法液空吊装作业培训中英文双语版ALHZHSEtraining009Acrane-CN

CRANE起重机ALHZHSE_training009a.rev.1BasedonC-GS-17-0-2-AJHA(2010.06)&HSEplanrev.ATableofcontentBackground背景Objective目的Definitionofcrane起重机定义Riskanalysis风险分析Risksprecautions风险的预防Summary总结2Background背景Description

描述OnJuly13th,MCCisunloadingtheweightof80tcranefromtruck.Duetospacelimit,theworkingpositionof25tcranecannotfulfillthismission.Thedistancebetween3tweightandcraneis18m,whichisbeyondthe25tcrane'sworkingradius16m.Tosavetime,thecrane'sdriverdecidedtoslantingliftthisweighttothegroundtoreleasethetruck,Whenhepulledtheweightfromthetruckwhichfellontotheground.Thisdangerousactofliftingcausethebacksupportinglegofcranegetoffthegroundabout50mm.7月13日，MCC将80吨的起重机从卡车上卸载下来。由于空间的限制，25吨起重机工作的位置无法完成吊装任务。因为当时货物与起重机的距离为18米，超过了25吨起重机16米的工作半径。但是为了节省时间，吊车司机决定倾斜的将货物从卡车吊装到地面上。这个危险的吊装行为导致起重机的后方支撑腿离开地面50毫米。3Background背景Description

描述

OnePSSIhappenedinALHZsite-The630tcranefelldownafterliftjobsfinishedwhentheyremoveditssmallsupportandbeam

发生在ALHZ现场的一个PSSI：完成吊装工作后，当他们移除起重机的支撑时，这个630吨的起重机发生了侧翻。4Background背景Description描述InspectiontotowercraneequipmentactedonJuly06anddefectsarenotedasbelow:7月6日对塔吊进行检查，其缺点如下：Partsoftowercraneplatformandstruttingstructuredeformedanddamaged.塔吊的部分平台以及钢结构发生变形和损害。Noscrewboltfastenedformeetingstilejoint,onlybindingbyironwire.平台阶梯结合处的螺栓没有拧紧，且仅仅通过铁丝来固定。5Background背景Description描述

Becausethe2ndstagecoolercorehadleakage,sotheclientusedthetravellingcranetoliftthecore,butwhentheyintendedtoputdownthecoretoflooratabout5meters,thecoreslidefromslingstoearthonsealingheadside,thentheothersideofcorehitthegroundagain.Thisincidentmadetheflangesandnozzlesonthesealingheadbend,andtheframewithblocksbentlikewave.由于2级冷却器内部存在渗漏，客户便使用移动式起重机将冷却器内核吊起。但是，当他们试图在距离地面5米的高度将冷却器内核放下时，内核的封头侧发生滑落，从而导致内核的另一侧撞击到地面。此次事故导致封头侧的法兰以及管口撞弯，同时导致整个换热器框架弯曲成波浪状。stilejoint6Background背景

Twopiecessteelplates(each3.5mX2.5m)tobeusedontheground地面上用了两块钢板，每个的尺寸为长3.5米，宽2.5米Thecranestandsaheadover1meteroutofthesteelplateandrestonthesoilground起重机坐落的位置超出钢板1米，超出部分落在了泥土里Thesoilisverysoftandcanfindthewatercollected土地非常松软，而且能发现积聚的水。Themiddlepartofthecranestandsonthefoundationofthebeamwhichpreventsthecranedownwardtogetherwithitsforeside起重机的中部坐落一根梁上，导致起重机不能与其前部同时向下运动。Theliftedsteeltruss(10tons)需要吊装的钢结构（10吨）7Unsafefoundationcanresultinthetippingofthecrane不安全的地基会导致起重机的侧翻。Background背景8Improperloadsorspeedscanresultinthetippingofthecrane不合理的载重或者速度会导致起重机侧翻。Background背景9ImproperLoad不合理的载重Background背景10ImproperLoad不合理的载重Background背景11Background背景MovieShow视频12Objective目的Thistrainingmaterialisintendtotellyou:此培训材料为了告诉我们：Thesafetyuseofcraneonsite现场起重机的安全使用Therisksofthecraneliftingexisted吊装过程中存在的风险Whatkindsofrulesyouneedtotakeinadvance吊装之前需要遵守的标准Thesafetyinspectionandrecordforcraneusing使用的起重机的安全检查和记录13Definitionofcrane起重机的定义Crane–Consistsofarotatingstructureforliftingandloweringhorizontallyonrubbertiresorcrawlertreads由一个在橡胶轮胎上，在水平方向可以上升和下降的旋转结构组成Thesefollowingformsofliftingequipmentsmaybeusedonsite:现场可能使用的吊装设备的类型：Conventionallatticeboomcrawlercranes传统的桁架起重臂履带吊Conventionallatticeboomtruckcranes,(friction/hydraulic)传统的桁架起重臂式汽车吊（摩擦/液压驱动）Towercranes(alltypes)塔吊(所有类型)Pilingequipment打桩设备14Riskanalysis风险分析Therearemanyrisksexistedwhileusingthecraneimproperly:不正确的使用起重机会存在以下危险：Poorconditionoftheliftingequipments(Includinghookandsling)起重设备质量问题（吊钩和吊索）

Boomorcranecontactwithenergizedpowerlines吊杆或起重机碰到带电的电源线Workunderthehookliftingdevice(co-activity),在吊钩提升设备下方工作（同时作业）Overturnedcranes,倾覆Droppingloads,货物脱钩Boomcollapse,吊杆断裂Counterweightuncontrolledmovement,配重失去控制Outriggeruse,吊车支腿的使用Poorweatherconditions,恶劣天气状况Riggingfailures索具失效15Riskanalysis风险分析Improperusingofthecrane不合理的使用吊车16Risksprecautions风险预防Liftingplan起重计划Beforeexecutingaliftingjobinconstructionorcommissioningsite,iftheweightoftheliftingequipmentsequalormorethan10t,thesub-contractorshalldevelopaliftingplanandsubmittoALHZsiteHSEleadengineerforapproval.在施工或调试现场实施起重作业前,假如起重设备重量等于或超过10吨，分包商需在作业前制订起重计划，并交由ALHZ现场HSE主管确认BeforeexecutingaliftingjobinMF,iftheweightoftheliftingequipmentsequalormorethan30t,theliftingteamshalldevelopaliftingplanandsubmittoALHZMFHSEmanagerforapproval.在制造部实施起重作业前,假如起重设备的重量等于或超过30吨，起重小组需在作业前制订起重计划，并交由ALHZ现场HSE主管确认17Risksprecautions风险预防Theliftingplanshallcover:起重计划包括：Routethattransportwilltaketopositionoftheloadtolifting装载到起重地点的路线Initialliftingoftheloadincludingradius货物的初步起吊（包括半径）Finalplacementpositionoftheloadincludingradius最后卸载地点（包括半径）Locationofthecrane起重机的位置Obstruction/equipment/facilitiesinthevicinityofliftingoperation起重作业附近的阻碍物/设备/设施Safetymeasures/precautiontoensuresafelifting为确保起重安全的安全措施/预防措施18Risksprecautions风险预防Liftingequipmentselection起重装备的选择Makesurethecraneselectioncansatisfythe:确保选择的起重机满足：RatedLoadCapacities额定装载量OperatingSpeeds运行速度Locationofcenterofgravity重心位置Specialhandlingrequirements特殊操作要求LoadRatingChart19Risksprecautions风险预防

BrokenTrackQualification资质20Liftingauthorization&WorkPermit

起重许可证和操作许可证

Forliftingactivitiesonsite,aspertheC-GS-10-10-1procedure,thefollowingrulesapply:根据C-GS-10-10-1程序，现场起重操作需遵守以下规则Onsite:Duringconstruction,pipesliftingandhoistingareconsideredas“routinework”.Thustheyonlyrequireageneralworkpermit(C-FRM-10-10-1).Iftheloadexceeds10tons,thentheworkisconsideredasheavyliftingandaliftingauthorization(C-FRM-9-0-2)isrequired(suchascolumns,exchangers,machines,etc.).Thatliftingauthorizationisanattachmenttotheworkpermit.RefertoE-GS-9-3-1.Duringcommissioning,whateveristheweightoftheload,aliftingauthorizationisrequired.现场在施工期间，由于管道提升和吊装被视为“常规操作”，所以只需一般的操作许可证(C-FRM-10-10-1)即可。假如载荷超过10吨，则视为重型提升和起吊（如塔台，交换器、设备等）那么就需要起重许可证(C-FRM-9-0-2)。根据E-GS-9-3-1起重许可证为作业许可证的附件。调试期间，不管载荷重量多大，都需有起重许可证。InMF:theprocedureC-PR-17-0-2In-houseSafeWorkPermitshallberespected.在制造部：根据C-PR-17-0-2程序的规定，需要具备室内安全作业许可证21Liftingappliances起重机组成

Craneintroduction起重机指示2223Wirerope钢丝绳Brokenrope损坏的绳索Liftingappliances吊装用具

SWL=safetyworkingload安全工作载荷Ensurethecorrectwireropeisused.UseawireropeofagreaterS.W.Lwhenevertheexactweightoftheloadisunknownorthereisahazardtopersonnel.确保使用正确的钢丝绳。当不能确定货物重量或载重有危险性的货物时使用安全荷载能力较大（安全工作载荷）的钢丝绳

24Webbingsling吊带Liftingappliances吊装用具

Alwaysinspectaslingbeforeuse.Useonlyidentifiedslings.Neveruseadamagedsling.Nevermakeknotsinasling.Neverdragslingfromunderneathaloadthatisrestingonit.使用前检查吊带只使用鉴定合格的吊带不得使用损坏的吊带吊带不得打结禁止拖拽货物下面的吊带25Liftingappliances吊装用具

Hook吊钩Followingrulesapplytothesafeuseofhooks:Allhooksshouldeitherbearasafetylatchorbemoused.Neveroverloadahookbeyonditsratedcapacity.Hooksmustbereplacedwheninspectionshowsspread,distortion,wearorfracture.Neverplacealoadonthepointofahook,alwaysinthecenter.使用吊钩应遵守下列安全规定：所有的吊钩需有安全弹簧锁或用绳索扎紧。载重不能超过吊钩的额定载重能力。当吊钩拉伸、变形、磨损或断裂时应更换吊钩。货物要在吊钩中间，不得用吊钩的尖端起吊。26Liftingappliances吊装用具Chain链条Useonlyalloysteelchainandneverexceedtheirsafeworkingloads.Nevershortenachainbytwistingorknottingitorwithnutsandbolts.Neveruseachainwhenthelinksarelocked,stretchedorwithoutfreemovement.Stretchingcanbedistinguishedbysmallchecksorcracksinthelinks,elongationofthelinksoratendencyforthelinkstobindoneachother.Neverusethetipofchainhookstocarryaload.Neverre-weldalloysteelchainlinks.Theymustbereplacedbythemanufacturer.使用链条应遵守下列安全规定：使用合金钢链条并且不能超过其额定的安全载荷禁止通过缠绕、打结或使用螺栓和螺母等方式使链条变短禁止使用链环被锁、经过拉伸或不能自由移动的链条。通过链环的磨损和裂痕、链环的拉伸或链环的绑扎情况辨别是否可以拉伸。禁止用链钩末端吊装货物。合金钢链环不得重新焊接，必须由制造商更换。27Risksprecautions风险预防UnguardedChainDrive未隔离的链条传动设备28Risksprecautions风险预防SwingRadiusStayoutoftheswingradiusofthecrane–Makesuretherearebarrierguardsshowingswingradius吊臂摆动半径内不能站人-确保吊臂摆动半径范围被隔离开29Risksprecautions风险预防BrokenWindowMakesurebrokenwindowsorotherobstructionsdonotpreventtheoperatorfromseeing确保破碎了的窗户或其他障碍物不能阻挡操作工的视线30Risksprecautions风险预防LadderUseladderstogettotheupperportionofthecab使用梯子到达起重机驾驶室的上方31Risksprecautions风险预防Runwaysandstepsneedtohaveguardrails,handholdsandslipresistantsurfaces斜坡跑道或者阶梯需要有护栏系统,绳索以及防滑表面32Risksprecautions风险预防

Don’tstandundersuspendedloads禁止站在悬吊负荷下面33Risksprecautions风险预防Aboomangleindicatormustbeonthecrane起重机上必须安装有角度指示器34Risksprecautions风险预防Cranesmustbeonafirmsupportingsurfaceandlevelwithin1percent起重机必须停留在坚硬的支撑表面,水平相差在一个百分比35Risksprecautions风险预防Thegroovesmustbesmoothandfreefromsurfacedefectswhichcouldcauseropedamage凹槽必须平滑,表面不能有任何导致绳子磨损的缺陷36Risksprecautions风险预防Cranewasn’tinspectedandtippedover起重机没有检查,翻倒InspectionofthehoistingmachinerymustbemadebyacompetentpersonTheemployermustmaintainarecordoftheseinspections起重机械的检查必须由有资质的人完成员工必须保存有这些检查记录37Risksprecautions风险预防Equipmentsafetymaintenanceassessment设备安全维护方法38Equipmentsafetymaintenanceassessment

设备安全维护方法39Risksprecautions风险预防Lifting—loweringofloads负载的起吊-下落40Lifting—loweringofloads负载的起吊-下落合理的，有计划的堆放负载物，最大程度上降低发生危险以及事故的概率注意负载的下落，移除链条时确保负载的稳定注意：不好的堆放会导致事故的发生！41Risksprecautions风险预防Lifting—slingremovalandhookraising起吊—链条的移除和吊钩的提升禁止站在悬吊负荷下面可能侧翻不要试图使用起重机移除链条使用合适的支撑用手移走链条42Risksprecautions风险预防Lifting—liftingcapacityvariationrelate