小升初英语语法讲义：连词

PAGE年级六年级学科英语版本通用版课程标题小升初英语语法讲义：连词学习目标1.了解连词的概念、功能和分类。2.并列连词从属连词and,but,or,so,therefore,yet,however,for,aswellas,both…and,notonly…butalso,either…or,neither…norwhen,while,before,after,until,since,if,unless,assoonas,so…that,such…that,because,as,although,though,eventhough(if)3.掌握由if，assoonas等引导的条件状语从句。考点梳理一、连词的概念：连词是一种虚词，不能独立担任句子成分。连词在句中主要起连接词与词、短语与短语及句子与句子的作用。二、并列连词（一）并列连词的分类：表示意思转折的连词but,yet,however表示因果关系的连词for,so,therefore其他并列连词and,or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso,both…and,aswellas例句：Heisonly12,butheisstrongenough.他只有12岁，但他足够强壮。She’llbebackeitherthisweekornextweek.她将在这周或下周回来。Ihaveabrotherandsister.我有一个哥哥和一个姐姐。（二）并列连词的用法：1.并列连词and和or：①and和or是用得最多的并列连词，可以用于连接：a.两个并列的动词：Weweresinginganddancingallevening.整个晚上我们都在唱歌跳舞。b.名词、形容词等：Thisappleisbigandred.这个苹果又大又红。Wouldyoulikefishorbeef?你想要点鱼还是牛肉？c.两个并列的分句（句子）：IsaiditandImeantit.我说话算数。②区别：and用于肯定句，or多用于否定和疑问句。【提问】Doyouwanttoliveinthecity__________thecountry?Iwon’tgotothepark_______themuseum.Iprefertostayathome.③or用于肯定句，表示“否则”：例句：Don’tdrivesofast,oryou’llhaveanaccident.别开这么快，不然你会出车祸。【考题链接】（1）—Idon'tlikechicken___fish. —Idon'tlikechicken,___Ilikefishverymuch. A.and；andB.and；butC.or；butD.or；and 答案：C解析：否定句中表并列关系时用or,but在句中表转折。（2）判断改错：Theysatdownandtalkaboutsomething.() Theystartedtodanceandsang.() Isawtwomensittingbehindandwhisperthere.()答案：×××解析：第一句：and连接两个并列的谓语，所以talk应改为talked。第二句：and连接两个并列的动词不定式，第二个不定式往往省略to，因此sang应改为sing。第三句：and连接感官动词，saw后面是用作宾补的两个并列分词结构，因此whisper应改为whispering。2.表示意思转折的连词：but,howeverbut和however都表示转折，意为“但是，然而”。最明显的区别就是however是单独使用的，其前后有逗号隔开。比较：Heusedtobeagooddriver,however,hehadatrafficaccidentyesterday.Heusedtobeagooddriver，buthehadatrafficaccidentyesterday.3.表示因果关系的连词： ①for可以表示“因为”Thedayswereshort,foritwasnowDecember.白天很短，因为现在已经是十二月了。②so表示结果，可译为“因此”、“所以”。Ourbagswereheavy,sowetookataxi.我们的箱子很重，因此我们乘坐了出租车。【小窍门】因为所以，有我没你③therefore也表示“因此”Hehadgone;shethereforegavethemoneytome.他走了，于是她把钱给了我。4.both...and的用法用于连接两个表示并列关系的名词或代词。意为“……和……都”。BothSallyandKatyarestudents.Sally和Katy都是学生。5.就近原则：（1）neither…nor…NeitherLucynorLilyisanurse.（2）either…or…EitherJimorPeterisright.（3）notonly…butalso…Notonlyyoubutalsohelikesfootball.（4）not…but…NotJimbutPeterbrokethecup.【对比】与both…and…的比较6.aswellas的用法:可以用来连接两个相同的成分，如名词、形容词、动词、介词，通常不位于句首。意为“还有”、“不但……而且……”。Ihavereadoneofhisnovelsaswellasafewofhisplays.我读过他的一本小说和几个剧本。三、从属连词：1.分类：引导连词时间when,while,before,after,until,since条件if,unless,assoonas结果so…that,such…that原因because,as,since让步although,though,eventhough(if)2.引导时间：when: Don’tgetexcitedwhenyoutalk.讲话时别激动。while: Wemuststrikewhiletheironishot.我们要趁热打铁。before: Itwillbefiveyearsbeforewemeetagain.我们五年后才能再相见。after: I’lltellthemafteryouleave.我将在你走后告诉他们。until: Ididn’tfinishmyhomeworkuntil10p.m.yesterday.昨天我直到晚上10点才完成作业。since: HowlongisitsinceyoucametoLondon?你到伦敦有多久了？3.引导条件：if:Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillhavetostayathome.如果明天下雨，我们将待在家里。unless:Iwon’twriteunlesshewritesfirst.除非他先写，否则我不写。assoonas:I’llwatchTVassoonasIfinishmyhomework.我写完作业后就去看电视。【注意】if的另一个含义：引导宾语从句，译成“是否”。MyfriendaskedmeifIcouldgoshoppingwithher.我的朋友问我是否能和她一起去购物。4.引导结果：so…that:Hewassofatthathecouldn’tgetthroughthedoor.他胖得连门都过不去了。such…that:Jimmadesuchanoisethathissistertoldhimtobequiet.吉姆太吵闹了，他姐姐让他安静点。【so与such比较】其用法由so与such的不同词性决定。such是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组；so是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。还可与表示数量的形容词many，few，much，little连用，形成固定搭配。so+adj.such+n.sofoolishsonicesuchafoolsuchaniceflower【提问】翻译句子：她太小，还不能上学。———————————————————————————————————答案：Sheissoyoungthatshecan’tgotoschool.5.引导原因：because:Becauseitrainedhetookataxi.由于下雨他叫了一辆出租车。as:Asyou’resorry,I’llforgiveyou.既然你悔悟了，我就原谅你。since:Sinceyouwillgothere,Iwillgotoo.既然你会去，那我也去。6.引导让步：although/though:Though/Althoughitisnotlarge,theroomisfulloflight.房间虽然不大，采光却很好。evenif/though:They’llstandbyyouevenifyoudon’tsucceed.即使你不成功，他们也会支持你。【考题链接】选择最佳答案：()1.Doyoulikeasweater______acoat?A.butB.orC.andD.not()2.EitherMary______Lucytoldhimtocometoseeus.A.orB.andC.withD.nor()3.Hurryup,______we'llbelateforthefilm.A.andB.butC.soD.or()4.Bequick,______we'llbelate.A.andB.orC.butD.so()5.Werantothetrees,_____wecouldn'tseeanymoremonkeys.A.butB.soC.andD.for()6._____LiPing______WuFang______clever.A.Neither;nor;areB.Either;nor;isC.Both;and;areD.Neither;or;is()7.Youcan______stayathome______goouttoplay.A.either;orB.so;thatC.neither;andD.both;and()8._____WeiHua______Ann______verybusy.A.Both;and;isB.So;and;isC.Either;or;isD.So;that;are()9.______Monday______TuesdayisOK.Iwillbefreethen.A.Either;orB.Neither;norC.So;thatD.Both;and()10.______mybrother_______sisteraredoctors.A.Not;butB.Neither;norC.Both;andD.Either;or答案：1-5BADBA6-10CACAC应考必练一、单项选择1.Iatethreehamburgers,_______I’mnotfull.A.andB.butC.soD.or答案：B2.Itwasonlyfiveminutes’walkfromhere,_______wedidn’ttakeataxi.A.soB.andC.forD.but答案：A3.Hemissedthetrainthismorning______hegotuplate.A.orB.ifC.butD.because答案：D二、选择下列连词填空when,because,but,before,if,so…that,as…as,not…until,and,after,or,since1.Hurryup,please!_______you’llbelateforschool.2.She________gotobed______hermothercamein.3.YesterdayJimdidn’tgotoseethefilm,________hemustdohishomework.4.Thestudentsweretalkingaboutthesportsmeeting_______theteachercamein.5.Iwas______tired________Icouldn’twalkanymore.6.Thisbuildingis_______tall________thatone.7.Tomwasillyesterday,________hestillwenttoschoolasusual.8.Heaskedme______Iwouldgotherewithhim.9.Wehavestudiedhere________1994.10.ThechildhadstudiedEnglishfortwoyears________hewenttomiddleschool.11._______theboyfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.12.Studyhardonyoursubjects,________you’lldowellintheexam.答案：1.Or2.didn’t,until3.because4.when5.so,that6.as…as7.but8.if9.since10.before11.After12.and同步练习（答题时间：45分钟）一、单项选择1.______theymaynotwin,theywilltrytheirbest.A.ThoughB.WhenC.BecauseD.Unless2.Mariadidn’tcatchthelastbus,______shehadtowalkhome.A.because B.so C.butD.or3.Moneyisimportant______it’snotthemostimportantthing.A.andB.butC.orD.so4.Don’tforgettowashyourhands_______youhavemeals.A.untilB.beforeC.whenD.while5.Lindatriedtobecomeanexcellentstudent,______atlastshesucceeded.A.soB.orC.butD.and6.Hewillcomehererightaway_______hehearsthenews.A.soB.assoonasC.becauseD.though7.You’dbetterlookupthenewwordinadictionary_____youdon’tknowit.A.ifB.thatC.thoughD.whether8._______Switzerlandisverysmall,________itisthelandofwatchanditisveryrich.A.Though;butB.Because;soC.Because;/D.Though;/9.Remembertoreturnthebooktotheschoollibraryontime,______youwillbefined(罚款).A.orB.andC.butD.then10.________Henry’smother__________hisfatherspeaksEnglish.TheybothspeakChinese.A.Either;or B.Neither;norC.Both;and D.Notonly;butalso11.________Tom________MaryspeaksgoodChinese,sotheycancommunicatewiththeseChinesestudentsverywell.A.Neither;norB.Notonly;butalsoC.Both;andD.Either;or二、选择一个恰当的连词,使两句合为一句。1.Idon’tlikejuice.Idon’tlikemilk.___________________________________2.It’shardwork.Ilikeit.___________________________________3.Mygrandpacan’twrite.Mygrandmacan’twrite.___________________________________________4.Hecanplaytheviolin.Hecanplaythepiano.___________________________________________5.Lilyiswarm-hearted.Lilyishonest.______________