考研英语二（阅读）试卷7

考研英语二（阅读）-试卷7

（总分：60.00,做题时间：90分钟）

一、ReadingComprehension（总题数：6,分数：60.00）

1.SectionIIReadingComprehension（分数：10.00）

解析：

2.PartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextby

choosingA,B,CorD.（分数:10,00）

解析：

Americahasseenadropincrimeratesthatinearlieryearswouldhavebeenuniversally

viewedasimpossible.Theoveral1crimeratehasplummetedby45%sincepeakingin1991and

by13%justsince2007-counterintuitivelycontinuingtodropthroughtherecessionand

sharpspikeinunemployment.Since1991,accordingtoFBIdata,thenumberofviolentcrimes

hasfallen36%nationallyand64%inthenation'slargestcities.AndinNewYorkandLos

Angeles,thenation'stwolargestcities,ithasfallenevenfurther.Propertycrimehas

alsobecomeincreasinglyrare.Incredibly,inNewYorkCity,cartheftshaveplunged94%in

thepasttwodecades.Howisthispossible?Inthemid_1990s,fewsawthisdeclinecoming,

andmanywarnedthatcrimewouldsurgeonceagainasteensofthateragrewintoyoung

adults.Today,criminologistsstilldifferonwhathascausedthenationwideturnaroundin

crimeratesandwhythosedirepredictionsnevercametopass.Butcrime-fighting

technology,betterpolicing,agingsocieties,growingurbanpopulationsanddecliningusage

ofharddrugsarewidelycited.FormanyAmericans,thedropincrimehasresultednotonly

inamuchhigherqualityoflifebutinareducedeconomicburdenaswell.Safercities

generallymeanstrongerurbaneconomies.Inthesamecategoryofbigsurprises,teen­

pregnancyrateshavefallentotheirlowestlevelinmorethan30years,accordingtothe

widelyrespectedGuttmacherInstitute.Theyhavedeclined51%fromtheir1990peak,basedon

thelatestavailabledata,andtheteenagebirthrateisdown43%fromthatyearnslevel.

Today,fewerteensarebecomingpregnantandbecomingmothersthanatanypointsince

reliabledatahasbeencollectedbytheNationalCenterforHealthStatistics.Thisisalso

trueforwomeninthe20-to-24agegroup.Toputitmildly,therewereveryfewpredictions

tothiseffectagenerationago.Inaddition,overallbirthratesintheU.S.haveturnedup

forthefirsttimesince2007—includingforchildrenborntowomeninacollegeeducation-

tojustshyof4million.（分数:10.00）

（1）.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?（分数：2.00）

A.ThecrimeratesinAmericaremained13%since2007.

B.ThecrimerateshavedeclinedinAmericaandothercountries.

C.ThecrimeratesinAmericareacheditshighestlevelintheyear1991.V

D.Duringtherecessionandthetoplevelofunemploymentcrimeratesrose.

解析：解析：［A］项对应原文：Theoveral1crimeratehasplummetedby45%sincepeakingin

199landby13%justsince2007.原文说的是自2007年起总体犯罪率降低13%,而非选项中说的保持

13%,故该项错误。［B］项前半句是正确的，错在后半句的andothercountries,因为本文讨论的是美

国的犯罪率，并未出现其他国家。［C］项对应原文：Theoveral1crimeratehasplum—metedby45%

sincepeakingin1991…其中peaking表示顶点,即1991年犯罪率达到顶点,该项是本句话的同义替

换，故为答案。选项［D］对应原文：...dropthroughtherecessionandsharpspikein

unemployment.原文提到的一个关键词是drop,而非该项的rose,故该项错误。

（2）.Wecanconcludefromthesecondparagraphthat_.（分数：2.00）

A.propertycrimehasalsobeenincreasinglikeviolentcrime

B.thenumberofviolentcrimeshasfallen36%inthebiggestcities

C.inNewYorkCity,cartheftshavedroppedto94%inthepasttwodecades

D.theviolentcrimeshavebecomefewerinAmerica,especiallyinbigcitiesJ

解析：解析：选项［A］对应原文：Propertycrimehasalsobecomeincreasinglyrare.文章提到

propertycrime是越来越少而不是越来越多，故该项错误。［B］项对应原文：Since1991,according

toFBIdata,thenumberofviolentcrimeshasfallen36%nationallyand64%inthenation's

largestcities.通过阅读该句可以知道，36%是全国的数据而非最大城市的数据，最大城市的降幅是

64%。故该项错误。选项［C］对应原文：Incredibly,inNewYorkCity,cartheftshaveplunged94%

inthepasttwodecades.表面看该项和原文几乎是一样的，不一样的地方是dropto94%和原文的

plunged94%,其中drop=plunge。plunge-词原意是"跳水",引申为"缩水，缩小，减少”的意思,

而该项设置的陷阱在于介词to,原文说"plunged94%减少94%”,而该项说的却是“droppedto94%

减少至94%”,故错误。选项［D］对应该段第一句话：Since1991,accordingtoFBIdata,thenumber

ofviolentcrimeshasfallen36%nationallyand64%inthenation'slargestcities.由此可

知，全国暴力犯罪率降低，尤其是大城市，故该项是正确的。

（3）.WhichoneisNOTthepossiblereasonofthedroppingcrimerates?（分数：2.00）

A.Betterpolicing.

B.Bettereducation.J

C.Agingsocieties.

D.Declininguseofdrugs.

解析：解析：根据题干定位到原文第三段第三、四句：Today,criminologistssti11differonwhat

hascausedthenationwideturnaroundincrimeratesandwhythosedirepredictionsnevercame

topass.Butcrime-fightingtechnology,betterpolicing,agingsocieties,growingurban

populationsanddecli—ningusageofharddrugsarewidelycited.大意为：对于犯罪率降低的原

因犯罪学家观点不一致，但是……，要特别注意But一词后面的内容，But后面列出一系列短语，并说道

它们被广泛引述，也就是说广泛认为这些是原因。而选项中只有［B］Bettereducation没有出现，故该项

为答案。

（4）.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?（分数：2.00）

A.Birthrates,includingforchildrenborntocollegegirls,areslippingallthetime.

B.Fewpeoplehavepredictedthedropofteen-pregnancyratesagenerationago.J

C.Basedonthelatestavailabledata,teen-pregnancyrateshavedropped43%.

D.Fewerwomenabove24becomepregnantthanagenerationago.

解析：解析：［A］项对应最后一句：Inaddition,overal1birthratesintheU.S.haveturnedup

forthefirsttimesince2007-includingforchildrenborntowomeninacollegeeducation-

tojustshyof4million.关键词是turnedup,即上升的意思，而非下滑，故该项错误。［B］项对应倒

数第二句：Toputitmildly,therewereveryfewpredictionstothiseffectageneration

ago.其中Ihiseffect指代上文提到的“年轻女孩的怀孕率和生育率下降了"，故该项正确。［C］项属于

偷换概念。原文说的下降43%的是teenagebirthrate（青少年生育率），而非该项说的teen-pregnancy

rates（青少年怀孕率），故该项错误。［D］项对应倒数第三句：Thisisalsotrueforwomeninthe20-

to-24agegroup.原文并未提到任何关于womenabove24（24岁以上女性）的内容，故该项属于无中生

有。

（5）.Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe.（分数：2.00）

A.AmericansCrimeRateAndTeenageBirthrate:SurprisinglyDownJ

B.America'sCrimeRateDropsWhi1eTeen-pregnancyRateIncreases

C.WillCrimeRateAndTeenageBirthrateRemainLowintheFuture

D.DeclineofCrimeRateintheUS:SomethingThatHasBeenPredicted

解析：解析：本文前三段讨论美国犯罪率下降，最后一段讨论青少年怀孕率也同时下降：同时原文第三段

首句指出：Howisthispossible?Inthemid-1990s,fewsawthisdeclinecoming,andmanywarned

thatcrimewou1dsurgeonceagainasteensofthateragrewintoyoungadults.最后-一段倒数

第二句又指出：Toputitmildly,therewereveryfewpredictionstothiseffecta

generationago.文中两次提到犯罪率和青少年怀孕率下降是很多人没有预测到的，其中选项［A］中的

surprisinglydown可以体现出这点，故选项［A］正确。选项［B］中的leen-pregnancyrateincreases明

显错误。选项［C］中的inthefuture文章没有讨论。选项［D］中的hasbeenpredicted与原文不符。

Surveysfindentrenched（根深蒂固的）pessimismoverthecountry'seconomicoutlookandoverall

trajectory（轨道）.InthelatestWallStreetJournalpoll,63%oftherespondentssaidtheUS

isonthewrongtrack.It〃snotdifficulttoseewhy.SetasidethegridlockinWashington

foramomentandappreciatetheweaknessoftheeconomicrecovery:Householdswhosefinances

weretooweaktospend.Largenumbersofunemployedworkerswhocouldnz/tdosoeither.

YoungerAmericanswhocouldn'taffordtheirownhomes.Banksthatweretoobrokentolend.

Yetnearlyayearago,IwroteanessayforTimesuggestingthattheeconomycouldsurprise

ontheupside.Thathypothesislooksevenmorevalidtoday.Despitethepessimisticmood,

Americaisexperiencingaprofoundcomeback.Yes,toomanyAmericansareoutofworkand

havebeenforfartoolong.Andyes,thereisahugeamountofslacktomakeup.Infact,if

the2008collapsehadnothappened,theUSGDPwouldbe$1trillion—ormorethan5%一

higherthanitistoday.Butintermsofthegrowthoutlook,thenewsisgood.Go1dmanSachs

andmanyprivate-sectorforecastersprojecta3.3%growthratefortheremainderof2014.

Thefirsthalfof2014sawthebestjob-creationratein15years.Totalhouseholdwealth

andprivateemploymentsurpassed2008levelslastyear.Bankloanstobusinessesexceeded

previoushighsthisyear.Andincomegrowthwillsoonimprovetoo.Americaisfinally

returningtowhereitwassevenyearsago.AshaltingastheUSrecoveryhasbeen,the

economyisnowleanerandmorecapableofhealth-y,sustainedgrowththrough2016and

beyond.TheUSoutlookshinescomparedwiththatoftherestoftheindustrializedworld,as

EuropeandJapanarestagnant.The2008economiccrisisandGreatRecessionforced

widespreadrestructuringthroughouttheUSeconomy—notuniikeacompanygrittingitsteeth

throughalifesavingbankruptcy.Manufacturingcostsaredown.Thebankingsystemhasbeen

recapitaiized.Theexcessandabusethatdefinedthehousingmarketaregone.Andit〃sall

beingturbochargedbyanenergyboomnobodysawcoming.（分数：10.00）

（1）.MostrespondentsoftheWallStreetJournalpoll_____.（分数：2.00）

A.arepessimisticaboutAmericansgeneraltrackJ

B.areoptimisticaboutthecountry'soutlook

C.appreciateAmerica'seconomicrecovery

D.feelthattheycouldn'taffordahouse

解析：解析：根据题干对应到原文第二句：InthelatestWallStreetJournalpoll,63%ofthere­

spondentssaidtheU.S.isonthewrongtrack.由onthewrongtrack可知大多数人对于美国是

持悲观态度的，而第一段首句的pessimism也强调了这种态度，故选项［A］是正确的。选项［B］与事实相

反，文章说的是“悲观"而非“乐观"。［C］项对应第一段中间一句话：...appreciatetheweakness

oftheeconomicrecovery…其中强调了weakness—词，故该项错误。选项［D］对应原文：Younger

Americanswhocouldn'taffordtheirownhomes.该项是对文章该句话的曲解，文章说的是younger

Americans而非mostrespondents,故该项错误。

（2）.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,whichoneistrue?（分数：2.00）

A.TheUSGDPhasreached$1trillionin2008.

B.The2008GDPintheUSishigherthanitistoday.

C.Americaisrecoveringdespiteitspeople^spessimism.J

D.SomanyAmericansareoutofworkthatitseconomycollapsed.

解析：解析：［A］和［B］两项均对应原文:Infact,ifthe2008collapsehadnothappened,the

U.S.GDPwouldbe$1trillion一ormorethan5%一higherthanitistoday.该句意为：事实

上，如果2008年的经济危机没有发生，美国的国内生产总值将会比今天的数值要高出一万亿美元或者说

高出5%。选项［A］意为：美国的国内生产总值在2008年达到了一万亿美元。选项［B］意为：美国2008年

的国内生产总值比今天的要高。很明显，两项均是对原文的曲解，故错误。［C］项对应原文：Despitethe

pessimisticmood,Americaisexperiencingaprofoundcomeback.选项［C］和这句话是同义替换关

系，故正确。文章提到loomanyAmericansareoutofwork,也提到2008collapse,但并没有说是因

为太多人失业导致经济崩溃的，故选项［D］错误。

（3）.WhichoneisNOTthegoodnewsmentionedinthetext?（分数：2.00）

A.Bankloans.

B.Housingprice.J

C.Incomegrowth.

D.Privateemployment.

解析：解析：文章题目设置在第三段，第三段第三行先出现了householdwealthandprivate

employmentsurpassed这样的词，说明就业率增加了，是一个好消息。而后面提到bankloans,ex一

ceeded这些词，说明银行贷款增加了。最后提到incomegrowthwillsoonimprovetoo收入也将会增

加，所有这些都是本段提到的goodnews,唯独未提及的是选项［B］Housingprice,故为答案。

（4）.Welearnfromthelastparagraphthat.（分数：2.00）

A.nobodyhaspredictedtheenergyboombeforeJ

B.EuropeandJapan'soutlookisbetterthanAmerica

C.the2008economiccrisishasdestroyedUSEconomy

D.theAmericaneconomyhasbeenstagnantsince2008

解析：解析：选项［A］对应原文第四段尾句：Andit'sallbeingturbochargedbyanenergyboom

no-bodysawcoming.即使当中有些词看不懂，我们至少应该读懂anenergyboomnobodysawcoming,

这句话的理解至关重要，这句话的意思是：没人预见的能源热潮。与选项［A］的内容相符，故选项［A］为答

案。［B］项对应原文：TheU.S.outlookshinescomparedwiththatoftherestofthe

industrializedworld,asEuropeandJapanalestagnant.其中shines（闪闪发光），以及Europe

andJapanarestagnant都表明「美国的前景超过其余国家，［B］项所述错误。选项［C］destroyed一词有

误，原文提到2008年的经济危机，但并未说它击垮了美国经济，故该项错误。文章出现了stagnant（停

滞不前），是在形容欧洲和E1本，而非美国，故选项［D］错误。

（5）.Whatistheauthor-sattitucietowardsAmericansoutlook?（分数：2.00）

A.Skeptical.

B.Indifferent.

C.Pessimistic.

D.Optimistic.J

解析：解析：文章前两段提到美国人民对于美国前景大多是悲观的，从第三段的but开始转折提到作者的

观点，可见作者的观点和大多数美国人民的观点相反，初步判断是“optimistic乐观的”，而非

“pessimistic悲观的"。第三段的growth,surpassed,exceeded,improve都体现了美国前景是好

的，第四段的healthy,sustainedgrowth,shines,energyboom等词也体现了美国经济恢复，美国前

景比较好，因此作者的态度应该是“optimistic乐观的”。即选项［D］为答案。

Thecountry'sbiggestchallengenowistheplightoflower-incomeAmericans,whoareunder

severeandsustainedeconomicpressure.Today,Americaresemblesataleoftwocities.Those

whoownhomesorstockshavebenefitedfromtherecoveryintheseassetclassesandare

movingupagain.But40%ofworking-agefamiliesearn$40,000ayearorless.Generally

theylivewithin250%oftheofficialpovertylevel,whichistheeligibilitythresholdfor

foodstamps.Indeed,judgingfromcurrenttrends,halfoftoday's20-year-oldswillreceive

foodstampsduringtheiradultlives.Morebroadly,medianhouseholdincomeisstill8%

belowtheprecrisislevel,andthosewhohavenotcompletedcollegeareseeingdeciinesin

anticipatedlifetimeearningscomparedwiththeirpeerswithcollegedegrees.Thisisthe

primaryeconomicchallenge.Ifathirdofthepopulationhaslittlepurchasingpower,it

willbehardtoachievethedesiredrateoflong-termgrowth.TheUSneedstoimprovethe

workskillsofthisgroup,strengthenthesocialsafetynetandincreasethenumberofyoung

Americansreceivingaful1collegeeducation.Althoughdoingmoretorelievethefinancial

burdensofworkingAmericansisgoodeconomics,itisalso,andperhapsmoreimportant,a

matterofvalues.Formuchofthe20thcenturyAmericansstrove,withmuchsuccess,tobuild

afairerandmoreinclusivesociety.Buttoday,toomanyworkingfamiliesareliving

paychecklopaycheckoreveninoutrightpoverty,whilethetoeholds（克服困难的办法）lo

economicstabilitybecomefewerandfartherbetween.Withtheeconomy'snearandmediumterm

economicoutlookstrong,nowisthetimetoremovethebarriersthatarekeepinghardworking

Americanswalkingafartoothinfinancialline.（分数：10.00）

（1）.ThebiggestchallengethatAmericafacesis_____.（分数：2.00）

A.financialcrisis

B.highdivorcerate

C.economicpressure

D.lower-incomegroupJ

解析：解析：本题简单,答案出现在首段首句：Thecountry*sbiggestchallengenowistheplight

oflower—incomeAmericans,whoareundersevereandsustainedeconomicpressure.可见答案是

low—er—incomegroup,即选项［D］为答案。

（2）.Weknowfromthefirstparagraphthat.（分数：2.00）

A.halfofAmericansreceivefoodstampsduringtheiradultlives

B.mostAmericansareundersevereandsustainedeconomicpressure

C.thosewhohaven'tfinishedtheircollegeearnmorethantheirpeers

D.beforetheeconomiccrisis,medianfamilyincomeishigherthantoday'sV

解析：解析：选项［A］对应原文：Indeed,judgingfromcurrenttrends,halfoftoday*s20一

year一oldswi11receivefoodstampsduringtheiradult1ives.原文说的是按照当前趋势预计未来

会怎么样，但本身这件事并未发生，故选项［A］是错误的。选项［B］对应原文：Thecountrysbiggest

challengenowistheplightoflower-incomeAmericans,whoareundersevereandsustained

economicpres一sure.文章说的是低收入美国人长期面临经济压力，而非大多数美国人。文章并未说低

收入美国人有多少，即使后文提到了40%,也未达到大多数。故该项错误。［C］项对应原

文：...thosewhohavenotcompletedcollegeareseeingdeclinesinanticipatedlifetime

earningscomparedwiththeirpeerswithcollegedegrees.文章说的是未完成大学学业的群体收入更

低，与该项表述完全相反，故该项错误。选项［D］对应原文：...medianhouseholdincomeisstill

8%belowtheprecrisislevel.大意为：中等家庭收人比经济危机前水平要低。而该项意为：在经济

危机前，中等家庭收入比今天的要高。该项是对原文这句话的改写，故选项［D］是正话反说，是正确的。

（3）.Inordertoachievelong-termgrowth,theU.S.needstodoal1EXCEPT（分数：

2.00）

A.betteringitspeople^sworkskills

B.strengtheningthesocialsafetynet

C.providingmoreworkopportunitiesJ

D.encouragingmorestudentstofinishtheircollege

解析：解析：根据long—termgrowth定位到第二段第二句，答案出现在第三句：TheU.S.needs

toimprovetheworkskillsofthisgroup,strengthenthesocialsafetynetandincreasethe

numberofyoungAmericansreceivingafullcollegeeducation.其中improvetheworkskills对

应选项［A］；strengthenthesocialsafetynet对应选项［B］；increasethenumberofyoung

Americansreceivingafullcollegeeducation对应选项［D］。故答案为选项［C］。

（4）.Thelasttwoparagraphstellusthat.（分数：2.00）

A.agreatnumberofworkingfami1iesinAmericaarepoortodayJ

B.America'seconomysituationhasbeensustainedandstablesofar

C.Americahasafairerandmoreinclusivesocietythanothercountries

D.manyAmericansarelivingunderpovertylineandtheeconomicoutlookisbad

解析：解析：答案出现在第三段but之后：Buttoday,toomanyworkingfamiliesarelivingpay­

checktopaycheckoreveninoutrightpoverty.其中提到许多工作家庭面临贫困,故［A］是正确的。

选项［B］对应原文：...whilethetoeholdstoeconomicstabilitybecomefewerandfarther

between.其中提到使经济稳定的办法越来越少，可见选项［B］表述的“美国经济情况如今已经持续稳定”

是错误的。选项［C］对应原文：Formuchofthe20thcenturyAmericansstrove,withmuchsuccess,

tobuildafairerandmoreinclusivesociety.文章提到美国致力于建设平等包容的社会，并没有与

其他国家进行对比，因此该项的thanothercountries是错误的。选项［D］中的theeconomicoutlook

isbad与原文最后一段首句的economicoutlookstrong截然相反，故错误。

(5).Theunderlinedphrase“livingpaychecktopaycheck”(Para3,line4)probablymeans.

(分数：2.00)

A.leadingawell-offlife

B.gettingtoomuchpaycheck

C.livingfarbetterthanpovertyline

D.livingundergreateconomicpressuresJ

解析：解析：语义题要从上下文寻找同义替换，原文提到：Buttoday,toomanyworkingfamiliesare

livingpaychecktopaycheckoreveninoutrightpoverty.其中or一词提示并列，后面出现

poverty一词，故我们知道livingpaychecktopaycheck是接近贫困的意思。而选项［A］“过着富裕的

生活”明显错误。［B］项”获得太多的工资”也明显与之不符。选项［C］“过着远远超过贫困线的生活”也

是在强调不贫困，故只有选项［D］“生活在巨大的经济压力下”是对的。

Onereasonwhyshareholderactivismhasbeenincreasingisthatregulatorshaveencouraged

it,especiallyonpay.ForadecadeBritainhasrequiredfirmstogiveshareholdersanon­

bindingannualvoteonexecutivepay.ThecolossalDodd-Frankactof2010gaveshareholders

inAmericancompaniesa"sayonpay”,too.Nowcomestwonewmoves.OnMarch3rdtheSwiss

votedtoobligefirmstoholdabindingannualvoteondirector*spay:inthesmalIprint,

thereferendumalsobannedgoldenhandshakesandseverancepackagesforboardmembers,and

bonusesthatencouragethebuyingorsellingoffirms.ThenonMarch5thEUfinance

ministers(withonlyBritainobjecting)agreedtocapbankers"bonusesto100%oftheirbasic

salary,or200%ifshareholdersvoteforit.IftheSwisshadmerelygivenshareholdersan

annualvoteonpay,itwou1dhavebeenagoodthing;buttheaccompanyingbansarenot.

Therearetimeswhenagoldenhandshaketoatalentedmanagercanbeinshareholders*

interests:farbettertolettheownersvoteonitthanrestrictthefirmfromtryingit.

TheEU〃sproposalhaslessstilltorecommendit.Therationaleforitisthatbanking

bonuseshaveencouragedrisktaking,becausetheyrewardbankershugelyforbetsthatcome

offandpunishthemonlysiightlyforthosethatdon〃t.Butbankshavecomealongwaysince

thecrisis,bydeferringbonusesandmakingthempartlypayableintheirowndebtand

equity.Bluntlawscouldunderminesuchprogress.Andbonuscapswilleitherholdpaydown,

thussendingcleverpeopleelsewhere,orpushupsalaries,thusmakingpaylessresponsive

toperformance.Enpoweringshareholdersisagoodidea;requiringthemtochannelpopulist

furyisnot.(分数：10.00)

(1).TheDodd-Frankactof2010gaveshareholdersinAmericancompanies.(分数：2.00)

A.arighttodecidetheirowninterests

B.arighttoappointnewexecutives

C.arighttovoteonexecutivepayV

D.arighttoincreasethesalary

解析：解析：根据Dodd-Frankactof2010定位到首段尾句：ThecolossalDodd-Frankactof

2010gaveshareholdersinAmericancompaniesa"sayonpay”,too.根据对比可以知道答案是

a"sayonpay"，而这个短语的意思比较难理解。通过to。一词，可以知道它等于上文give后面的内

容，即anon—bindingannualvoteonexecutivepay,而这个句子和选项［C］最接近，故选项［C］为答

案。

(2).Whatcanbelearnedfromthesecondparagraph?(分数：2.00)

A.Executives^payandbonusesmaybecurbed.J

B.Employees"salarieswillbelowerthanbefore.

C.Directors"paywillbedecidedbythegovernment.

D.Thenewmoveswillbefavoredbyboardmembers.

解析：解析：该题答案来源于第二段第二句：OnMarch3rdtheSwissvotedtoobligefirmsto

holdabindingannualvoteondirector'spay：inthesmallprint,thereferendumalsobanned

goldenhand-shakesandseverancepackagesforboardmembers,andbonusesthatencouragethe

buyingorsellingoffirms.其中，bindingannual