Unit-4-Common-Sense-or-Legal-Intervention第四单元课件

Unit4CommonSenseorLegalIntervention(Smoking)1

ISSUESOFSMOKING2Themaincomponentofcigarettesis:Nicotine(尼古丁）Tar（焦油）Carbonmonoxide（一氧化碳）3Theharmofsmoking

Acigarettes=Reducesixminutesof

lifeSmokerversusnon-smokergetcancerrateis10:1Ifyousmoke20cigaretteseveryday,yougetcancerratewillincrease17times.4Whenyousmokeintheenjoymentofpleasureandrelaxationtoyourtime,notknowingofdeathhasbeenquietlycomingtoyourside.5Smokingnotonlydangeroustothesmoker’shealth,butalsocontaminatetheenvironment.6AboutASHActiononSmokingandHealth,foundedin1967,isthenation'sfirst,oldest,andlargestantismokingorganization,andtheonlyonewhichregularlytakeshard-hittinglegalandotheractionstofightsmokingandtoprotecttherightsofnonsmokers.

7Inpictures:

smokingwarnings

8Smokingreducesthebloodflow910WorldNo-TobaccoDayInternationalChildren'sDay

Pleasegiveupsmoking,Fortomorrow…….11Chinahasmorethan300millionsmokersonthemainland,statisticsfromtheWorldHealthOrganizationshow,andnearly1.2millionChinesepeoplediefromsmoking-relateddiseaseseachyear-makingupone-fifthoftheworldtotal.12Beijing-AsmokingbanatallindoorpublicvenuesontheChinesemainlandwilltakeeffectonMay1,theMinistryofHealthsaid,thoughspecificpenaltiesorresponsibilitiesforenforcementhavenotbeenset.13theministryhadorderedapartfromhospitals,

hotels,restaurants,barsandpublictransportationonthemainlandtobansmokingindoors.AccordingtoJiangYuan,deputydirectoroftheNationalOfficeofTobaccoControl.14151617JoeEszterhas

scrip-writer

anti-smokingcompaigner181920Unit4Commonsenseorlegalintervention21Objectivestomakestudentsreadarticlesaboutissuesconcerningsmoking;toknowdifferentlawsandregulationsconcerningpublicsmokingindifferentcountries.22focusonrecognizingthewriter'sattitudeandtone;Understandingsupportingdetails;

detectingthemeaningsofthewordswiththecontextclues.23contents1.TheButtStopsHere2.TheWaytoSaveMillionsofLivesIstoPreventSmoking

3.HollywoodWriterChangestheScriptonSmoking

4.PublicSmokingCommonSensefortheCommonGood24Interpretingthequotations1.Rightnowthemostdeadlystuntinamovieissmoking.MarkShurtleff2.Iwillnotbebulliedbyagroupofpeoplewhoreallywanttodotherightthingbutthey’redoingtherightthingthewrongway.ThisisnotAfghanistan,damnit.Iwillhotwearthissmokingburka.WhoopiGoldburg25Interpretingthequotations3.I'm18.IwenttohighschoolinLosAngeles,andattitudesoverthereareverydifferentaboutsmoking.Thepeopleinmyhighschoolwho…Andtheydiditbecauseitwascool,becauseitwashipskbecausetheysawpeopleinmagazinessmokingBrianSmith26Interpretationofthequotations1.Nowadayssmokingisreallyafrequentsceneinmovies,whichhasverybadinfluence.2.Somepeoplewanttohavesmokinginpublicplacesoutlawed.Maybetheyaredoingthetightthing,forsmokingisharmfultoone’shealth.Butitisalsothefreechoiceofthesmokers.WearenotinAfghanistan,andwearenotthewomenwhoareforcedtowearmaskstoconcealoutbeautifulfaces.Ifwewanttosmoke,we’llsmoke.Thisisanissueoffreedomanddemocracy.3.ThisisanAmericanteenager'sobservationonhispalsandschoolmatesastowhytheypickupsmoking.Kidsfromabrokenhometendtosmoke,fortheyneedthefeelingofbelongingtotheirpeergroupdesperately.Andalsobecausesmokingisdepictedinfilmsandmagazinesasbeingcoolandhip.27BackgroundInformation

Smokinghasbeenaburningissueforsometimenow.Asnicotineintobaccoisoneofthemostaddictivesubstances;manypeoplehavebeenhookedandcannotgetaway.Moviesspurmorepeople,especiallyyoungpeople,tobecomesmokers,assmokingisdepictedasbeingsexyandglamorousonscreens.Differentvoiceshavebeenheardaboutsmoking.Someaskforbanningsmokinginpublicplaces;othersemphasizefreedomofchoice.Someblamemoviesforthegratuitousbuttshots;otherssaythatmoviesneedtoreflectreality.Inthisunit,thestudentswillreadarticlesaboutissuesconcerningsmoking.28Pre-readingdiscussion1.DoyouthinkthatsmokingisbecomingmorecommonamongyoungpeopleinChina?2.Shouldsmokingbeforbiddeninpublicplaceslikerestaurantsandcafes?Explainyourview.3.InChinasmokingsometimesisconsideredtobeasocialskill.Ifyoucanshareapackofcigarettes,youarenolongerastranger.Isitagoodideatomakefriendsthroughsmokingorarethereotherwaystodoit?29ReadingIThebuttstopshereLiterally,“Thebuckstopshere.”meansyouhavetotakeresponsibilityforsomethingandwillnottrytopasstheresponsibilityontosomeoneelse.ThisisalsoHarryTruman'sfamousdeclaration.Thesloganwasenshrinedinadesk-topsigninTruman'sOvalOffice.Itwaschangedinto“Thebuttstopshere.”toindicatetheauthor'sdeterminationtotakehisshareofresponsibilityforstoppingsmokingintheworkplace.30Sentencesforparaphrasing1.LastweeksmokingonthejobwasbannedabsolutelyinthecorporationImanage.Weenjoyedcleanairagain,butatthesametimehadtosufferfromthesuddenwithdrawalofnicotine.2.Nomatterhowattractiveandenchantingallthemuscularcowboysandblondbeautiesincigarettecommercialsare,theycannothidethefactthatsmokingisresponsibleforeveryoneoutofsevendeathsinthecountry.3.Iftimeisgoingtobewasted,it'sabetterideatowasteitondaydreamingandchattinginsteadofonsmoking.31LanguagepointsPara1ThecorporationIheadtookadeepbreathofcleanairlastweekandwentcoldturkey.Smokingonthejobinthehomeofficewasabsolutelyforbidden.Since1982ithadbeenrestrictedtoworkareasandcafeterias;thehardlinestiffenedlastFebruarywhenemployeeswerepermittedtosmokeonlyattheirdesks.32LanguagepointsPara3Anythingthatkills350,000Americanseachyeardeservesdecisiveaction,andallthebrawnycowpokesandtawny-hairedsirenscannotblowenoughadvertisingsmoketoobscurethefactthatoneoutofeverysevendeathsinthiscountryislinkedtosmoking.Thecostsrelatedtoitarealsosappingoureconomy.Onerecentreportestimatesthatsmokersutilizethehealth-caresystematleast50percentmorethannonsmokers;Iftimeisgoingtobewasted,I’dratheritbefritteredawayondaydreamsandchatterthanflickedintoavalleyofashes.Furthermore,smokingmaynotbeavictimlessvice.33LanguagepointsPara4Still,abancancreateseriouspersonnelproblems.Since25percentofouremployeessmoke,weareofferingthemon-the-jobsmoking-cessationclassesandcounseling.OurmedicalofficeprovidesNicorettes,asugarlesschewinggumformulatedtoeasethephysicalwithdrawalfromnicotine.Mostofour3,000homeofficeemployeessupportournewpolicy,smokersandnon-smokersalike,butthereisaquerulousminoritythataskswhyweare“discriminatingagainstsmokers.”Wearenot.Ourpolicyaffectsallemployees.Smokersarenotaprotectedclass.Nomatterwhattheirrace,color,religion,sexornationalorigin,theycannotsmokeatwork.34LanguagepointsPara5Wearenottryingtodictatepersonallifestyles.Wedonotencourageouremployeestostopsmokingaltogether,buttheycannotsmokeonthejob.Wesimplycan’taffordtheirhabit.Accordingtoacongressionalstudy,thecosttotheeconomyaverages$65billionannuallyinincreasedmedicalbills,prematuredeathandtimelostfromwork.Andasamajorparticipantinthefieldofhealth-carefinancing,wehaveanobligationtoprovethat,ifproperlyconceived,asmoke-freeworkingenvironmentisattainable.Thisisn’tacrusade.Thisisabusinessdecision.35Languagepointsbrawnyadj.brawnyarmsDerivation:brawnn.He’sgotmorebrawnthanbrains.36Languagepointsflickv.flickcasually/quicklyflickaway/back/off/over/round/throughSheopenedherdiaryandflickedthroughthepages.flickn.Withaflickofhiswrist,heremovedtheashfromtheendofhiscigarette.37Languagepointssapv.Herlongillnessgraduallysappedherstrength.Yearsoffailurehavesappedhimofhisconfidence.38Languagepointscrusaden.embarkon/launch/mount/beengagedin/carryoutacrusadeagreat/moral/personalcrusadeIthinkhe’srunningaone-mancrusadeagainstcigarettesmoking.Syn.:campaign,drive,movement39Languagepointsvicen.indulgein/clearup/getridof/punishavicea(n)incurable/degrading/inherent/national/humanviceThefilmendedmostsatisfactorily:vicepunishedandvirtuerewarded.40Reading2TheWaytoSaveMillionsofLivesIstoPreventSmokingSmokingban，NYCMichaelBloomberg,themayorofNewYork,signedINTRO256-Aintolaw(LocalLaw47)onDecember30,2002.Thelawtookeffect90dayslateronMarch30,2003.Thelegislationbanssmokinginallworkplaces,includingbarsandrestaurants,exemptstobaccobars,owner-operatedbars,separately-ventilatedsmokingroomsinbars,privateclubswithnoemployees,privatefunctionsorganizedforthepromotionandsamplingoftobaccoproducts,andretailtobaccoshops.Theproposalofthelegislationcamesixweeksafterthemayorhikedtaxesonpacketsofcigarettesfrom8centsto$1.42,makingthemthemostexpensiveanywhereintheUSat$7.50(￡4.90)apack.41MPOWERIn2008,WHO(WorldHealthOrganization)firstintroducedasetofsixkeytobaccocontrolmeasures,namelyMPOWER,thatreflectandbuildontheWHOFrameworkConventiononTobaccoControl.MPOWERisapackageofthesixmostimportantandeffectivetobaccocontrolpoliciestocountertobaccoepidemicandreducethedeadlytoll:42MPOWERi.Monitortobaccouseandpreventionpolicies.ii.Protectpeoplefromsecondhandsmokeiii.Offertohelppeoplequit.Mostsmokerswanttoquitbutfindithardtostop.iv.Warnaboutthedangersoftobacco.v.Enforcebansontobaccoadvertising,promotionandsponsorship.vi.Raisetaxesontobacco.43Checkingcomprehension1.Thethreediseases,i.e.tuberculosis,AIDSandMalaria,havebeengivenalotofattentionbynewspapers,radio,andtelevisionintheirreporting.Inaddition,theyhavealsobeengivenahugeamountoffunding.Thisisperfectlyunderstandable.2.Imagineacollegebasketballstadiumwhichiscompletelyfull.3.Therewasastrongpublicreactionagainstthelawbanningsmokinginallworkplaces,butafterthelawwasactuallyimplemented,peoplelovedit.4.WhenItalkedtothosewhodonatemoneyandthosewhospecializeinpublichealth,Igottoknowthatmoneyforpublichealthwasinvestedentirelyinfightingothercausesofdeath,withalmostnomoneyforfightingtobacco.5.Nowmorepeopleareprotectedbytheantismokingstrategiesandmorecountriesarestartingtoimplementallthesixstrategies.Thisispartlybecauseofthelocalgroupswearehelpingindifferentpartsoftheworldandgovernmentofficialswhoarerefusingtoacceptunjusttreatmentbythetobaccocompanies6.Ofcourse,thosewhodoubttheeffectivenessoftheanti-smokingstrategiessaythattheproblemofsmokingisimpossibletosolveassmokingisdeeplyrootedintheirculture.44LanguagepointsPara1Everydayaroundtheworld,tragediesoccurthatareentirelyavoidable:siblingsburyingsiblings,spousesburyingspouses,andchildrenburyingparents—allofthemdyingbeforetheirtime.Whatistheleadingcauseofthesepreventabledeaths?Isittuberculosis?AIDS?Malaria?Eachreceivesagreatdealofmediacoveragealongwithhundredsofmillionsofdollarsinfunding—andrightlyso.Butthereisanotherdeadlyepidemicthatkillsmorepeoplethanallthreediseasescombined,anduntilrecently,itreceivedalmostnopublicattention:tobaccouse.45LanguagepointsPara4InNewYork,wehaveseenhoweffectiveanti-smokingprogramscanbe.In2002,Isignedalawprohibitingsmokinginallworkplaces.Therewasahugeoutcry,butthensomethinghappened:peoplelovedit.Barsandrestaurantssawtheirbusinessincrease.WaitresseskissedmeandtoldmeIhadsavedtheirlives.Andprettysoon,citiesandstatesaroundthecountry—alongwithEngland,Ireland,France,Italyandothercountrieswithhighratesofsmoking—beganpassingsimilarlaws.Alongwiththesmokingban,weraisedcigarettetaxesinNewYork,ranhard-hittingpublic-educationcampaignsandprovidedfreenicotinepatches.Theresult?After10yearsofseeingnodeclineinsmoking,we’vecutsmokingratesby21percent—andwe’vecutteensmokingbymorethan50percent.Thereare300,000fewersmokersinNewYorkCitythanthereweresixyearsago.46LanguagepointsPara5WhiletobaccouseisnowdeclininginNewYorkandsomeindustrializednations,though,itisgrowingincountrieslikeRussiaandIndonesia.Morethan80percentoftobaccodeathsinthecomingdecadeswillbeindevelopingcountries,includingChinaandIndia.Butintalkingtophilanthropistsandpublic-healthexperts,Irealizedthatpublic-healthdollarsweretiedupfightingothercausesofdeath,andalmostnofundingexistedforfightingtobacco.47LanguagepointsPara7Monitortobaccouseandpreventionpolicies.Ialwayssay,“Ifyoucan’tmeasureaproblem,youcan’tmanageit.”Todeterminetheeffectivenessofourefforts,it’sessentialtomonitorwhichcountriesadoptwhichstrategies—andhowthosepoliciesaffectsmokingrates.48LanguagepointsPara10Warnaboutthedangersoftobacco.Despiteclearscientificevidence,relativelyfewtobaccousersfullyappreciatetheextentofthehealthrisk.Togetherwithhard-hittingadcampaigns,largegraphicwarningsoncigarettepackshelpsmokersquit.49LanguagepointsPara11Enforcebansontobaccoadvertising,promotionandsponsorship.Suchbanscanhelpcounterthebillionsofdollarsthetobaccoindustryspendsonmarketingactivitieseachyear.Partialbansandvoluntaryrestrictionshavelittleornoeffect.50LanguagepointsPara12Raisetaxesontobacco.Thisisthemosteffectivesinglewaytoreducesmoking,particularlyamongtheyoung.Besidescreatingadisincentive,thesetaxesgeneratetherevenuesneededtofundprogramsandadvertisingcampaignsthathelppeoplequit.51LanguagepointsPara14Ofcourse,theskepticssaythattheproblemoftobaccouseistooculturallyentrenchedtosolve.Butpartoftakingonanentrenchedproblem—whetherit’sinhealthoreducationorpublicsafety—involveschallengingpeople’sexpectationsofwhatispossible.AsweknowfromourexperienceinNewYorkCity,whenpeopleacceptedhighcrimerates,wehadhighcrimerates.Whenpeopleacceptedlowhigh-schoolgraduationrates,wehadlowgraduationrates.Andwhenpeopleaccepthighsmokingrates,wegethighsmokingrates—and5milliontobaccodeathsayear.Butitdoesn’thavetobethatway!Andifmorepeople,communitygroups,internationalorganizationsandgovernmentofficialstakeactiontostoptheworld’sleadingcauseofpreventabledeath,itwon’t.52Languagepointsoutcryn.a(n)great/massive/immediate/popular/public/national/internationaloutcrycause/provoke/spark(an)outcryoutcryagainst/over/fromThereisamassiveoutcryagainsttheharshprisonsentence.Syn.:protest,disapproval,objection,complaint,protestation53Languagepointstreatyn.a(n)global/bilateral/state/multilateral/formal/commercial/economic/military/political/cooperate/friendship/peace/arms/disarmamenttreatyagreeon/drawup/prepare/negotiate/enterinto/make/sign/accept/reject/criticize/adhereto/break/violateatreatyundera(the)treatyatreatybetween/withSyn.:agreement,compact,contract,settlement,truce54Languagepointstriplev.tripleinSomegoodshavealmosttripledinprice.tripletoThefigurehasmorethantripledto67percent.tripleadj.▲atriplealliance/partnershipTheamountofalcoholonhisbloodwastriplethelegalmaximum.Syn.:threefold,triplicateDerivation:triplyadv.55Languagepointsdisincentiven.Thistaxwillbeadisincentivetoindustrialdevelopmentinvestors.Syn.:discouragement,constraint,hindrance,impediment,obstacle,setbackAnt.:incentiveDerivation:incentiven.▲a(n)considerate/massive/adequate/major/additional/real/direct/positive/special/commercial/economic/financial/monetaryincentiveactas/have/need/create/increase/reducean/theincentive56Languagepointsentrenchedadj.entrenchedbeliefs/attitude/interests/oppositionYoucan’tshiftherfromherentrenchedbeliefs.Derivation:entrench(intrench)v.▲Heentrenchedhimselfbehindthenewspaperandrefusedtospeaktoher.entrenchmentn.▲entrenchmentofsth.57Reading3Hollywood

writerchangesthescriptonsmokingTobaccoAdvertisingProhibitionActTheTobaccoAdvertisingProhibitionAct1992ofAustraliacameintoeffecton1July1993.Undertheact,thebroadcastingandpublishingoftobaccoadvertisementsinAustraliaisbanned,apartfromafewlimitedexceptions.Theobjectiveoftheactistoimprovepublichealthbylimitingtheexposureofthepublictomessagesandimagesthatmaypersuadethemtostartorcontinuesmoking.5860MinutesTheTVprogram60MinutesinAustraliafirstwenttoaironFebruary11,1979.ItisAustralia'smostsuccessfulcurrentaffairstelevisionprogram.ThisprogramattractsmorethanfivemillionviewersaweekacrossAustraliaandisrebroadcastinanother65countriesaroundtheworld.Bytellingstoriesthroughtheeyesofthoseinvolved,bypersonalizingstoriesandissues，bywritinginarelaxed,contemporaryfashion,60Minuteshasbrokennewgroundinthereportingofcurrentaffairs.Nocountryistooremote，nostorytoodangerous，notopictoodifficultforthe60Minutesteam.59TextComprehension1.HeregretsthewayheportrayedsmokinginthemovieBasicInstinct.Hethinksheissomehowresponsibleforthosekilledbysmoking.2.Theyhaveenjoyedalongandlusciousrelationship.Smokinghasbeenahelpfultooltorevealsexappeal,mystery,andstyle.3.No,theyholdadifferentview.Theythinkwhetheracharactersmokesornotshouldbedecidedbythecharacter'spersonality.4.Filmmakersarefaithfultotheirart.Theiraimistoportray“characterorpersonalitytrulyandhonestly.Ontheotherhand,socialworkersshowgreatconcernforpeople,andwhatisgoodforhumanbeings.60TextComprehension5.InHollywoodmoviessmokingisoftenportrayedas“glamorousactivity,butAustralianmoviesareoftenrealisticintheirportrayalofsmoking.6.Theactaimstolimitthepublic'sexposuretosmokingandtobaccoproductsbycontrollingtheairingofcigarettecommercialsonTV.7.WhenitcomestoTVseriesandprograms,theact'sapplicationisopentointerpretation.Ifthetobaccoadisbroadcastaccidentallyandthebroadcasterreceivesnobenefit,nowrongdoingisconsideredtohaveoccurred.ButaccordingtotheActapersonmustnotknowinglyairatobaccoadvertisement.61Languagepointsafarcrysomethingthatisafarcryfromsomethingelseisverydifferentfromitaccomplicen.Shebecamehisunwittingaccompliceintherobbery.a(n)criminal/principal/secrete/unwilling/allegedaccomplice62Languagepointsblatantadj.ablatantattempt/liebreachn.heal/makeup/commit/constitute/leadto/causeabreachTheaccidentcausedanirreparablebreachbetweenthetwocountries.aclear/fundamental/deliberate/politicalbreachabreachofdutySellingtheproducttoanotherdistributorisaclearbreachoftheagreement.63LanguagepointsbuggerupIfsomeonebuggerssomethingup,theyruinitorspoilit.domainn.a(n)private/public/InternetdomainThecareofolderpeopleisbeingplacedfirmlywithinthedomainofthefamily.64Languagepointsferaladj.feralcats/pigeonsferventlyadv.Heferventlybeggedusnottogo.Derivation:ferventadj.aferventdesiretowinfervencyn.65Languagepointsloathadj.</font></b>Hewasloathtoseehergo.Syn.:unwilling,disinclined,reluctantDerivation:loathev.Iloathethemodernart.Evenafteryearsofpractice,hestillloathedmakingpublicspeeches.loathingn.66Languagepointsoozev.Bloodwasoozingoutof/fromthewoundonhisleg.Shewalkedintothepartyoozingwithconfidence.Derivation:oozyadj67Languagepointsrecklesslyadv.Derivation:recklessadj.recklessdrivingberecklessofexpenditure/dangerItwasrecklessofhimtoleaveajobbeforehehadanotherone.Hehadalwaysbeenrecklesswithmoney.recklessnessn.68Languagepointsstancen.adopt/takeup/alter/change/maintainastanceThePresidenthasadoptedatoughstanceonterrorism.acorrect/natural/defensive/cautious/political/publicstance69Reading4Publicsmoking

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CommonsenseforthecommongoodGoldenRuleGoldenRuleisfoundinthescripturesofnearlyeveryreligion.Itisoftenregardedasmostconciseandgeneralprincipleofethics.70GoldenRuleSeethefollowingforsomeexamplesoftheGoldenRule:Whatishatefultoyou,donotdotoyourfellowmen.ThatistheentireLaw;alltherestiscommentary.(JewishFaith)Hurtnototherswiththatwhichpainsyourself.(BuddhistFaith)Allthingswhatsoeveryewouldthatmenshoulddotoyou,doyeevensotothem:forthisisthelawandtheprophets.(ChristianFaith)NooneofyouisabelieveruntilhedesiresforhisbrotherthatwhichhedesiresforHimself.(MuslimFaith)71Comprehension1.Weshoulddependonpeople'smutualunderstandingandcommonsensetokeeppublicsmokingundercontrol.2.No,theyarenotthebestway.Accordingtotheauthor,weshouldtrustpeople'scommonsense,mutualrespectandunderstanding.3.Toworkoutasolutiontoproblemsofsocialbehavior,it'sagoodideatotrustpeople'scommonsense,mutualrespect,understanding.It'snotpracticaltooutlawsmoking.4.Businesseswanttomakemoney.Bothsmokingcustomersandnonsmokingcustomersbringprofitstobusinesses,sotheywilltakegoodcareoftheneedsofbothparties.5.Becausepolicemenhavebeenbusyenoughtocatchrobbersandthieves,andtheydon'thavethetimeandenergytogivepeoplecitationsforsmokinginanunauthorizedarea.72Languagepointstouchyadj.Sheisinaverytouchymoodtoday.Heisalittletouchyabouthisweight.Derivation:touchilyadv.touchinessn.73Languagepointssproutv.Newleavesarebeginningtosproutfromthetrees.Officeblocksaresproutingupeverywhere.Jackseemedtohavesproutedabeard.74Languagepointssupplantv.anewsystemtosupplantoutdatedworkingmethodsTheirworkhasbeenlargelysupplantedbytheuseofacomputerprogramthat