大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷8（共230题）

大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试

卷8（共9套）

（共230题）

大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试

卷第1套

一、词汇理解（本题共70题，每题1.0分，共70分。）

Usingauumpulciorsmailplioiicalniglilcancauseuslupileunllicpounds,new

researchhasrevealed.Thestudyfoundalinkbetweenbluelight[Cl]一blue

lightisemittedbysmartphonesandtablets-andincreasedhunger.Itfoundthatexposure

tothelightincreaseshungerlevelsforseveralhoursandevenincreaseshungerlevels

aftereatingameal.ResultsoftheU.S.studyshowthatblue-enrichcdlightexposure,

comparedwith[C2]lightexposure,was[C3]withanincreasein

hungerthatbegan15minutesafterlightonsetandwasstill[C4]almosttwo

hoursafterthemeal.Bluelightexposurehasalsoalreadybeenshowntodecreased

sleepinessintheeveningincreasingtheriskofinsomnia.Studyco-authorIvyCheung,of

NorthwesternUniversity,inChicago,said:"Asinglethree-hourexposuretobluc-

enrichedlightintheevening[C5]impactedhungerandglucosemetabolism.

Theseresultsareimportantbecausetheysuggestthatmanipulatingenvironmentallight

exposureforhumansmayrepresentanovel[C6]ofinfluencingfoodintake

patternsandmetabolism."Thestudygroup[C7]10healthyadultswith

regularsleepandeatingscheduleswhoreceived[C8]carbohydrate-rich

meals.Theycompletedafour-daytrialunderdimlightconditions,whichinvolved

exposuretolessthan20luxduring16hoursawakeandlessthanthreeluxduringeight

hoursofsleep.Ondaythreetheywereexposedtothreehoursof260lux,blue-enrichcd

lightstarting10.5hoursafterwakingup,andtheeffectswerecomparedwithdimlight

exposureondaytwo.MsCheungsaidmoreresearchisneededto[C9]the

mechanismsofaction[CIO]intherelationshipbetweenlightexposure,

hungerandmetabolism.A)associatedF)rarelyK)identicalB)acutelyG)settleL)

mannerC)comprisedH)presentM)involvedD)determineI)approachN)dimE)dump

J)randomlyO)exposure

1、【Cl】’

标准答案：0

知识点解析：空格前为名词light,空格后为破折号，betweenbluelight

andincreasedhunger为并列结构，因此空格处应填入名词（n.）。由句意可知，空

格处的名词应与“接触”表意相近，同时第三段也提到lightexposure,名词中只有0

项exposure“暴露”符合句意。故本题选0。

2、[C2]

标准答案：N

知识点解析：空格前为介词with,空格后为lightexposure,因此空格处应填入形容

词（a.）o由句意可知，空格处的形容词应与'、暗淡的'’表意相近，而且第五段也提

到dimlightconditions,形容词中只有N项dim“暗淡的，昏暗的”符合句意。故本

题选N。

3、[C3]

标准答案：A

知识点解析：空格前为be动词was,空格后为介词with,因此空格处应填入动词

的过去分词（v.-cd）o由句意可知，空格处的动词应与“联系”表意相近，动词中只

有A项associated"联系”符合句意。故本题选A。

4、[C4]

标准答案：H

知识点解析：空格前为wasstill,空格后为副词almost,因此空格处应填入形容词

（a.）o由句意可知，空格处的形容词应与“存在的”表意相近，形容词中只有H项

present”存在的"符合句意。故本题选H。

5、[C5]

标准答案：B

知识点解析：空格前为intheevening,空格后为谓语impacted,本句不缺主干成

分，因此空格处应填入副词（ad.）。由句意可知，空格处的副词应与“重大”表意

相近，副词中只有B项acutely”深深地，极其”符合句意。故本题选B。

6、[C61

标准答案：I

知识点解析：空格前为anovel,空格后为of,因此空格处应填入名词（n.）。由句

意可知，空格处的名词应与“方法”表意相近，名词中只有I项approach”方法，途

径”符合句意。故本题选I。

7、[C71

标准答案：C

知识点解析：空格前为主语Thestudygroup,空格后为宾语10heallhyadults,因此

空格处应填入动词（v.）。由句意可知，空格处的动词应与“包含”表意相近，动词

中只有C项comprised”包括，包含，由……组成”符合句意。故本题选C。

8、[C8]

标准答案：K

知识点解析：空格前为received,空格后为carbohydrate-richmeals,因此空格处应

填入形容词(a.)o由句意可知，空格处的形容词应与“同一的”表意相近，形容词

中只有K项identical“同一的，完全相同的”符合句意。故本题选K。

9、[C9]

标准答案：D

知识点解析：空格前为I。，空格后为定冠词〔he,因此空格处应填入动词(v.)。

由句意可知，空格处的动词应与'、决定'’表意相近，动词中只有D项detennme'、查

明；决定''符合句意。故本题选D。

10、[C10]

标准答案：M

知识点解析：空格前为action,空格后为介词in,因此空格处应填入动词(v.)。

由句意可知，空格处的动词应与“涉及”表意相近，动词中只有M项involved”卷

入，涉及，参与''符合句意。故本题选M。

二、长篇阅读（本题共70题，每题7.0分，共70分。）

Who'sReallyAddictingYoutoTechnology?[A]"NearlyeveryoneIknowisaddictedin

somemeasuretotheInternet,"wroteTonySchwartzinTheNewYorkTimes.It'sa

commoncomplaintthesedays.AsteadystreamofsimilarheadlinesaccusetheNetand

itsoffspringapps,socialmediasitesandonlinegamesofaddictingustodistraction.[B]

There'slittledoubtthatnearlyeveryonewhocomesincontactwiththeNethasdifficulty

disconnecting.Manyofus,likeSchwartz,struggletostayfocusedontasksthatrequire

moreconcentrationthanittakestopostastatusupdate.Asonepersonironicallyputitin

thecommentssectionofSchwartz'sonlinearticle,"AsIwasreadingthisveryexcellent

article,Istoppedatleasthalfadozentimestocheckmyemail."[C]There'ssomething

differentaboutthistechnology:itisbothinvasiveandpersuasive.Butwho'satfaultfor

itsoveruse?Tofindsolutions,it'simportanttounderstandwhatwc'rcdealingwith.There

arefourpartiesconspiringtokeepyouconnected:thetech,yourboss,yourfriendsand

you.|D|Thetechnologiesthemselves,andtheirmakers,aretheeasiestsuspectstoblame

forourdiminishingattentionspans.NicholasCarr,authorofTheShallows:Whatthe

InternetIsDoingtoOurBrains,wrote,"Thenetisdesignedtobeaninterruptionsystem,

amachinegearedtodividingattention.H[E]OnlineserviceslikeFacebook,Twitterand

thelike,arecalledoutasmastersofmanipulation-makingproductssogoodthatpeople

can'tstopusingthem.Afterstudyingtheseproductsforseveralyears,Iwroteabook

abouthowtheydoit.Ilearneditallstartswiththebusinessmodel.Sincetheseservices

relyonadvertisingrevenue,themorefrequentlyyouusethem,themoremoneythey

make.It'snowonderthesecompaniesemployteamsofpeoplefocusedonengineering

theirservicestobeasengagingaspossible.Theseproductsaren'thabit-formingby

chance:it'sbydesign.Theyhaveanincentivetokeepushooked.[F]However,asgood

astheseservicesare,therearesimplestepswecantaketokeepthematbay.For

example,wecanchangehowoftenwereceivethedistractingnotificationsthattrigger

oururgetocheck.AccordingtoAdamMarchick,CEOofmobilemarketingcompany

Kahuna,lessthan15percentofsmartphoneuserseverbothertoadjusttheirnotification

settings-meaningtheremaining85percentofusdefaulttotheappmakers'everypreset

trigger.GoogleandApplehavemadeitfartoodifficulttoadjustthesesettingssoit'sup

toustotakestepstoensurewesetthesetriggerstosuitourownneeds,nottheneedsof

theappmakers'.[G]WhilecompanieslikeFacebookharvestattentiontogenerate

revenuefromadvertisers,othertechnologieshavenosuchagenda.Takeemail,for

example.Thissystemcouldn'tcarelesshowoftenyouuseit.Yettomany,emailisthe

mosthabit-formingmediumofall.Wccheckemailatallhoursoftheday——wc'rc

obsessed.Butwhy?Becausethat'swhatthebosswants.Foralmostallwhite-collarjobs,

emailistheprimarytoolofcorporatecommunication.Aslowresponsetoamessage

couldhurtnotonlyyourreputationbutalsoyourlivelihood.[H]Yourfriendsarealso

responsiblefortheaddiction.Thinkaboutthisfamiliarscene.Peoplegatheredarounda

table,enjoyingfoodandeachother'scompany.There'slaughterandabitofkidding.

Then,duringanintervalintheconversation,someonetakesouttheirphonetocheckwho

knowswhat.Barelyanyonenoticesandnoonesaysathing.[I]Now,imaginethesame

dinner,butinsteadofcheckingtheirphone,thepersonbelches(打嗝)一loudly.Everyone

notices.Unlessthemealtakesplaceinabeerhouse,thisisconsideredbadmanners.The

impoliteactviolatesthebasicrulesofetiquette.Onehastowonder:whydon'tweapply

thesamesocialnormstocheckingphonesduringmeals,meetingsandconversationsas

wedotootherantisocialbehaviors?Somehow,weacceptitandsaynothingwhen

someoneoffends.[J]Therealityis,takingone'sphoneoutatthewrongtimeisworse

thanbelchingbecause,unlikeotherminoroffensecheckingtechiscontagious.Onceone

personlooksattheirphone,otherpeoplefeelcompelledtodothesame,startingachain

reaction.Themorepeopleareontheirphones,thefewerpeoplearetalkinguntilfinally

you'retheonlyoneleftnotreadingemailorcheckingTwitter.Fromasocietal

perspective,phonecheckingislesslikebelchinginpublicandmorelikeanotherbad

habit.Ourphonesarclikecigarettes—somethingtodowhenwc'rcanxious,boredor

whenourfingersneedsomethingtotoywith.Seeingothersenjoyasmoke,orsneaka

quickglance,istootemptingtoresistandsooneveryoneisdoingit.|K|Thetechnology,

yourboss,andyourfriends,allinfluencehowoftenyoufindyourselfusing(or

overusing)thesegadgets.Butthere'sstillsomeonewhodeservesscrutiny-theperson

holdingthephone.[L]Ihaveaconfession.EventhoughIstudyhabit-forming

technologyforaliving,disconnectingisnoteasyforme.I'monlinefarmorethanI'dlike.

LikeSchwartzandsomanyothers,Ioftenfindmyselfdistractedandofftask.Iwantedto

knowwhysoIbeganself-monitoringtotrytounderstandmybehavior.That'swhenI

discoveredanuncomfortabletruth.Iusetechnologyasanescape.WhenI'mdoing

somethingI'drathernotdo,orwhenI'msomeplaceI'drathernotbe.1usemyphoneto

portmyselfelsewhere.Ifoundthatthisabilitytoinstantlyshiftmyattentionwasoftena

Noodthing,likewhenpassingtimeonpublictransportation.Butfrequentlymytechuse

wasnotsobenign.WhenIfaceddifficultwork,likethinkingthroughanarticleideaor

editingthesamedraftforthehundredthtime,forexample,amoresinisterscreenwould

drawmein.Icouldeasilyescapediscomfort,temporarily,byansweringemailsor

browsingthewebunderthepretenseofso-called"research."ThoughIdesperately

wantedtolayblameelsewhere,Ifinallyhadtoadmitthatmybadhabitshadlesstodo

withnew-agetechnologyandmoretodowithold-fashionedprocrastination（拖延）.|M|

It'seasytoblametechnologyforbeingsodistracting,butdistractionisnothingnew.

AristotleandSocratesdebatedthenatureof"akrasia"-ourtendencytodothingsagainst

ourinterests.Ifwe'rehonestwithourselves,techisjustanotherwaytooccupyourtime

andminds.Ifweweren'tonourdevices,we'dlikelydosomethingsimilarly

unproductive.[N]Personaltechnologyisindeedmoreengagingthanever,andthere'sno

doubtcompaniesarcengineeringtheirproductsandservicestobemorecompellingand

attractive.Butwouldwewantitanyotherway?Theintendedresultofmakingsomething

betteristhatpeopleuseitmore.That'snotnecessarilyaproblem,that'sprogress.|O

Theseimprovementsdon'tmeanweshouldn'tattempttocontrolouruseoftechnology.In

ordertomakesureitdoesn'tcontrolus,weshouldcometotermswiththefactthatits

morethanthetechnologyitselfthat'sresponsibleforourhabits.Ourworkplaceculture,

socialnormsandindividualbehaviorsallplayapart.Toputtechnologyinitsplace,we

mustbeconsciousnotonlyofhowtechnologyischanging,butalsoofhowitischanging

us.

11、Onlineservicesaresodesignedthatthemoretheyareused,themoreprofitthey

generate.

标准答案：E

知识点储析：题干：在线服务的设计初哀就是它们被使用得越多，产生的利润就越

多。题干的关键词ORlineservices>themoretheyareused,themoreprofitthey

generate与E段第四句Sincetheseservices…themorefrequentlyyouusethem,the

moremoneytheymake相对应，theseservices指E段第一句中的Onlineserviceslike

Facebook,Twitterandthe1汰e,题干是对E段第四句的同义替换。故本题选E。

12、Theauthoradmitsusingtechnologyasanescapefromthetaskathand.

标准答案：L一

知识点解析：题干：作者承认以技术为借口来逃避手头的任务。题干的关键词The

authoradmits与L段第一句Ihaveaconfession相对应：题干关键词usingtechnology

asallescapefromthetaskathand与L段第七句Iusetechnologyasanescape相对

应，接卜来的第八、九句做了进一步解释，题十是对L段内容的概括总结。故本

题选L。

13、Checkingphonesatdinnersisnowacceptedasnormalbutnotbelching.

标准答案：I-

知识点解析：题干：在用餐时查看手机现在已被视为是正常的，但打嗝不行。题干

的关键词Checkingphonesatdinnersisnowacceptedasnormal与I段末句中的we

acceptitandsaynothingwhensomeoneoffends相对应，it指倒数第二句中提到的

checkingphonesduringmeals,meetingsandconversations；题干关键词butnot

belching与I段第三句中的thisisconsideredbadmanners相对应,this指第一♦句中的

thesamedinner...thepersonbelchesloudlyo题干是对I段内容的概括总结。故

本题选Io

14、Tomakeproperuseoftechnology,weshouldnotonlyincreaseourawarenessof

howitischangingbutalsohowitisimpactingus.

标准答案：0

知识点解析：题干：为更好地利用技术，我们不仅应该提高对技术如何变化的认

识。还应该提高对它如何影响我们的认识。题干的关键词Tomakeproperuseof

technologyincreaseourawarenessofhowitischangingbutalsohowitisimpactingus

与O段末句Toputtechnologyinitsplace、beconsciousnotonlyofhowtechnologyis

changing,butalsoofhowitischangingUS相对应，题干是对O段末句的同义替

换。故本题选0。

15、MostofusfindithardtofocusonourimmediatelasksbecauseofInternet

distractions.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：题干：我们大多数人都认为，由于互联网的干扰，我们很难专注于眼

前的任务。题干的关键词Mostofus^hardtofocusonourimmediatetasksbecauseof

Internetdistractions与B段第二句中的Manyofus...struggletostayfocusedontasks

ihatrequiremoreconcentration相对应，题干是对B段第二句的同义替换。故本题选

Bo

16、Whenonepersonstartscheckingtheirphone,theotherswillfollowsuit.

标准答案：J

知识点解析：题干：当一个人开始查看手机时，其他人也会跟着这么做。题干的关

键词oneperson>checkingtheirphonetheothers和followsuit与J段第二句中的

Onceonepersonlooksattheirphone,otherpeoplefeelcompelledtodothesame­

startingachainreaction题干是对J段第二句的同义替换。故本题选J。

17、Thegreatmajorityofsmartphoneusersdon'ttakethetroubletoadjusttheirsettings

tosuittheirpurposes.

标准答案：F

知识点解析：题干：绝大多数智能手机用户不会费劲地去调整设置以满足自己的需

求。题干的关键词Thegreatmajorityofsmartphoneusers、don'ttakethetroubleto

adjusttheirsettings与F段第三句中的theremaining85percentofus、less...ever

bothertoadjusttheirnotificationsettings相对应，题干关键词suittheirpurposes与F

段末句中的suitourownneeds相对应，题干是对F段第三、四句的概括总结。故本

题选F。

18、TheInternetisregardedbysomeasdesignedtodistractourattention.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：题干：有些人认为互联网就是设计来分散我们的注意力的。题干的关

键词TheInternet>designedtodistractOurattention与D段末句中的Thenct^

designedtobeallinterruptionsystem,amachinegearedtodividingattention相对应°

题干是对D段末句的同义替换。故本题选D。

19、Theauthorattributeshistechaddictionchieflytohishabitofputtingoffdoingwhat

heshoulddorightaway.

标准答案：L

知识点露析：题干：作者将他的技术上瘾主要归因于他推迟做他应该马上做的事情

的习惯。题干的关键词attributes...chieflytohishabitof与L段末句中的layblame

hadlesstodowith...andmoretodowith…相对应,题干关键词histechaddiction>

puttingoffdoingwhatheshoulddorightaway与末句中的mybadhabits、

procrastination相对应，题干是对L段末句的同义替换。故本题选L。

20、White-collarworkerscheckemailroundtheclockbecauseilisrequiredbytheir

employers.

标准答案：G

知识点解析：题干：白领们全天候地查看电子邮件，因为这是他们的雇主要求的。

题干的关键词White-collarworkers与G段倒数第二句中的white-collarjobs相对

应，题干关键词checkemailroundtheclock与G段第五句中的checkemailatall

hoursoftheday相对应,题干关键词becauseitisrequiredbytheiremployers与G段

第七句Becausethafswhatthebosswants相对应。题干是对G段的概括总结。故本

题选G。

三、仔细阅读（本题共10题，每题1.0分，共10分。）

OrganicagricultureisarelativelyuntappedresourceforfeedingtheEarth'spopulation,

especiallyinthefaceofclimatechangeandotherglobalchallenges.That'stheconclusion

Ireachedinreviewing40yearsofsciencecomparingthelong-termprospectsoforganic

andconventionalfarming.Thereviewstudy,"OrganicAgricultureinthe21stCentury,"

isfeaturedasthecoverstoryfbrtheFebruaryissueofthejournalNaturePlants.Itisthe

firsttocompareorganicandconventionalagricultureacrossthemaingoalsof

sustainabilityidentifiedbytheNationalAcademyofSciences:productivity,economics

andenvironment.Criticshavelongarguedthatorganicagricultureisinefficient,

requiringmorelandtoyieldthesameamountoffood.It'struethatorganicfanning

producesloweryields,averaging10to20percentless（hanconventional.Advocates

contendthattheenvironmentaladvantagesoforganicagriculturefaroutweighthelower

yields,andthatincreasingresearcharidbreedingresourcesfororganicsystemswould

reducetheyieldgap.Sometimesexcludedfromtheseargumentsisthefactthatwe

alreadyproduceenoughfoodtomorethanfeedtheworld's7.4billionpeoplebutdonot

provideadequateaccesstoallindividuals.Insomecases,organicyieldscanbehigher

thanconventional.Forexample,inseveredroughtconditions,whichareexpectedto

increasewithclimatechangeinmanyareas,organicfarmscanproduceasgood,ifnot

better,yieldsbecauseofthehigherwater-holdingcapacityoforganicallyfarmedsoils.

Whatsciencedoestellusisthatmainstreamconventionalfarmingsystemshaveprovided

growingsuppliesoffoodandotherproductsbutoftenattheexpenseofother

sustainabilitygoals.Conventionalagriculturemayproducemorefood,butitoftencomes

alacosttotheenvironment.Biodiversityloss,environmentaldegradation,andsevere

impactsonecosystemserviceshavenotonlyaccompaniedconventionalfarmingsystems

buthaveoftenextendedwellbeyondtheirfieldboundaries.Withorganicagriculture,

environmentalcoststendtobelowerandthebenefitsgreater.Overall,organicfarmstend

tostoremoresoilcarbon,havebettersoilqualityandreducesoilerosioncomparedto

theirconventionalcounterparts.Organicagriculturealsocreateslesssoilandwater

pollutionandlowergreenhousegasemissions.Andit'smoreenergy-efficientbecauseit

doesn'trelyonsyntheticfertilizersorpesticides.Organicagricultureisalsoassociated

withgreaterbiodiversityofplants,animals,insectsandmicroorganismsaswellas

geneticdiversity.Biodiversityincreasestheservicesthatnatureprovidesandimproves

theabilityoffarmingsystemstoadapttochangingconditions.Despiteloweryields,

organicagricultureismoreprofitableforfarmersbecauseconsumersarewillingtopay

more.Higherprices,calledpricepremiums,canbejustifiedasawaytocompensate

farmersfbrprovidingecosystemservicesandavoidingenvironmentaldamageorexternal

costs.

21、Whatdowelearnfromtheconclusionoftheauthor'sreviewstudy?

A^Moreresourcesshouldbetappedforfeedingtheworld'spopulation.

B、Organicfarmingmaybeexploitedtosolvetheglobalfoodproblem.

C^Thelong-termprospectsoforganicfarmingareyettobeexplored.

D^Organicfarmingisatleastaspromisingasconventionalfarming.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。艰据题干关键词conclusion和reviewstudy定位至首段最后

一句，但是该句无法解题。该定位句中含有代词That,需看定位句上一句解题。

上一句指出OrganicagricultureisarelativelyuntappedresourcefbrfeedingtheEarth's

population（有机农业是养活地球人口的一种相对未被开发的资源），B项“有机农业

可以用来解决全球粮食问题”是对首句的同义替换。故本题选B。A项”应该开发更

多的资源来养活世界人口''与首段首句“有机农业是一种相对未被开发的资源”表述

不符，原文并未提及。C项“有机农业的长期前景还有待探索”与首段作者对有机农

业的前景持肯定态度的表述不符。D项”有机农业至少和传统农业一样有前途”与原

文表述不符，从全文来看，有机农业比传统农业有前途。

22、Whatisthecritics,argumentagainstorganicfarming?

A、Itcannotmeettheneedforfood.

Itcannotincreasefarmyields.

C^Itisnotreallypractical.

D、Itisnotthatproductive.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。艰据题干关键词thecritics'argument定位至第三段首句，该

句指出Criticshavelongarguedthatorganicagricultureisinefficient,requiringmore

landtoyieldthesameamountoffood（长期以来，批评人士一直认为有机农业效率低

下，需要更多的土地来生产同样数量的粮食），其言外之意是有机农业没那么高

产，D项“它没有那么高产”是对首句的适度推断。故本题选D。A项“它不能满足

对粮食的需求”、B项“它不能增加农业产量”和C项“它不是切实可行的“原文均未

提及，属于无中生有。

23、Whaldoestheauthorthinkshouldbetakenintoaccountinarguingaboutorganic

farming?

A、Growthinworldpopulation.

B、Deteriorationinsoilfertility.

C^Inequalityinfooddistribution.

D、Advanceinfarmingtechnology.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题。艰据题干关键词shouldbetakenintoaccount和arguing定位

至第三段最后一句，其中Sometimesexcludedfromtheseargumentsis（这些论点有时

忽略了……）与题干关键词反向同义。该句指出“这些论点有时忽略了这样一个事

实：我们生产的粮食已经足够养活世界上74亿人，但我们却并没有为所有人提供

足够的食物“，由此可推断出作者认为粮食产量足够，只是没有分配到所有人，C

项“粮食分配的不均”是对最后一句的适度推断。故本题选C。A项“世界人口的增

长”、B项“土壤肥力的下降”和D项“农业技术的进步”均利用原文的个别信息进行

杂糅，属于无中生有。

24、Whatdoessciencetellusaboutconventionalfanning?

Itwillnotbeabletomeetglobalfooddemand.

B、Ilisnotconducivetosustainabledevelopment.

C^Itwilleventuallygivewaytoorganicfarming.

D>Itisgoingmainstreamthroughouttheworld.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。艰据题干关键词science和conventionalfarming定位至第五

段。该段指出mainstreamconventionalfarmingsystems...oftenattheexpenseofother

sustainabilitygoals（主流的传统农业系统……往往是以牺牲其他可持续性目标为代

价的），即“传统农业不利于可持续发展”，B项“它不利于可持续发展”是对第五段的

同义替换。故本题选B,A项“它将不能满足全球粮食需求”与第三段最后一句“我

们生产的粮食已经足够养活世界上74亿人”表述相反，属于正反混淆。C项“它最

终将被有机农业取代''为过度推断，原文提到传统农业不利于可持续发展，并未提

及传统农业”最终将被有机农业取代D项“它正成为世界主流”将原文中既有的事

实“传统农业已经是主流”曲解为科学预测的内容。

25、Whydoestheauthorthinkhigherpricesoforganicfarmproducearejustifiable?

A、Theygivefarmersgoingorganicabigcompetitiveedge.

B、Theymotivatefarmerstoupgradefarmingtechnology.

C>Organicfarmingcostsmorethanconventionalfarming.

D、Organicfarmingdoeslong-termgoodtotheecosystem.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。艰据题干关键词higherprices和justifiable定位至最后一段

最后一句。该句指出Higherprices...canbejustifiedasawaytocompensatefanners

forprovidingecosystemservicesandavoidingenvironmentaldamageorexternal

costs（更高的价格……也是合情合理的，这可以作为对农民提供生态系统服务、避

免破坏环境或外部成本的一种补偿），D项“有机农业对生态系统有长期的好处”是

对最后一句的概括总结。故本题选D。A项”它们给采用有机农业的农民很大的竞

争优势”属于无中生有，原文最后一句只提及有机农产品的高价是对农民的补偿，

并未提及会给农民带来竞争优势。B项“它们激励农民升级农业技术”和C项“有机

农业比传统农业花费更高”均属于无中生有。

Itiseasytomissamidtheday-to-dayheadlinesofglobaleconomicrecession,butthereis

alessconspicuouskindofsocialupheaval（居lj变）underwaythatisfastalteringboththe

faceoftheplanetandthewayhumanbeingslive.Thatchangeistherapidaccelerationof

urbanization.In2008,forthefirsttimeinhumanhistory,morethanhalftheworld's

populationwaslivingintownsandcities.Andasarecentlypublishedpapershows,the

processofurbanizationwillonlyaccelerateinthedecadestocome-withanenormous

impactonbiodiversityandpotentiallyonclimatechange.AsKarenSeto,theleadauthor

ofthepaper,pointsout,thewaveofurbanizationisn'tjustaboutthemigrationofpeople

intourbanenvironments,butabouttheenvironmentsthemselvesbecomingbiggerto

accommodateallthosepeople.Therapidexpansionofurbanareaswillhaveahuge

impactonbiodiversityhotspotsandoncarbonemissionsinthoseurbanareas.Humans

aretheultimateinvasivespecies—whentheymoveintonewterritory,theyoftendisplace

thewildlifethatwasalreadylivingthere.Andaslandisclearedforthosenewcities一

especiallyinthedensetropicalforests-carbonwillbereleasedintotheatmosphereas

well.It'struethataspeopleindevelopingnationsmovefromthecountrysidetothecity,

theshiftmayreducethepressureonland,whichcouldinturnbegoodforthe

environment.Thisisespeciallysoindesperatelypoorcountries,whereresidentsinthe

countrysideslashandbumforestseachgrowingseasontoclearspaceforfarming.But

therealdifferenceisthatindevelopingnations,themovefromruralareastocitiesoften

leadstoanaccompanyingincreaseinincome—andthatincreaseleadstoanincreasein

theconsumptionoffoodandenergy,whichinturncausesariseincarbonemissions.

Gettingenoughtoeatandenjoyingthesafetyandcomtbitoflivingfullyonthegridis

certainlyagoodthing—butitdoescarryanenvironmentalprice.Theurbanizationwave

can'tbestopped—anditshouldn'tbe.ButSeto'spaperdoesunderscoretheimportanceof

managingthattransition.Ifwedoittherightway,wecanreduceurbanization'simpact

ontheenvironment."There*sanenormousopportunityhere,andalotofpressureand

respunsibililytothinkabouthowweurbanize,"saysStlo."Onethingthat'sclearisdial

wecan'tbuildcitiesthewaywehaveoverthelastcoupleofhundredyears.Thescaleof

thistransitionwon'tallowthat."We'reheadedtowardsanurbanplanetnomatterwhat,

butwhetheritbecomesheavenorhellisuptous.

26、Whatissuedoestheauthortrytodrawpeople'sattentionto?

A、Theshrinkingbiodiversityworldwide.

B、Therapidincreaseofworldpopulation.

C^Theongoingglobaleconomicrecession.

D、Theimpactofacceleratingurbanization.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：主旨题。艰据题干关键词drawpeople'sattention和“题文同序”原则定

位到前两段。第一段末句指出theprocessofurbanizationwillonlyaccelerateinthe

decadestocome—withanenormousimpactonbiodiversityandpotentiallyonclimate

change（城市化进程只会在未来几十年加速，对生物多样性和气候变化产生巨大影

响），第二段末句指出Therapidexpansionofurbanareaswillhaveahugeimpacton

biodiversityhotspotsandoncarbonemissionsinthoseurbanareas（城市的快速扩张将

对生物多样性热门地区和城市的碳排放产生巨大影响），这两句话指的是同一个问

题，即作者试图引起人们注意的问题，因此D项“城市化加速的影响”是对这两句

的同义替换。故本题选D。A项“全球生物多样性的萎缩”、B项“世界人口的迅速

增长”和C项“持续的全球经济衰退”虽然在第一段都出现了，但都不是作者试图引

起人们注意的问题。

27、Inwhatsensearehumanstheultimateinvasivespecies?

A、Theyaremuchgreedierthanotherspecies.

B、Ihcyarcauniquespeciesborntoconquer.

C、Theyforceotherspeciesoutoftheirterritories.

D、Theyhaveanurgetoexpandtheirlivingspace.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题。艰据题干关键词humans和theultimateinvasivespecies定位

至lj第三段。首句提至ljHumansaretheultimateinvasivespecies—whentheymoveinto

newterritory,theyoftendisplacethewildlifethatwasalreadylivingthere（/、类是最终

的入侵物种，当他们进入新的领地时，通常会取代已经生活在那里的野生动物），

因此C项“他们迫使其他物种离开它们的领地“符合文意，forceotherspeciesoutof

theirterritories是对原文displacethewildlifethatwasalreadylivingthere的同义替

换。故本题选C。A项“他们比其他物种贪婪得多”、B项“他们是生来就是为了征

服的独特物种”和D项“他们有扩大生活空间的冲动”均属于无中生有。

28、Inwhatwayisurbanizationinpoorcountriesgoodfortheenvironment?

A、Morelandwillbepreservedforwildlife.

B、Thepressureonfarmlandwillbelessened.

CNCarbonemissionswillbeconsiderablyreduced.

D、Naturalresourceswillbeusedmoreeffectively.

标准答案：R

知识点解析：细节题。艰据题干关键词urbanizationinpoorcountriesgoodforthe

environment定位到第三段。第三句指出It'struethataspeopleindevelopingnations

movefromthecountrysidetothecity,theshiftmayreducethepressureonland,which

couldinturnbegoodfortheenvironment（诚然，随着发展中亩家的人们从农村迁移

到城市，这种转变可能会减轻土地的压力，这反过来又有利于环境），结合第四句

可知，贫穷国家的农村居民每到作物的种植季都会砍伐并烧毁森林，清理出土地用

来耕种，所以说，贫穷国家的城市化会减轻