大学英语六级考试模拟试卷三十二（带答案）

大学英语六级考试模拟试卷三十二

（总分：100.00,做题时间：130分钟）

ReadingComprehension（总题数：40,分数：0.00）

.Indogsleftandrightsignaldifferentthings.1,itisinthewaytheywag

（摇）theirtails.Andfordogs,likepeople,itistheleft-handsidethatissinister（凶3K

的）.

AfewyearsagoGiorgioVallortigaraoftheUniversityofTrentoandhis

colleaguesestablishedthatdogswagtheirtailstotherightwhentheyseesomething

pleasant,suchasabelovedhumanmaster,andtotheleftwhentheyseesomething

unpleasant,suchasanunfamiliardominantdog.WhatDr.Vallortigaradidnot

establishthenwaswhethersuchsignalsare2tootherdogs.Now,heandthe

teamhavedonejustthat.

AstheyreportedinCurrentBiology,theywiredupseveraldozendogsand

thenshowedthemvideosofdogswithtailswaggingtoleftorright.Aleft-wagging

tail,theyfound,3ahighermaximumheartratethanaright-waggingtail.A

right-waggingtail,indeed,producedthesameresultsasonethatwasstationary.

Dr.Vallortigaraandhiscolleaguesalsoobservedtheanimalsduringthe

experiment,4behaviorssuchasear-flattening,head-loweringandwhining

（哀叫）thatare5withstress.Theyfoundthatstressedbehaviorsweremore

commoninthe6ofIeft-waggingthanright-wagging.

Allthissuggestslateralspecializationindogs'brains.Thenervoussignalsfor

left-waggingandright-wagging7indifferenthemispheres.Thatthey

are8bydifferentemotionsshowsthatthetwohalvesofadogbrainwork,in

this9atleast,differently.

Humanbrainsaresimilarlylateralised.Handednessisoneexample.Another

islanguage,afunctionpredominantlyofthelefthemisphere.Whetheritisjust

a10thatdogsandpeopleagreeaboutwhichsideissinister,orwhetherthere

issomethingdeepergoingon,remainstobedetermined.

A.apparentD.connectedG.instanceJ.originateM.

respect

B.associatedE.derivedH.meaningfulK.ParticularlyN.

Specifically

C.coincidenceF.induced1.notingL.presenceO.

triggered（分数：25.00）

1.（分数：2.50）

填空项1：_________________（正确答案：N）

解析：

2.（分数：2.50）

填空项1：（正确答案：H）

解析：

3.（分数:2.50）

填空项1：（正确答案：F）

解析：

4.（分数：2.50）

填空项1：（正确答案：I）

解析：

5.（分数：2.50）

填空项1：（正确答案：B）

解析：

6.（分数：2.50）

填空项1：（正确答案：L）

解析：

7.（分数：2.50）

填空项1：（正确答案：J）

解析：

8.（分数：2.50）

填空项1：（正确答案：O）

解析：

9.（分数：2.50）

填空项1：（正确答案：M）

解析：

10.（分数：2.50）

填空项1：（正确答案：C）

解析：

.Theincreaseinthemarginrate（保证金率）from50%to70%wasnotan

attempttostemanyrampant（泛滥的）speculationonthepartofthepublic一

actuallythemarketseemedtechnicallyquitestrong,withpublicparticipation

essentiallydignified——butratheranattemptbytheFederalReserveBoardto

preservethesoundunderpinningsthatexistedinthemarket.Naturally,suchamove

hada11chillingeffectuponpricesbutiftheFRBhadbeenpreoccupiedwith

unduespeculation,theincreasemighthavebeentothe80%oreven90%level.Such

increasesinthemarginrateisa12ofastrongstockmarketandsince1989,

suchincreaseshaveresultedininterim（临时的）markethighsovertwelvemonths

later.Obviously,therecouldbeno13thatthiswouldonceagainbethecase,

butifhistoryisanyguideline——andifbusinessandcorporateearningswereto

continueonthesamecourse——continuedoptimismovertheoutlookforthestock

marketwouldseemmore14thanpessimism.

Themarginincrease15thegoodrisethatstockshadenjoyedforthe

previousyear一andthefactthata50%ratewasmaintainedaslongasitwaspointed

upthefactthattherisewasmainlyconservativeinthatitwasconcentratedinthe

bluechipsforthemostpart.InpastInvestmentLetterswehave16the

thoughtthatspecialitystockscouldoutperformthegeneralmarketfromthispoint.

Wecontinuetobelievethatthiscouldbethecase.Forexample,steelstockstendto

sellatacertainfixedprice/earningsratio.Belowacertainratiotheyareconsidered

goodvalue——aboveacertainratio,17.Ifacompanyproducesaunique

product,itisfarmoredifficultformarketanalysistoplaceanumericalratiouponthe

company'searnings.WehavealsocontendedinthepastLettersthatthestock

marketreflectsmasspsychologyaswellasthebusinessoutlook.Wheninvestors一

boththepublicandtheinstitutions—arenervousand18theydefinitely

hesitatetobuystocks:Theyseektowprice/earningsmultiplesandhigh19.

Thesesameinvestors——whentheyareinanoptimisticframeofmind——becomefar

less20withyieldsandmorewillingtopayapremium（highp/emultiples）for

acceleratedgrowth.Ifthepublic'sattitudetowardtheautoindustryisanymeasure,

thenthisperiodseemstohavebeenoneofoptimism.

A.confirmationD.invariablyG.pessimisticJ.representationM.

vicinity

B.guaranteeE.momentarilyH.preoccupiedK.speculateN

voiced

C.intelligibleF.overpriced1.prudentL.underscored0.

yields（分数：25.00）

11.（分数：2.50）

填空项1：（正确答案：E）

解析：

12.（分数:2.50）

填空项1：_________________（正确答案：A）

解析：

13.（分数：2.50）

填空项1：_____________（正确答案：B）

解析：

14.（分数:2.50）

填空项1：_________________（正确答案：1）

解析：

15.（分数：2.50）

填空项1：____（正确答案：L）

解析：

16.（分数：2.50）

填空项1：_____________（正确答案:N）

解析：

17.（分数:2.50）

填空项1：_________________（正确答案：F）

解析：

18.（分数：2.50）

填空项1：_____________（正确答案：G）

解析：

19.（分数:2,50）

填空项1：（正确答案：0）

解析：

20.（分数:2.50）

填空项1：_________________（正确答案：H）

解析：

StrategiesforCallingItaDay

A.GrantFreelandbegantoworryabouttheamountofhoursheputinat

workwhenanumberoftalentedconsultantsinhisBostonofficeleft.Theywere

burntoutanddesperatetohavealifeoutsidework.Luckily,hewascontactedby

LesliePerlow,professorofleadershipinorganizationalbehavioratHarvardBusiness

School.Shehadaquestionthathetoowantedanswering:Couldconsultants,atthe

beckandcallofclients'demands,everhaveanythingapproachingawork-life

balance?

B.ForayearshestudiedhisteamatBostonConsultingGroupandcame

backwiththeverdictthatthebiggestproblemwasalackofpredictability."People

couldnevermakeaplanbecauseofclientdemands,"recallsMr.Freeland.Sothey

cameupwithaschemecalled"predictabletimeoff",orPTO.Itgaveemployeesan

eveningoradaybetweenMondaysandThursdayswhentheywouldnotbe

contactedandcouldswitchoffthephoneande-mail."Mosteffortsfailifweaimfor

work-lifebalanceasit'ssuperficialunlessyouchangehowworkisdone,"saysMr.

Freeland,seniorpartner,todayresponsibleforBCG'speopleandorganization

practice.Itwasatrickysell,hereflects."Somethoughtlonghourswereariteof

passage;othersdidn'tthinkweneededPTO."

C.Themostimportantaspectoftheinitiative,whichwasrolledout（在市场

上推出）from2008,wasthatitmadepeopletalkandplan."Itforcedteamsto

prioritize.Wefoundthatteamsthathadpredictabletimeoffworkedfewerhours

overallandworkedsmarter.Ithadforcedthemtodiscussbehavioralnorms,"hesays.

"Ifyoupromotepeoplewhowork20hoursaday,thenpeoplethinktogeta

promotionyouneedtowork20hours,"AmongthoseteamsthatadoptPTO,the

retentionratehasincreased,heinsists.Onaveragehethinksheworks60hoursa

week.However,ifdoingduediligenceonacompany,"allbetsareoff,"hesays.

"Peoplehavetoputthehoursin."

D.DespiteBCG'sambitionstochangeworkingpractices,themostcommon

gripe（抱怨）onGlassdoor,awebsitethatallowsformeremployeestopostreviewsof

companiesandjobs,islonghours.Asonereviewerwrites:"Thereisa

powerfully-entrenchedlong-hoursculture.PTOsessionsreallyjustturninto

grumblingsessionsthatdon'tchangeexpectations."

E.YetBCGisatleasttryingtotackletheissue,unusualinasectorthat

lionizes（吹捧）longhours.Consultancyisfarfromunique:Manybankers,lawyers

andmedicsseeexcessivehoursasabadgeofhonor.AlexandraMichel,abanker

turnedacademic,foundthatevenwhenbankersmovedtoothersectorsforabetter

work-lifebalance,theyhadinternalizedbanking'sethostosuchanextentthatthey

increasedtheworkingdayfortheirnewcolleagues.

F.Inthetechnologyindustry,codersworkaroundtheclock.Moreover,the

industry'sbiastowardyouth,saysJimHart,chiefexecutiveofSennDelaney,an

organizational-cultureconsultingfirm,"encouragespeopletothinktheycanwork

hardwhiletheyarefitandyoung,andmakemoney".

G.Whilethereisevidencethatoverworkinghampersproductivity——for

example,aStanfordUniversitystudythatshowedthatthosedoing60-hourweeks

producedlesshigh-qualitycodethanthosedoing40hours一thereisalsoresearchby

theGraduateSchoolofManagement,UniversityofCalifornia,Davis,thatshowsthe

moreoneisseenattheoffice,themoreothersperceiveyouas"dependable"and

"committed".ArecentreportbyOxforduniversityidentifiedtheemergenceofanew

"super"workingclassofwealthyprofessionalswhoratchetup（小幅增力口）hoursin

theoffice.Thestudysaysthebest-educatedusedtoworkmuchshorterhours,yetby

thestartofthe21stcenturytheywereworkingthelongesthours.

H.Somecompaniesareexperimentingwithcurbingtheuseoftechnologies

thathaveblurredthelinesbetweenhomeandoffice.Volkswagen,theGerman

carmaker,preventse-mailsbeingissuedfrom30minutesaftertheendofan

employee'sshiftuntiltheserverisswitchedonthenextday,issuinge-mailsagain

halfanhourbeforethenewworkingdaybegins.Daimlerrecentlyannouncedthat

employeescanchoosetohaveanye-mailstheyreceivewhiletheyareonholiday

automaticallydeleted.

I.Dr.Michelbelievesthatevenbankerscancurblonghoursiftheir

employersgivefeedbackonskillsandabilitiesthatdeclinewithoverwork,suchas

judgmentandcreativity,"Manyfirmsinterviewclientsinformallyaboutthecreativity

ofateam'ssolutions.Thisinformationispassedalongtoemployeesonaweekly

basisandallowsthemtowitnessfirst-handthecorrelationbetweenoverworkand

thedimensionsthatarecriticaltohighperformance."Suchfeedback,shesays,is

moreeffectivethanmerelytellingpeoplewhatcanhappenwhentheyworktoo

muchorrulesaboutnotworkingonweekends.

J.AlmuthMcDowall,anoccupationalpsychologistwhospecializesin

work-lifebalance,saysitispossibletochangeaculture.Shehasworkedwithsome

Britishtechcompaniesthatpegbonusestosensiblehours.Shebelievesthatweare

notgoodatrecognizingwhatgoodworklookslikeandworkinglonghourshas

becomeaproxy（指标）forgoodperformance.Somebankshaveattemptedtocurb

thelonghoursforjunioremployeesbydoingmorethangivingcleardaysoff.They

arealsoengagingthejuniorswithmeaningfulworktodisplaytheirability,sotheydo

notfeeltheycanonlyprovetheirworthbysloggingawayuntildawn.Moreover,

tasksneedtoberealisticandallocatedcoherently."Weneedtoseedutyofcareas

partoftheroleofmanager,"saysMs.McDowall."Andsensiblehoursneedstobe

championedbymiddlemanagersaswellasseniorleaders."

K.DonSerratt,wholeftbankingtostartacompanytreatingbehavioral

healthproblems,saysblanketpoliciesdonotwork."Ithastostartwiththeindividual.

Somepeoplehavemorestamina（耐力）andgetenergyfromworkingmorethan

others.Otherscontinuetoworkhardinspiteofthenegativeconsequences."The

warningsigns,hesays,areifyouareneglectingyourhealth,missingyourchildren

growinguporignoringyourpartner.

L.Google'slong-termstudyofworkingcultureshasrevealedthatsome

peoplearebetterequippedthanotherstoleavetheofficebehindattheendofthe

workingday.LaszloBock,whoheadsthetechcompany'speopleoperationsdivision,

describestwotypesofworkingpersonality:"segmentors",aminoritywhoareableto

drawapsychologicallinebetweenworkstressandhome,and"integrators",for

whomworklurksconstantlyintheirheads,leadingthemtochecktheire-mails

constantly.

M.AsMr.Serrattacknowledges:Ultimately,knowingwhentocallitaday

comesdowntoself-awareness.（分数：25.00）

21.Somejunioremployeesareencouragedtotakemeaningfulworktoshow

theirtalentsinsteadofworkinglonghours.（分数：2.50）

填空项1：（正确答案：J）

解析：

22.PTOmakesstaffarrangetheirworkinorderofpriority,makingtheteam

becomemoreefficient.（分数：2.50）

填空项I：（正确答案：C）

解析：

23.Somecompaniesaretakingtentativeactionstolimittheinvasionof

technologiesintheemployees'nonworkingtime.（分数：2.50）

填空项1：（正确答案：H）

解析：

24.BCGinitiatedapolicywhichencourageditsstafftochooseacertainperiod

oftimetoturnofftheirphones.（分数：2.50）

填空项1：（正确答案：B）

解析：

25.AstudybyGooglehasshownthatsomeemployeescangetridofworking

pressureeasilywhentheyknockoff.（分数：2.50）

填空项1：（正确答案：L）

解析：

26.Dr.Michelclaimsthateventhebankindustryispossibletoreduce

overworkifemployersgetthefeedbackthatworkingovertimehamperspeople's

abilities.（分数：2.50）

填空项1：（正确答案：I）

解析：

27.Youngpeopleinthetechnologicalfieldareencouragedtoworkovertime

andmakemoney.（分数：2.50）

填空项1：（正确答案：F）

解析：

28.Individualdisparityshouldbetakenintoconsiderationasdifferentpeople

showdifferentendurancetoworkalongtime.（分数:2.50）

填空项1：（正确答案：K）

解析：

29.Workingovertimeisprevalentinindustriessuchasfinance,law,and

medicine.（分数：2.50）

填空项1：（正确答案：E）

解析：

30.Althoughithasbeenprovedthatworkingovertimelowersefficiency,a

researchshowedthatlonghours'workisperceivedascommitment.（分数：2.50）

填空项1：（正确答案：G）

解析：

.Thelastfewweekshavebroughtanunusualconvergenceofvoicesfromboth

thecentreandtheleftaboutatopicthatistypicallypartofconservativeterritory:

povertyandsingle-parentfamilies.Justassomeconservativeshavestartedtalking

seriouslyaboutrisinginequalityandstagnantincomes,someliberalshavefinally

beguntoadmitthatourstubbornly（难以对付地）highratesofpovertyandsocial

andeconomicimmobilityarecloselyentwinedwiththeriseofsinglemotherhood.

Butthat'swhereagreementends.Consistentwithitsbeliefinself-sufficiency,

therightwantstoseemoremarried-couplefamilies.Fortheleft,widespreadsingle

motherhoodisafactofmodernlifethathastobemetwithvigorouslyexpanded

governmentsupport.Liberalspointout,correctly,thatpovertyratesforsingle­

parenthouseholdsarelowerinmostotheradvancedeconomies,wherethewelfare

stateismoregenerous.

Thatargumentignoresatroublingtruth:Single-parentfamiliesarenotthe

sameintheUnitedStatesaselsewhere.Simplyput,unmarriedparentshereare

morelikelytoenterintoparenthoodinwaysguaranteedtocreateturmoilintheir

children'slives.ThetypicalAmericansinglemotherisyoungerthanhercounterpart

inotherdevelopednations.Sheismorelikelytoliveinacommunitywheresingle

motherhoodisthenormratherthananalternativelifechoice.

Allofthiswouldbeofmerelypassinginterestifitweren'tfortheevidence

thatthiskindofdomesticchurnisreallybadnewsforkids.Themore"transitions"

experiencedbyachild——thearrivalofastepparent,aparentalboyfriendorgirlfriend,

orastep-orhalfsibling——themorechildrenarelikelytohaveeitheremotionalor

academicproblems,orboth.

Partoftheproblemisthatanonresidentfathertendstofadeoutofhis

children'slivesifthere'sanewmaninhisex'shouseorifhehaschildrenwithanew

partner.Foremotionalandfinancialreasons,hisloyaltytohispreviouschildren

slackens（变弱）oncehehasachildwithanewgirlfriendorwife.Norisitlikely,from

theoverlookedchild'spointofview,thatamother'snewboyfriendorhusbandcan

fillthegap.There'ssubstantialresearchshowingthatstepfathersaresometimes

worsethannoneatall.

31.Whatproblemdidtheconservativestypicallyfocuson?（分数：

12.50）

A.Risinginequalityandstagnantincomes.

B.Povertyandsingle-parenthouseholds.V

C.Socialandeconomicsluggishness.

D.Theriseofthedivorcerate.

解析：

.TerryColemayseemlikeanordinary40-year-oldmorn,butherneighbors

knowthetruth:She'soneofthe"PodPeople".Atthesupermarketshewandersthe

aislesinaself-containedbubble,thankstoheriPoddigitalmusicplayer.Through

thoselittlewhiteearbuds,Colelistenstoaplaylistmixedbyherfavoritedisc

presenter——herself.

Athome,whenthekidsaretuckedaway,Coleoftenescapestoanothersolo

mediapod——butinthisone,she'stransmittinginsteadofjustreceiving.Onher

computerweblog,or"blog",shetypesanonlinejournalchroniclingdailynewsof

herlife,thensharesitallwiththeWeb.

Cole——whoalsogetsherdailynewscustomizedofftheInternetandwhose

digitalvideorecorder（DVR）scansthroughthetelevisionwastelandtofindand

recordshowsthatsuithertastes——ispartofanewbreedofpeoplewhoarefiltering,

shapingandevencreatingmediaforthemselves.Theyareincreasinglyturningtheir

backsontheestablishedsystemofmassmediathathasprovided