2025年高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练专题04 阅读理解主旨大意题（原题版）

专题04阅读理解主旨大意题

目录

题型综述.............................................................................................................................................2

解题攻略.............................................................................................................................................3

题型01文章大意题.........................................................................................................................3

题型02段落大意题..........................................................................................................................5

题型03标题归纳题..........................................................................................................................7

高考练场.............................................................................................................................................9

题型简介

1.主旨大意题主要考查考生对文章中心思想或段落大意的归纳、概括和总结能力。它要求考

生能够理解文章的整体结构和主要内容，把握作者的写作意图。

2.这种题型在高考英语阅读中占有重要地位，因为它能体现考生对文章全局的把握，是一种

高层次的阅读理解能力考查。一般来说，每篇阅读理解文章都会涉及至少一道主旨大意

题，或者与主旨相关的题目，如最佳标题题等。主旨大意题的设问方式多样，位置通常在

文章后的题目开头或结尾部分，但也可能出现在中间位置。

命题类型

1.文章主旨题：这类题目要求概括整篇文章的中心思想。例如，“What'sthemainideaofthe

passage?”或者“Thepassageismainlyabout...”。答案选项通常是对文章核心内容的综合表

述，涵盖了文章多个段落的要点信息。

2.段落主旨题：主要针对文章中的某一个段落，考查考生对该段落中心内容的理解。如

“What'sthemainpointofthethirdparagraph?”。答案往往是该段落主题句的同义替换或者对

段落细节信息的概括。

3.最佳标题题：要求考生从选项中选择一个最适合文章的标题。像“Whichofthefollowingis

thebesttitleforthetext?”。标题要能够准确地反映文章的主题，并且具有吸引力，同时还

要简洁明了，避免范围过大或过小。

解题思路

1.寻找主题句法

位置判断：主题句在文章中的位置通常有一定规律。大部分情况下，主题句出现在文

章的开头部分，开门见山地阐述文章主旨；有些文章主题句在结尾，起到总结全文的

作用；还有少数文章主题句在中间，需要结合上下文来判断。

特点把握：主题句一般具有概括性强、涵盖范围广的特点，能够准确地表达文章或者

段落的核心内容。例如，在一篇讲述环境保护措施的文章中，开头的主题句可能是

“Variouseffectivemeasureshavebeentakentoprotecttheenvironmentinrecentyears.”。

2.归纳法

细节整合：如果文章没有明显的主题句，就需要对文章的细节信息进行归纳总结。把

各个段落的主要内容提炼出来，寻找它们的共同点或者关联点，从而概括出文章的主

旨。

注意事项：在归纳过程中，要避免遗漏重要信息，同时也要排除那些只涉及部分内容

的选项。比如，一篇文章分别介绍了科技对教育、医疗和交通的积极影响，归纳主旨

时就要涵盖这三个方面，不能只强调其中一个领域。

3.关注关键词法

高频词识别：注意文章中反复出现的关键词。这些关键词往往与文章的主题密切相

关。例如，一篇文章多次出现“AI（人工智能）”“machinelearning（机器学习）”“big

data（大数据）”等词汇，那么文章主旨很可能是关于人工智能技术及其相关应用的。

同义替换词注意：同时还要留意与这些关键词意思相近的表达，它们也有助于确定文

章主旨。比如，除了“AI”之外，还出现了“artificialintelligencetechnology”等表达。

命题方式

【常见考法】主旨大意题经常使用的提问方式有：

1)Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

2)Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

3)Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

4)What'sthefirst/second/third....paragraphmainlyabout?

5)What'sthemainideadiscussedinthefirst/second/third/..paragraph?

题型01段落大意题

一、常见设问方式

WhatdoestheauthortellusinParagraph...?

Themainideaofthesecondparagraphprobablyis________.

Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout________.

WhichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizePara.1?

Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

二、首尾兼顾法寻找主题句：

1.段首段尾：段首--主题句多为段首一两句(观点或对象)；段尾--主题句也常为段尾句(结论或总结)。

2.段中：主题句有时在段中(前面的话是为引出主题）。

3.无主题句：有时没有主题句，需根据段落内容自己概括。

(山东师范大学附属中学2024~2025学年高三12月月考英语试题)

Peopleusuallywashtheirproducebeforeeatingtoremoveresidue(残留物)frompesticides.Butareyour

fruitsandvegetablesreallycleanenoughtoeat?Now14-year-oldSirishSubashfromGeorgiahaswonthe2024

3MYoungScreentestChallengeforinventinganAI-basedhandheldpesticidedetectorthatisveryaccuratein

detectingpesticideresidue.

Nowinits17thyear,thecompetitionsupportsmiddleschoolstudentstothinkcreativelyandapplySTEM

principlestodiscoverrealworld-solutions.Whenthefinalistsarechosen,theyarepairedwitha3Mscientistwho

mentorsthemoverthesummertohelptaketheirideasfromjustconceptstomodels.

Sirish’sjourneytowinningtheawardcamefromwatchinghismotherwashingvegetablesandfruitsand

cautioninghimalwaysdoso.Hewonderedwhetherwashingactuallymadeadifference.Sincepesticideresidues

arelinkedtoillnesseslikecancerandAlzheimers’s,it’sveryimportanttoknowifthefruitsandvegetablesare

safe.That’showPestiSCANDisdesigned.

Thedeviceworksbyshininglightonthesurfaceoftheproduceandmeasuringthe.wavelengthsthatbounce

back.PestiSCANDusesasensorandAI-basedprocessortoachieveanaccuracyofover85percent.Sirishtested

thedeviceonmorethan12,000foodsamplesincludingstrawberries,apples,andtomatoes.

Sirishaimsonmakingthistechnologywidelyaccessiblesothatconsumerswillbeabletomakesafefood

choices.Buthestillbelievesyoushouldwashyourproduceanyway.Heplanstousethe$25,000prizefromthe

competitiontohelpfundhiseducationalgoalofattending.MIT.

“Thisyear’sYoungScientistChallengefinalistshavedemonstratedanincredibleabilitytodevelopcreative

solutionstosomeoftheworld’smostpressingchallenges,”TorieClarke,EVPandchiefpublicaffairsofficerat

3M,saidinthepressrelease.“Iambeyondimpressedandinspiredbytheirintelligenceandtheirscientificminds.”

6.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlyfocuson?

A.Thedesignprocess.B.Thewideapplication.

C.Theworkingprinciple.D.Thetheoreticalfoundation.

题型02文章大意题

一、提问方式

What’sthemainidea/pointofthepassage?

Thepassageismainlyabout________.

Thepassageismainlyconcernedabout________.

Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?

Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainidea/themeofthepassage?

Inthispassagetheauthordiscussesprimarily________.

Thesubjectdiscussedinthistextis________.

Thegeneral/mainideaofthepassageisabout________.

二、主旨大意归纳法：

1.略读法：读文章标题；读首尾段落；读段落首尾句；留意表句段关系的关联词之后的内容。

2.文体法：新闻报道、议论文和说明文--主题句在首段；记叙文、议论文--主题句一般在尾段。

3.词语法：在文中出现频率较高的主题词。

4.概括法：无主题句的文章，需读者自己概括大意。

✱找主题句的技巧：

1.段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however,but,infact,actually等)时，该句很可能是主题句。

2.首段出现疑问句时，对该问句的回答很可能就是文章主旨。

3.作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。

4.表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore,thus,inshort,conclude,conclusion等词，通常是主旨。

(安徽省卓越联盟2024-2025学年高三上学期11月期中考试英语试题)

Googleisconsideringchargingforartificialintelligence(AI)-poweredsearchinwhatwouldbethebiggest

changeofitsbusinessmodelsinceitwasfounded.Thelargesearchcompany,whichisownedbyAlphabet,has

neverbeforeputanyofitskeyproductsbehindapaywall.However,bossesareconsideringchargingfornew

advanced

searchfeaturespoweredbyAI.

ThecompanyisdealingwithhowtomakeuseoftheAItechnologywithoutthreateningitsadvertising-

fundedbusinessmodel.TherearefearsthattheinventionofAIchatbots(聊天机器人)willweakensearchengines

suchasGooglebyallowingpeopletoaskfortheinformationtheyrequireratherthansearchingforit.Thiswould

rob(掠夺)Googleofthevaluabledataitcollectsfromusers.

ItsleadersarenowreportedlyweighingupwhethertoputAI-poweredsearchfeaturesbehindapaywallina

waythatwouldallowittotakeadvantageofthenewtechnologywithoutcompetingwithitscoresearchengine.

AlphabetislookingatputtingAI-poweredsearchintoitsadvancedsubscriptionservices.

Engineersarereportedlydevelopingthefunctionalityneededforthechangesbuttheleadershavenotmadea

decisiononwhetherorwhentobegintheplan.Undertheplansbeingconsidered,Google’ssearchenginewould

remainfree.AspokesmanofAlphabetsaid:“We’renotworkingonorconsideringanad-freesearchexperience.

We’llgoonbuildingnewcapabilitiesandservicestoenhanceoursubscriptionofferingsacrossGoogle.”The

spokesmanadded:“Foryears,we’vebeenreinventingSearchtohelppeopleaccessinformationinthewaythat’s

mostnaturaltothem.WithourgenerativeAIexperimentsinSearch,we’vealreadyservedbillionsofqueries(询

问).Wewillkeeprapidlyimprovingtheproducttoservenewuserneeds.”

Lastyear,Google’sincomefromsearchandadvertisingmadeupmorethanhalfofitstotalsales.The

companywascaughtflat-footedbythehugesuccessofChatGPT,whichhasbeenbackedbyitscompetitor

Microsoft.GooglelauncheditsownAIchatbot,Gemini,inresponsebutthetechnologyreceivedalotof

complaintsforplacingstressondiversityandharmlessanswersinsteadofaccuracy.LaterGooglestoppedthe

tool’sabilitytodrawpicturesandapologized.

11.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthetext?

A.Thecompetitionamongtechnologycompanies.

B.Google’snewsearchengine.

C.TheimportanceofAItechnology.

D.AchangeinGoogle’sbusinessmodel.

题型03标题归纳题

一、提问方式

Thebesttitleofthepassageis________.

Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?

Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

Themostappropriatetitleofthepassageis______.

二、文章标题四大特性：

1.概括性：概括全文，体现主旨；

2.针对性：内涵相符，范围一致；

3.新颖性：新颖奇特，吸引眼球；

4.简短性：名词短语,动名词短语或祈使句。

文章标题干扰项特点：断章取义(仅为文中一细节)；以偏概全；离题太远。

(2024-2025学年高三上学期湖北省市级示范高中智学联盟12月月考英语试题)

Cuttingbackonanimalproteininourdietscansaveonresourcesandgreenhousegasemissions.But

convincingmeat-lovingconsumerstoswitchuptheirmenuisachallenge.Lookingatthisproblemfroma

mechanicalengineeringangle,Stanfordengineersarepioneeringanewapproachtofoodtexture(n.质地，纹理)

testingthatcouldpavethewayforartificialsteaksthatfoolevencommittedmeatlovers.

InanewpaperinScienceofFood,theteamdemonstratedthatacombinationofmechanicaltestingand

machinelearningcandescribefoodtexturewithstrikingsimilaritytohumantastetesters.Suchamethodcould

speedupthedevelopmentofbetterplant-basedmeats.Theteamalsofoundthatsomeplant-basedproductsare

alreadypresentingthetextureofthemeatsthey’reimitating.

“Wewere’surprisedtofindthattoday’splant-basedproductscanreproducethewholetextureofanimal

meats,”saidEllenKuhl,professorofmechanicalengineeringandseniorauthorofthestudy.Meatsubstituteshave

comealongwayfromwhentofuwastheonlyoption,sheadded.

Industrialanimalagriculturecontributestoclimatechange,pollution,habitatloss,andsoon.Thatburdenon

theplanetcanbeeasedbyexchanginganimalproteinsforplantproteinsindiets.Onestudyestimatedthatplant-

basedmeats,onaverage,havehalftheenvironmentalimpactasanimalmeat.Butmanymeateatersarereluctantto

change;onlyaboutathirdofAmericansinonesurveyindicatedtheywere“verylikely”tobuyplant-based

alternatives.

“Peoplelovemeat,”saidSkylerSt.Pierre,aPhDstudentinmechanicalengineeringandleadauthorofthe

paper.“Ifwewanttoconvincethemeateatersthatalternativesareworthtrying,thecloserwecanimitateanimal

meatwithplant-basedproducts,themorelikelypeoplemightbeopentotryingsomethingnew.”

Tosuccessfullyimitateanimalmeat,foodscientistsanalyzethetextureofplant-basedmeatproducts.

Unfortunately,traditionalfoodtestingmethodsarenotstandardizedandtheresultsarerarelymadeavailableto

scienceandtothepublic,saidSt.Pierre.Thismakesitharderforscientiststocreatenewrecipesforalternatives.

35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthearticle?

A.FoodTesting:AKeytoMeatRevolution.

B.PlantorMeat?That’saquestion.

C.NewTechinOurDailyFood.

D.Plant-basedmeat:TheNewFashionontheTable.

题型01段落大意题

(2024年新课标高考英语I卷B篇)

B

“Iamnotcrazy,”saysDr.WilliamFarber,shortlyafterperformingacupuncture(针灸)onarabbit.“Iam

aheadofmytime.”Ifheseemsalittledefensive,itmightbebecauseevensomeofhiscoworkersoccasionally

laughathisunusualmethods.ButFarberiscertainhe’llhavethelastlaugh.He’soneofasmallbutgrowing

numberofAmericanveterinarians(兽医)nowpracticing“holistic”medicine–combiningtraditionalWestern

treatmentswithacupuncture,chiropractic(按摩疗法)andherbalmedicine.

Farber,agraduateofColoradoStateUniversity,startedoutasamoreconventionalveterinarian.Hebecame

interestedinalternativetreatments20yearsagowhenhesufferedfromterriblebackpain.Hetriedmuscle-relaxing

drugsbutfoundlittlerelief.Thenhetriedacupuncture,anancientChinesepractice,andwasamazedthathe

improvedaftertwoorthreetreatments.Whatworkedonaveterinarianseemedlikelytoworkonhispatients.So,

afterstudyingthetechniquesforacoupleofyears,hebeganofferingthemtopets.

LeighTindale’sdogCharliehadaseriousheartcondition.AfterCharliehadaheartattack,Tindalesays,she

waspreparedtoputhimtosleep,butFarber’streatmentseasedherdog’ssufferingsomuchthatshewasableto

keephimaliveforanadditionalfivemonths.AndPriscillaDewingreportsthatherhorse,Nappy,“movesmore

easilyandridesmorecomfortably”afterachiropracticadjustment.

Farberiscertainthattheholisticapproachwillgrowmorepopularwithtime,andifthepastisanyindication,

hemayberight:Since1982,membershipintheAmericanHolisticVeterinaryMedicalAssociationhasgrown

from30toover700.“Sometimesitsurprisesmethatitworkssowell,”hesays.“Iwilldoanythingtohelpan

animal.That’smyjob.”

26.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?

A.Stepsofachiropractictreatment.

B.Thecomplexityofveterinarians’work.

C.Examplesofrareanimaldiseases.

D.Theeffectivenessofholisticmedicine.

题型02文章大意题

(2024年新课标高考英语II卷C篇)

Weallknowfreshisbestwhenitcomestofood.However,mostproduceatthestorewentthroughweeksof

travelandcoveredhundredsofmilesbeforereachingthetable.Whilefarmer’smarketsareasolidchoicetoreduce

thejourney,BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.

BMFisanindoorgardensystem.Itcanbesetupforafamily.Additionally,itcouldservealargeraudience

suchasahospital,restaurantorschool.Theinnovativedesignrequireslittleefforttoachieveareliableweekly

supplyoffreshgreens.

Specifically,it’safarmthatreliesonnewtechnology.ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,BMFisremotely

monitored.Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemis

automated,itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil,

thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.Afterharvest,userssimplyreplacetheplantswithanew

pre-seededpod(容器)togetthenextgrowthcyclestarted.

Moreover,havingasysteminthesamebuildingwhereit’seatenmeanszeroemissions(排放)from

transportingplantsfromsoiltosalad.Inaddition,there’snoneedforpesticidesandotherchemicalsthatpollute

traditionalfarmsandthesurroundingenvironment.

BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.

Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-use

plastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,”saidaBMF

employee.

11.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?

A.BMF’smajorstrengths.B.BMF’sgeneralmanagement.

C.BMF’sglobalinfluence.D.BMF’stechnicalstandards.

题型03标题归纳题

(2024年全国高考英语甲卷B篇)

Animalscanexpresstheirneedsusingalotofways.Forinstance,almostallanimalshavedistinctvocals(声

音)thattheyrelyontoeitheraskforhelp,scareawayanydangerousanimalsorlookforshelter.Butcatsare

specialcreatureswhopossessamazingvocalizationskills.Theyareabletohaveentireconversationswithhumans

usingmeowsandyou'reabletointerpretit.Ifapetcatishungry,itwillkeepmeowingtoattractattentionandfind

food.However,whenacatislookingforaffection,theytendtoproducestretchedandsoftmeows.Meowingstarts

assoonasababycatisbroughttolifeandusesittogetthemother'sattentionandbefed.

Catshavemanyheightenedsenses,buttheirsenseofsmellisquiteimpressive.Theyusetheirnosestoassess

theirenvironmentandlookoutforanysignsofdanger.Theywillsniffoutspecificareasbeforetheychoosea

placeto

relax.However,anotherwaythecatsareabletodistinguishbetweensituationsisbylookingforfamiliarsmells.

Yourcatwilllikelysmellyourfaceandstorethesmellinitsmemoryanduseittorecognizeyouinthefuture.

That'swhymostpetcatsareabletotellimmediatelyiftheirownerswerearoundanyothercats,whichtheydon't

usuallylike.

Dogsareknownfortheirimpressivefetchinghabit,butcatstakethisbehaviorupanotch.Manycatswillfind

randomobjectsoutsideandbringthemtotheirowners.Thisisaveryoldhabitthat'sbeenpresentinallkindsof

predators(食肉动物).Catsbringgiftsfortheirownerstoshowtheyloveyou.Theseadorablelittlehuntersarejust

doingsomethingthatit'sbeenintheirnaturesincethebeginningoftime.Sojustgoalongwithit!

7.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.TipsonFindingaSmartCatB.UnderstandingYourCat'sBehavior

C.HaveFunwithYourCatD.HowtoKeepYourCatHealthy

A

（24-25高三上·安徽合肥·阶段练习）Ifirstsawtheearth—thewholeearthfromtheshuttleChallenger

in1984.Theviewtakesyourbreathawayandfillsyouwithchildlikewonder.That’swhyeveryshuttlecrewhas

tocleannoseprintsofftheirspaceraft’swindowsseveraltimesaday.

Anincrediblybeautifultapestry(织锦)ofblueandwhite,tan,blackandgreenseemstoglidebeneathyou

atanelegant,statelypace.Butyouareactuallygoingsofastthattheentiremapoftheworldspinsbeforeyour

eyeswitheach90-minuteorbit.Afterjustoneortwolaps,youfeel,maybeforthefirsttimelikeacitizenofa

planet.Allthecolorsandpatternsyousee—thevisibleevidenceofthecomplexworkingofthenaturalsystems

thatmakeourplanethabitable—seembothvastandprecise,powerfulandyetsomehowfragile.

Youseevolcanoesspewingsmoke,hurricanesroilingtheoceansandevenfinetendrils’ofSaharandust

reachingacrosstheAtlantic.

Youalsoseethebig,graysmudgesoffields,paddiesandpastures,andatnightyoumarvelatthelights,like

brilliantdiamonds,thatrevealamosaicofcities,roadsandcoastlines—impressivesignsofthehandofhumanity.

Scientiststellusthatourhandisheavy,thatwearewipingoutofotherspeciesatanunprecedentedrateand

probablytransformingourclimate.

Willtheimmensepowerofglobalsystemswithstandtheimpactofhumanity?Orisitpossiblethatour

collectiveactionswillchangethenatureofourplanetenoughtocrippleitsabilitytosupportlife?

Inolongerbelievethatwecanwaitforallthescientificdataneededtoanswerthesequestionsconclusively.

Wemustrecognizeimmediatelywhatitmeanstobecitizensofthisplanet.

Itmeansacceptingtheobligationtobethestewardsoftheearth’slife-givingcapacities.Ashomeowners,

wewouldn’tneglectordamageourhousesuntiltheyweren’tfittolivein.Whywouldwedothatwithourplanet?

1．WhatdoesthewriterwanttoexpressinParagraph1?

A．Theyareawedbytheviewoftheearth.B．Theyarehomesickinthespaceshuttle.

C．Theyfeelscaredflyingintheouter-space.D．Theyfeelexcitedtoexploretheuniverse.

2．What’sthemainfunctionofParagraph3?

A．Providingdataforthewriter’sargument.B．Summarizingthemainideaofthetext.

C．Settingthestageforfurtherdiscussion.D．Introducingdifferentideasonhumanimpact.

3．Accordingtothelastparagraph,whichofthefollowingstatementdoesthewriteragreewith?

A．It’snotclearwhathumanscandotonature

B．Wemustactnowtotakecareofnaturebeforeit’stoolate

C．Humanbeingsarenottheonlycreatureoftheearth

D．Theearthisstrongenoughtosupportmorelives.

4．Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?

A．AGlimpseofHomeB．GoingGreenwithOurEarth

C．FlyingtotheFutureD．MyExperienceasanAstronaut

B

（24-25高三上·广东东莞·阶段练习）Ifastrangerofferedyouafreecookie,youmightwelleatit.But

whatiftheyofferedtoalsogiveyou$2?Youmightpolitelydeclineandwalkawaythinking,“Somethingsmells

fishy.”InastudypublishedinPersonalityandSocialPsychologyBulletin,researchersfoundthatpeopletendto

turndownoffersof“freemoney”(aswellasunusuallyhighsalariesorsuspiciouslycheapservices)becausethey

seem“toogoodtobetrue”.Theresearchbridgeseconomicsandpsychologytoexplainwhyfinancialattraction

canbackfire.

Intheinitialexperiment,nearly40percentofparticipantsateacookieofferedfreely,comparedwithabout

20percentofthoseoffered$2aswell.“Peopletypicallyimaginethingslikethatsomeonedidsomething

disgustingtothecookie,”saysstudyleadauthorAndrewJ.Vonasch,apsychologicalscientistatUniversityof

CanterburyinNewZealand.Ninefurtherexperiments,involvingmorethan4,000participants,usedonline

questionnairestopresentothercases.Theseincludedbeingofferedmoneytoacceptaridehome,incrediblyhigh

construction-jobwagesandsurprisinglycheapflights.Ineachcase,pastacertainthreshold(门槛),higher

financialprofitreducedparticipants’potentialofacceptingtheoffer.

Ifsomeoneseemstogoagainstacceptednormssuchasself-interestwithoutexplanation,weassumethey

havehiddenmotivesandinfertherewillbe“phantomcosts”:imaginedconsequencesthatreducewhatVonasch

callsanoffer’s“psychologicalvalue”.

Factorsbeyondthepresentmomentmaycomeintoplay.“Understandingthatothers’perceivedover

generositymayputusintheirdebtcouldalsohelpexplainpeople’sreluctance,”saysRachelMcCloy,a

psychologiststudyingdecision-makingatEngland’sUniversityofReading.“Theoldsaying‘there’snosuchthing

asafreelunch’isclearlyaliveandwell.”

Anotherexperimentfoundthathighscorersonmeasuresofdistrustinferredmorephantomcosts.The

researchersalsoshowedhowtoalleviatetheeffect:simplyprovideareasonforthedeal.The“cheapflights”

experimentincludedaconditionwheretheseatswererevealedtobeveryuncomfortable.“Uncomfortableseats

aren’ttypicallyasellingpoint,”Vonaschsays.“Buttellingpeopletheseatswereuncomfortablemadethemmore

willingtotakethembecauseitwassufficientexplanation.”

5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“backfire”inPara.1mean?

A．Resultinanoppositeeffect.

B．Boostthesuccessofanoffer.

C．Increasetheappealofaproposal.

D．Causeapositiveoutcomeunexpectedly.

6．Whyisthequote“there’snosuchthingasafreelunch”mentionedbytheauthor?

A．Toprovethephantomcosts.

B．Topromotegenerosityinsociety.

C．Todoubthiddencostsofgenerousoffers.

D．Toremindpeopletobecautiousoffreeitems.

7．Whathelpsmakethe“cheapflights”moreacceptableaccordingtotheexperiment?

A．Offeringmoreflightcredits.

B．Discountingthepricefurther.

C．Providingadditionalunrelatedgifts.

D．Givingaseeminglyreasonableexplanation.

8．Whichcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A．WhyPeopleEmbraceHigh-ValueOffers

B．WhyPeopleRejectFreeMoneyandOffers

C．WhySomeDealsSeemTooGoodtoBeTrue

D．HowOffersofMoneyIncreaseAcceptanceRates

C

（24-25高三上·重庆·阶段练习）Haveyoueverjoyouslysteppedouttoyourbackyardgardenonlyto

findyourwell-cared-forplantswitheredanddying?Wasthesoiltoodry?Didpestsfindtheirwayin?During

timeslikethese,somefrustratedgardenersmaywishtheirplantswouldjusttellthemwhattheyneed.Anew

Microsoft-partneredprojectintheUKistryingtoseeifthatconceptcanbedemonstratedintherealworld.

Nextyear,attheChelseaFlowerShow,theRoyalHorticulturalSocietyinEnglandwillshowoffan

“intelligentgarden”thatusesanAImodeltomonitorthegarden’senvironmentandinformgardenerswhenit

needscare.VisitorscanasktheAI-poweredgardenquestions.Themodelcouldthenrespondwithphraseslike“I

needabitmorewater,”or“Icoulduseahaircut”dependingondatacapturedinthesoil.Asidefromthepleasant

noveltyofchattingwithplants,thegardenwillprovidevisitorswithaphysicalrepresentationofthemanywaysAI

technologiescouldbeusedtoenhancesustainabilityefforts.

TheIntelligentgardenwillrelyonanetworkofsensorsnestledthroughoutthegardenmeasuring

environmentalfactorslikesoilmoistureandnutrientlevelsaswellaswindandrainfall.Allofthatdataisthensent

toaspeciallydesignedAImodel.Themodel,poweredbyMicrosoft’sAzureOpenAIService,canthenanalyze

thosefactorsandinformgardenersonfeeding,watering,ortrimming.

Onsiteplantcaretakersaren’ttheonlyoneswhocaninteractwiththegarden.Visitorstotheshowcanalso

walkuptovirtualplatformsandasktheintelligentgardenquestionsaboutitscurrentenvironmentalstate.TheAI

languagemodulewilltheninterpretthedataandrespondtothevisitorsinaconversationaldialogue.

Intheory,insightsprovidedbymodelslikethiscouldhelpgardenersallocateresourcesefficientlyandavoid

over-wateringplantsbeforerainfall,bothofwhichcanaidinsustainabilityefforts.Thosetoolscouldbring

conveniencetocasualgrowersorbusinesseslookingtoreducecosts.It’sunclear,however,whethereventhebest

modelscanprovidethesamelevelofcareasexperiencedgardeners.

9．What’sthepossibleeffe