2025版高考英语大二轮复习专题一阅读理解推理判断题专练五-结构判断类

PAGE1-推理推断题专练(五)——结构推断类A[2024·贵阳市高三适应性考试(一)]Brits(英国人)areextremelybadatlanguages,withmanyofusrelyingonthefactthattherestoftheworldspeakEnglish.Onlyhalf(51%)areabletospeakasecondlanguagetoanystandardandasmorepeopletravelabroad,thisisbecominganincreasingregret,accordingtoanewstudy.Almosttwo­thirds(62%)ofUKadultswishtheywerebetteratspeakinglanguages.Sotheycanbetterunderstandacity'sculture(38%ofrespondents),talkwithlocals(24%)andgobeyondtheguidebook(21%)．Overcominglanguagebarrierscanbeoneofthemostdifficultpartsofaholiday,particularlywheninunfamiliarsurroundings.Sostressfulinthefactthat10%ofrespondentssaidtheydidn'ttravelbecauseoftheproblem.ThesurveybyHostelworldshowedthatoneinfiveblamedgettinglostonthelanguagebarrier,whileasimilarnumberhadproblemsorderingfoodandoneintengotonthewrongtrain,planeorotherformoftransportation.Iflanguagesweren'tanissuethenoneineight(12%)BritswouldvisitJapan.China,ItalyandRussiawerealsopopularchoices.Despitethecommunicationproblem,Japanhasseena7.5%increaseinthenumberofBritishvisitorsbetweenJanuaryandApril,comparedtothistimelastyear.“ThenumberofBritishtravelerstoJapanhasbeengrowingyearonyear，”accordingtoHollieMantle,marketingandcommunicationmanagerfortheJapaneseTouristBoard.“PeoplearerealizingthatJapanisoneofthemosthospitableandbeautifulcountriesonearth,withsomanynewexperiencesfortravelerstotry,nottomentionworld­classcuisine！”TheyhadthismessageforBritsthinkingaboutvisiting:“Thoughsometravelersworryaboutlanguagebarriers,assoonasyouarriveinJapan,you'llrealizethatpeoplewillgooutoftheirwaytohelpyouenjoytheircountry.Therereallyarefew‘barriers’—roadsignsandtrainstationsareinEnglish,you'llfindthatpeoplespeakmoreEnglishthantheyleton,andevenwhentheydon't,theywillgoaboveandbeyondtohelpyouout.”体裁：说明文题材：社会生活主题：英国人的语言实力【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了语言障碍成为英国人出国旅游的一大顾虑。【难句分析】Brits(英国人)areextremelybadatlanguages,withmanyofusrelyingonthefactthattherestoftheworldspeakEnglish.分析：本句是一个复合句。that引导同位语从句，在从句中不作句子成分，对fact的内容进行说明说明。译文：我们很多人基于这样一个事实，即世界其他地方的人都说英语，由此得出英国人语言实力特殊差。1．Whatdoweknowfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Britsarepooratlanguages.B．Britsregretwhattheyhavedone.C．Britslikerelyingonothers.D．Britsaregoodatlanguages.答案与解析：A考查推理推断。第一段第一句“Brits(英国人)areextremelybadatlanguages,withmanyofusrelyingonthefactthattherestoftheworldspeakEnglish”点题，并结合对前两段的整体理解可推知，英国人的语言实力比较差，故选A项。2．HowmanyBritscan'torderfoodcorrectlybecauseoflanguagebarriers?A．About10%.B．About12%.C．About20%.D．About21%.答案与解析：C考查细微环节理解。依据第四段中的“ThesurveybyHostelworldshowedthatoneinfiveblamedgettinglostonthelanguagebarrier,whileasimilarnumberhadproblemsorderingfood”可知，1/5也即20%的英国人因为语言障碍不能正确订餐，故选C项。3．Howisthetextmainlydeveloped?A．Byanalyzingcauses.B．Bygivingexamples.C．BymakingdescriptionD．Bylistingdata.答案与解析：D考查推理推断。依据对文章的整体理解可知，本文列举了大量的数据来论证作者的观点，由此可推知，本文是通过列出数据来发展的，故选D项。B[2024·银川质量检测]Bothbeesandantsaresocialinsectsthatliveingroupscalledcolonies.Theysurvivebymeansoftheircollectiveintelligence.Theirdecision­makingpowerisdistributedthroughoutthegroup;thatis,oneantorbeecan'tmakedecisionsforthegroup.Instead,theyworktogether.AsDeborahM.Gordon,abiologistofStanfordAntscommunicatebyusingchemicalscalledpheromones(信息素),whichcanalertotherstodangerortoafoodsource.Forexample,whenworkerantsfindapromisingsource,theylettherestofthecolonyknowhowtofinditbyleavingatrailofpheromonesonthewaybacktothecolony.Theotherantspickupthemessageusingtheirsenseofsmell.Bees,ontheotherhand,usemovementtocommunicatewitheachother.Workerbeessendmessagestoeachotherbymeansofa“dance”.Differentspeedsandmovementssenddifferentmessages.Forexample,whenworkerbeescalledscouts(侦察员)goouttofindanewhomeforthecolony,theyreturnanddoadancefortheotherworkerbeesthatindicatesthelocationofthenewhomeandhowsuitableitis.Thefasterthescoutsdance,thebetterthenewlocationis.Beesandantsarebothcapableoflearning.OneChinesestudyfoundthatbeescanbetrainedtolearnandrememberaroutetoafoodsource.Theresearchersalsofoundthatbeescanbetaughttorecognizehiddenobjectsandusetheconceptsof“sameness”and“difference”toaccomplishcertaintasks.Antstakethisonestepfurther.RecentAmericanresearchhasshownthatantsnotonlyhavetheabilitytolearn,butalsocanteachtheirforaging_skillstootheryoungerants.Theyobservedthatolderantsaccompanyyoungantsinsearchoffoodandteachthemtherouteandhowtoavoidobstacles.Aswecansee,thesocialbehaviorofbeesandantsisquitesimilar.Bothcoordinatecomplexactionsandaccomplishcrucialsurvivaltasksbycooperatingingroupsconsistingofmanyindividuals.Unintelligentastheymaybeasindividuals,asgroupstheyoftenshowamazingbrillianceastheygoabouttheireverydayactivities.体裁：说明文题材：科学探讨主题：蜜蜂和蚂蚁的习性探讨【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，探讨发觉，蜜蜂和蚂蚁在社会行为方面有很多共同之处，它们都是通过群体合作来协调困难的活动和完成重要的生存任务。【难句分析】Althoughbeesandantsarequitedifferentphysically,theyhavealotincommonintermsoftheirsocialbehavior.分析：Although引导让步状语从句；have...incommon意为“有……共同之处”；intermsof意为“在……方面”。译文：虽然蜜蜂和蚂蚁在身体上有很大的不同，但它们在社会行为方面有很多共同之处。4．Whatdoantsandbeeshaveincommon?A．Theymakeuseofcollectiveintelligence.B．Theyliveinsimilar­sizedcolonies.C．Theyhavesmallleadershipgroupsthatmakealldecisions.D．Theyusethesamemethodstocommunicatewitheachother.答案与解析：A考查细微环节理解。依据第一段其次句“Theysurvivebymeansoftheircollectiveintelligence”和最终一段的内容可知，蚂蚁和蜜蜂都依靠集体的才智来生存，故选A项。5．Whatdoesthespeedofabee'sdanceindicate?A．Thedistancetoaneighboringcolony.B．Thequalityofanewcolonylocation.C．Thediscoveryofanewfoodsource.D．Thedirectiontoapotentialfoodsource.答案与解析：B考查细微环节理解。依据其次段最终一句“Thefasterthescoutsdance,thebetterthenewlocationis”可知，被称为侦察员的工蜂跳舞的速度越快，新地点就越好。由此可知，蜜蜂跳舞的速度反映了新的群体地点的质量，故选B项。6．InParagraph3,howdoestheauthordemonstratetheideathat“Beesandantsarebothcapableoflearning”？A．Byusingstatistics.B．Byexplainingreasons.C．Bypresentingstudyfindings.D．Bystatingopinions.答案与解析：C考查写作手法。依据第三段其次句中的“OneChinesestudyfoundthat”和第五句中的“RecentAmericanresearchhasshownthat”可知，作者在证明蚂蚁和蜜蜂都有学习实力时，用的是展示他人的探讨成果的方法，故选C项。7．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“foragingskills”refertointhethirdparagraph?A．Theskillsofcommunicating.B．Theskillsofseekingfood.C．Theskillsoflearning.D．Theskillsoffindinganewhome.答案与解析：B考查词义揣测。依据第三段最终一句“Theyobservedthatolderants...howtoavoidobstacles”可知，他们视察到年长的蚂蚁陪伴年幼的蚂蚁找寻食物，教它们路途以及如何避开障碍物。由此可推知，画线部分是指找寻食物的技能，故选B项。C[2024·重庆其次次调研]Nowadays,wecanreadalmostall“truths”onsocialmediasites.Butaretheyreallyreliable?Sitessuchasthemicro­messagingservice,thesocialnetworkingsiteandthephoto­sharingappInstagrammight“misrepresenttherealworld”，accordingtoastudybycomputerscientistsfromMcGillUniversityandCarnegieMellonUniversity.Thescientistswarnthatgatheringinformationaboutpublicviewsandtrendsfromthesesitesisunwise.Therearestilllargepartsofthepopulationwhodonottakepartinsocialmediaactivities.Also,there'sariskthatmanysocialmediausersareunder­represented.Instagram,forexample,appealstoyoungeradultsinurbanareaswhilePinterestisusedmainlybyfemalesaged25to34.Andonly5percentofthemicro­messagingserviceusersareover65yearsold,accordingtothestudy.However,thisisnottheonlyissue,accordingtothescientificteam.Thedesignofawebsitecaninfluencehowpeoplebehaveonline,creatingwhattheresearcherscall“Internetbias”.Forexample,micro­bloggingsitessuchasWeibopromote“popular”stories.Itsavestimeforsomebutitalsolimitsreaders'choiceofwhattheysee.Intheend,manypeopleopenthosestoriesandmakethemmore“popular”.Butit'snotbecausetheychoosethosestories.Rather,itisbecausethecontentisrightinfrontofthem.Besides,it'spossiblethatnoteveryoneonyoursocialnetworksisreal.Theremightactuallybeafewfakeaccountsamongthem.Fake“bots”pretendtobehumansandareoftenincludedwhenmeasuringorpredictinghumanbehaviorsonline.Thefindingsmightbemoreimportantthanyouwouldthink,sincemanysocialmediastudiesareusedtoinformandjustifydecisionsandinvestmentsamongthepublicandinindustryandgovernment,accordingtoDerekRuths,anassistantprofessorofComputerScienceatMcGillUniversity.Iftheteamisright,youmighthavetothinkcarefullynexttimeyousay,“It'strue,youknow;IreaditonWeibo.”体裁：争论文题材：热点话题主题：网上的东西可信吗？【语篇解读】本文是一篇争论文。时下，网站上的信息林林总总，让人纷繁芜杂，有人认为这些信息是真实的，但探讨表明，网上信息往往存在片面性和误导性，从网站上收集关于公共观点和趋势的信息是不明智的。【难句分析】Thefindingsmightbemoreimportantthanyouwouldthink,sincemanysocialmediastudiesareusedtoinformandjustifydecisionsandinvestmentsamongthepublicandinindustryandgovernment,accordingtoDerekRuths,anassistantprofessorofComputerScienceatMcGillUniversity.分析：该句为主从复合句。句中“sincemanysocialmediastudiesareusedtoinformandjustifydecisionsandinvestmentsamongthepublicandinindustryandgovernment”为since引导的缘由状语从句，其中从句主语为“manysocialmediastudies”，和动词use之间为被动关系。译文：据麦吉尔高校计算机科学院的助理教授DerekRuths说，这些发觉可能比你想象的更重要，因为很多社交媒体探讨被用来为公众、工业和政府的决策和投资供应信息，并证明其决策和投资是正确的。8．Whydoestheauthormentionthemicro­messagingandInstagram?A．Becausetheyarethebestsocialmediasitestoday.B．Becausetheyarenotinfavorofthecurrentstudy.C．Becausethepublicaresharingtruthsonthesesites.D．Becauseinformationonthesesitesmaynotbereliable.答案与解析：D考查目的意图。依据第一段其次句“Butaretheyreallyreliable？”可知，作者对这些网上信息的真实性提出质疑；依据第一段第三句“Sitessuchasthemicro­messagingservice,thesocialnetworkingsiteandthephoto­sharingappInstagrammight‘misrepresenttherealworld’”可知，微信息服务、社交网站和照片共享应用Instagram等网站可能“歪曲了现实世界”。据此可知，第一段提及微信息服务和Instagram等网站旨在说明这些网站上的信息可能不行靠，故D项正确。9．Howisthepassagedeve