauthormeansthat

•A.thenewshasn'tpreventedjobapplicantsfrombeingdishonest.

•B.theheadingshavemadejobseekersmoreeagertohidetheirtruefeelings.

•C.thenewshasn'tanykindofimpactsonjobapplicantsatall.

•D.theheadingshavesucceededinpersuadingjobseekerstogiveuplying.

(分数：5.00)

A.J

B.

C.

D.

解析：

(3).Ifalieisfoundout,oneconsequencewillprobablybe

•A.theincreasednumberoflaid-offcoworkers.

•B.theinterferenceofstakeholders.

•C.thepossibilityofmoreunethicalbehaviors.

•D.theruinedimageofthecompany.

(分数:5.00)

A.

B.

C.

D.J

解析：

(4).Faisehoodonresumeshowsthatthejobseekermay

•A.haveextremeviewstowardsworking.

•B.bemorelikelytocheatinotherfields.

•C.stayhonestinfinancialstatements.

•D.seekotherwaystoconveythetruth.

(分数：5.00)

A.

B.J

C.

D.

解析：

(5).AccordingtoChallenger,whenthebossesscreenoutdeceiversintheircompanies,theytend

to

•A.firethemimmediatelywithout1isteningtoanyexcuses.

•B.evaluatetheirpersonalityagainthroughbackground-screening.

•C.givethemaperiodoftimetomakearemedy.

•D.offeral1talentedemployeestheopportunitiestofinishdegree.

(分数：5.00)

A.

B.

C.J

D.

解析：

Howcouldanybodydislikethenotionoffairness?Everythingisbetter

whenitisfair:ashare,afight,amaiden,oragame.Evendefeatsounds

moreattractivewhenitisfairandsquare.FortheBritishfairplayis

especiallyimportant:withoutit,lifeisn，tcricket.Theircountry

becomesquitepleasantwhentheweatherisfair,thoughunfortunatelyit

rarelyis.Andthesedaysfairtradegoodscrowdtheirsupermarketshelves.

Fairnessisnotonlygood,butalsomoderate,whichisanother

characteristicthattheBritishapproveof.Itdoesnotclaimtoomuch

foritself.Thosewho,oninquiry,admitthattheirhealthandfortunes

arefair-to-middlingnavigatecarefullybetweenthetwindangersof

boastfulnessandi11-temperedness,whilegesturinginachin-upsortof

waytowardsthepossibilityoffutureimprovement.

FairnessappealstotheBritishpoliticalclass,forithasacommonsense

down-to-earthinesswhichavoidsthegrandiosityofAmericanand

continentalEuropeanpoliticaldiscoursewhileaspiringtodoitsbest

forallmen-andofcourseformaidenstoo,fairandotherwise,forone

ofitsvirtuesisthatitdoesnotdiscriminateongroundsofeithergender

orskincolour.

Notsurprising,then,thatBritain，sgovernmentshouldgrabholdofthe

wordandclingtoitinthebuffetingthecoalitionhashadsincethebudget

onJune22ndproposedhighertaxesandevensharperspendingcuts."Tough

butfair"iswhatGeorgeOsborne,theConservativechancellorofthe

exchequer,calledthecutsheannounced."Itisgoingtobetough,but

itisalsoveryfair,〃saidVinceCable,theLiberalDemocratbusiness

secretary.Atlast,somethingtheycouldagreeon.

“Fairness"suitsBritain'scoalitiongovernmentsowellnotjustbecause

itsmeaningsareallpositive,butalsobecausetheyarewide-ranging.

Toonelotofpeople,fairnessmeansestablishingthesamerulesfor

everybody,playingbythem,andlettingthebestmanwinandthewinner

takeall.Toanother,itmeansmakingsurethateverybodygetsequalshares.

Thosetwomeaningsarenotjustdifferent:theyareopposite.They

representachoicethathastobemadebetweenfreedomandequality.Yet

soslippery-andthusconvenienttopoliticians-istheEnglishlanguage

thatasinglewordencompassesboth,andindoingsolosesanyclaimto

meaning.(分数：25.00)

(1).Thestatementwithoutit,lifeisn'tcricket”(Line4,Para.1)reflectsthat

•A.peopleinBritainwantsportstobefairandsquare.

•B.theBritishhighlyvaluethenotionoffairness.

•C.theBritishtreattheirlifeinafairandseriousway.

•D.fortheBritish,lifeisn*tasfairasacricketgame.

(分数:5.00)

A.

B.J

C.

D.

解析：

(2).WhatdoweknowabouttheBritishfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

•A.Theyarehardtoplease.

•B.Theyareniceandmoderate.

•C.Theyarepronetoboastfulness.

•D.Theyaremodestyetoptimistic.

(分数:5.00)

A.

B.

C.

D.V

解析：

(3).GeorgeOsborneandVinceCab1eregardedthespendingcutsasfairbecause

A.thespendingcutsreallyarefairandsquare.

B.theyfinallyseeeyetoeyewitheachother.

C.Britishpoliticians1iketousethatword.

D.theytwoareofthesamepoliticalregime.

(分数：5.00)

A.

B.

C.J

D.

解析：

(4).Theauthorholdsinthelastparagraphthat"fairness”

•A.isthecornerstoneoftheBritain,scoalitiongovernment.

•B.meansdifferentorevenoppositethingstodifferentpeople.

•C.displaystheinclusivenessoftheEnglishlanguage.

•D.hasbecomeaconvenientclichefortheBritishpoliticians.

(分数：5.00)

A.

B.

C.

D.J

解析：

(5).Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

•A.TheBritishvaluethenotionoffairness,especiallyinsportsgames.

•B.ContinentalEuropeanpoliticiansdon'tfavorthenotionoffairness.

•C.Fairnessisvitalformaidenssinceithasnogenderdiscrimination.

•D.FairnesshasbecomeaguidelinesofBritain'scoalitiongovernment.

（分数：5.00）

A.

B.

C.J

D.

解析：

Despiteitsname,Smugglers*Gulchisoneofthetoughestplacestosneak

intoAmerica.ThenarrowvalleynearSanDiegoisdividedbyasteelwall

andwatcheddayandnightbyagentsoftheborderpatrol,whotrackword-be

illegalimmigrantswiththehelpofhelicoptersandundergroundpressure

sensors.Rafael,acementworker,hasalreadybeencanghtjumpingover

thefencefivetimes.YethestillwandersontheMexicansideofthefence,

waitingfornightfallandanotherchancetocross.Howmuchlongerwill

hekeeptrying?”UntilIgetthrough,z，hesays.

LastweektheSenatetried,andfailed,todealwiththeproblemofillegal

immigration.Aftermuchdebateitabandonedabillthatwouldhave

providedmoremoneyforbordersecuritybutalsoallowedmanyillegal

immigrantstoobtainvisas.YetthecollapseoftheSenatebilldoesnot

meanillegalimmigrationwillgoaway,eitherasafactorasanurgent

politicalissue.Indeed,onelikelyconsequencewillbeanoutbreakof

adhoclaw-makingincitiesandstates.

OnesuchplaceisArizona,wherethegovernor,signedabillthisweek

imposingrigidpenaltiesonemployerswhohireillegalimmigrants.Those

whoarecaughtoncewillhavetheirlicensessuspended;asecondoffence

willputthemoutofbusiness.Eventhegovernoradmitsthebillistoo

broadlydrawnandwillbehardtoenforce.Shesignedit,sheexplained,

becausethefederalgovernmenthasshownitselftobeincapableofdealing

withillegalimmigration.

OneintenworkersinArizonaisillegal,accordingtothePewHispanic

Centre.Sothelaw,ifrigorouslyenforced,coulddisruptthestate's

economy,whichsuggestsitwillnotbe.Onelandscapegardenerin

Scottsdalewhoworkedillegallyforthreedecadesandnowpaysillegal

workers$7anhourthinksthemeasureisridiculous."Whoelseisgoing

topicklettucesandtrimtreesinthisheat?”heasks,pointingtothe

sunona47℃day.Hehasnoplanstochangehisways,andsayshewill

simplymoveifheiscaught.

LawssuchasArizona，swillmakelifemoreunpleasantandunprecedented

forillegalworkers.Buttheywillnotcurtaileitherillegalimmigration

orillegalworkingasmuchassupportersclaim.Inanycase,theborder

hasbeensoporousforsolongthatpeoplenowhaveplentyofreasonsto

stealacrossitotherthanwork.Offiveaspiringimmigrantswhospoke

tothecorrespondentinSmugglers'Gulchearlierthisweek,threewere

tryingtojointheirfamilies.(分数：25.oo)

(1).Wecanlearnfromtheopeningparagraphthat

•A.peoplearemisledbythenameSmugglers*Gulch.

•B.Smuggler'sGulchisthetoughestentrancetosteal