大学英语四级真题试卷及答案试卷一

PartiWriting(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoexpress

yourthankstooneofyourfriendswhohelpedyoumostwhenyouwerein

difficulty.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words,

PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeach

newsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthe

questionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoose

thebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthe

correspondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

1.A)TheInternationalLaborOrganization/skeyobjective.

B)Thebasicsocialprotectionforthemostvulnerable.

C)Risingunemploymentworldwide.

D)Globaleconomicrecovery.

2.A)Manycountrieshavenottakenmeasurestocreateenoughjobs.

B)Fewcountriesknowhowtoaddressthecurrenteconomiccrisis.

C)Fewcountrieshaverealizedtheseriousnessofthecurrentcrisis.

D)Manycountriesneedsupporttoimprovetheirpeople'slivelihood.

Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

3.A)Servestandardizedfoodnationwide.

B)Putcalorieinformationonthemenu.

C)Increaseproteincontentinthefood.

D)Offerconvenientfoodtocustomers.

4.A)Theyw川befined.

B)Theywillbeclosed.

C)Theywillgetawarning.

D)Theywilllosecustomers.

Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

5.A)Inabilitytoimplementtheirbusinessplans.

B)Inabilitytokeepturningoutnovelproducts.

C)Lackofasuccessfulbusinessmodeloftheirown.

D)Failuretointegrateinnovationintotheirbusiness.

6.A)Itisthesecrettobusinesssuccess.

B)Itisthecreationofsomethingnew.

C)Itisamagictooltobringbigrewards.

D)Itisanessentialpartofbusinessculture.

7.A)Itshardworkingemployees.

B)Itsflexiblepromotionstrategy.

C)Itsinnovationculture.

D)Itswillingnesstomakeinvestments.

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendof

eachconversationsyouwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationsandthe

question-swillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion.Youmustchoose

thebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B)；C)andD),Thenmarkthe

correspondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

8.A)Hdsgotaddictedtotechnology.

B)Heisnotverygoodatsocializing.

C)Heiscrazyabouttext-messaging.

D)Hedoesnottalklongonthephone.

9.A)Talkbig.

B)Talkatlength.

C)Gossipalot.

D)Forgetherself.

10.A)Hethoughtitwascool.

B)Heneededthepractice.

C)Hewantedtostayconnectedwiththem.

D)Hehadanurgentmessagetosend.

11.A)Itposesachallengetoseniors.

B)Itsavesbothtimeandmoney.

C)Itischildishandunprofessional.

D)Itiscoolandconvenient

Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

12.A)Hewantstochangehisjobassignment

B)Heisunhappywithhisdepartmentmanager.

C)Hethinkshedeservesextrapayforovertime.

D)Heisoftensingledoutforcriticismbyhisboss.

13.A)Hisworkloadwasmuchtooheavy.

B)Hisimmediatebossdidnottrusthim.

C)Hiscolleaguesoftenrefusedtocooperate.

D)Hissalarywastoolowforhisresponsibility.

14.A)Heneverknowshowtorefuse.

B)Heisalwaysreadytohelpothers.

C)Hisbosshasalotoftrustinhim.

D)Hisbosshasnosenseoffairness.

15.A)Putallhiscomplaintsinwriting.

B)Waitandseewhathappensnext.

C)Learntosaynowhennecessary.

D)Talktohisbossinpersonfirst.

SectionC

Directions:Inthissection；youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeach

passage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestions

v/illbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebest

answerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorresponding

letteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

16.A)Theimportanceofsleeptoahealthylife.

B)ReasonsforAmericans'declineinsleep.

C)Sometipstoimprovethequalityofsleep.

D)Diseasesassociatedwithlackofsleep.

17.A)Theyaremorehealth-conscious.

B)Theyarechangingtheirlivinghabits.

C)Theygetlessandlesssleep.

D)Theyknowthedangersoflackofsleep.

18.A)Theirweightwillgodown.

B)Theirmindfunctionwilldeteriorate.

C)Theirworkefficiencywilldecrease.

D)Theirbloodpressurewillrise.

Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

19.A)Howmuchyoucanaffordtopay.

B)Whatcourseyouaregoingtochoose.

QWhichuniversityyouaregoingtoapplyto.

D)Whenyouaregoingtosubmityourapplication.

20.A)Thelistofcoursesstudied.

B)Thefullrecordofscores.

C)Thereferencesfromteachers.

D)Thepersonalstatement.

21.A)Specifywhattheywouldliketodoaftergraduation.

B)Describeindetailhowmuchtheywouldenjoystudying.

C)Indicatetheyhavereflectedandthoughtaboutthesubject.

D)Emphasizethattheyadmiretheprofessorsintheuniversity.

Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

22.A)Itwasequippedwithrubbertyres.

B)Itwasbuiltinthelate19thcentury.

C)ItwaspurchasedbytheRoyalfamily.

D)ItwasdesignedbyanEnglishengineer.

23.A)Theyconsumedlotsofpetrol.

B)Theytooktwopassengersonly.

C)Theyweredifficulttodrive.

D)Theyoftenbrokedown.

24.A)Theywereproducedontheassemblyline.

B)Theywerebuiltwithlesscostlymaterials.

C)TheyweremodeledafterBritishcars.

D)Theyweremadeforordinaryuse.

25.A)Itmadenewsallovertheworld.

B)ItwasbuiltfortheRoyalfamily.

C)Itmarkedanewerainmotortravel.

D)Itattractedlargenumbersofmotorists.

PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequired

toselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbank

followingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyour

choices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthe

correspondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethrough

thecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Questions26to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard,

Physicalactivitydoesthebodygood,andthere1sgrowingevidencethatit

helpsthebraintoo.ResearchersintheNetherlandsreportthatchildrenwhoget

moreexercise,whetheratschoolorontheirown,26tohavehigherGPAsand

betterscoresonstandardizedtests.Ina27of14studiesthatlookedat

physicalactivityandacademic28rinvestigatorsfoundthatthemorechildren

moved,thebettertheirgradeswereinschool,29inthebasicsubjectsof

math,Englishandreading.

Thedatawillcertainlyfueltheongoingdebateoverwhetherphysical

educationclassesshouldbecutasschoolsstruggleto30onsmallerbudgets.

Theargumentsagainstphysicaleducationhaveincludedconcernsthatgymtime

maybetakingawayfromstudytime.Withstandardizedtestscoresinthe.31

inrecentyears,someadministratorsbelievestudentsneedtospendmoretimein

theclassroominsteadofontheplayground.Butasthesefindingsshow,exercise

andacademicsmaynotbe32exclusive.Physicalactivitycanimproveblood

33tothebrain,fuelingmemory,attentionandcreativity,whichare34to

learning.Andexercisereleaseshormonesthatcanimprove35andrelieve

stress,whichcanalsohelplearning.Sowhileitmayseemasifkidsarejust

exercisingtheirbodieswhenthey1rerunningaround,theymayactuallybe

exercisingtheirbrainsaswell.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答.

A)attendance

B)consequently

C)current

D)depressing

E)dropping

F)essential

G)feasible

H)flow

I)mood

J)mutually

K)particularly

L)performance

M)review

N)survive

O）tend

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatements

attachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.

Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychoosea

paragraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthe

questionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

FindingtheRightHome—andContentment,Too

[A]Whenyourelderlyrelativeneedstoentersomesortoflong-termcare

facility-amomentfewparentsorchildrenapproachwithoutfear-whatyou

wouldlikeistohaveeverythingmadedear,

[B]Doesassistedlivingreallymarkagreatimprovementoveranursinghome,

orhastheindustrysimplyhiredbetterinteriordesigners?Arenursinghomesas

badaspeoplefear,oristhatanout-modedstereotype（固定看法）？Candoingone'

shomeworkreallysteerfamiliestothebestplaces?Itisgenuinelyhardtoknow.

[C]Iamabouttomakethingsmorecomplicatedbysuggestingthatwhatkind

offacilityanolderpersonlivesinmaymatterlessthanwehaveassumed.Andthat

thecharacteristicsadultchildrenlookforwhentheybeginthesearcharenot

necessarilythethingsthatmakeadifferencetothepeoplewhoaregoingtomove

in.Iamnottalkingaboutthequalityofcare；letmehastilyadd.Nobodyflourishes

inagloomyenvironmentwithirresponsiblestaffandapoorsafetyrecord.Butan

accumulatingbodyofresearchindicatesthatsomedistinctionsbetweenonetype

ofeldercareandanotherhavelittlerealbearingonhowwellresidentsdo.

[D]Themostrecentofthesestudies,publishedinThejournalofApplied

Gerontology,surveyed150Connecticutresidentsofassistedliving,nursinghomes

andsmallerresidentialcarehomes(knowninsomestatesasboardandcare

homesoradultcarehomes).ResearchersfromtheUniversityofConnecticut

HealthCenteraskedtheresidentsalargenumberofquestionsabouttheirquality

oflife,emotionalwell-beingandsocialinteraction,aswellasaboutthequalityof

thefacilities.

[E]°Wethoughtwewouldseedifferencesbasedonthehousingtypes/said

theleadauthorofthestudy,JulieRobison,anassociateprofessorofmedicineat

theuniversity.Areasonableassumption—don1tfamiliesstruggletoavoid

nursinghomesandsufferrealguiltiftheycan,t?

[F]Intheinitialresults；assistedlivingresidentsdidpaintthemostpositive

picture.Theywerelesslikelytoreportsymptomsofdepressionthanthoseinthe

otherfacilities；forinstance；andlesslikelytobeboredorlonely.Theyscored

higheronsocialinteraction.

[G]Butwhentheresearcherspluggedinanumberofothervariables,such

differencesdisappeared.Itisnotthehousingtype,theyfound,thatcreates

differencesinresidents1responses,"Itisthecharacteristicsofthespecific

environmenttheyarein,combinedwiththeirownpersonalcharacteristics—how

healthytheyfeeltheyare,theirageandmaritalstatus/Dr.Robisonexplained.

Whetherresidentsfeltinvolvedinthedecisiontomoveandhowlongtheyhad

livedtherealsoprovedsignificant.

[H]Anelderlypersonwhodescribesherselfasinpoorhealth,therefore,might

benolessdepressedinassistedliving(evenifherchildrenpreferredit)thanina

nursinghome.Apersonwhobadinputintowherehewouldmoveandhashad

timetoadapttoitmightdoaswellinanursinghomeasinasmallresidentialcare

home,otherfactorsbeingequal.Itisaninteractionbetweenthepersonandthe

place,notthesortofplaceinitselfthatleadstobetterorworseexperiences.

“Youcan'tjustsay,letsputthispersoninaresidentialcarehomeinsteadof

anursinghome——shewillbemuchbetteroff/Dr.Robisonsaid.Whatmatters,she

added；”isacombinationofwhatpeoplebringinwiththem；andwhattheyfind

there/

[I]Suchfindings,whichruncountertocommonsense,havesurfacedbefore.

Inamulti-statestudyofassistedliving,forinstance,UniversityofNorthCarolina

researchersfoundthatahostofvariables—thefacility'$type,sizeorage;

v/hetherachainownedit;howattractivetheneighborhoodwas-hadno

significantrelationshiptohowtheresidentsfaredintermsof川ness,mental

decline；hospitalizationsormortality.Whatmatteredmostwastheresidents'

physicalhealthandmentalstatus.Whatpeoplewerelikewhentheycameinhad

greaterconsequencethanwhathappenedonetheywerethere.

[J]AsIwasconsideringallthis,apressreleasefromarespectedresearchfirm

crossedmydesk,announcingthatthefive-starratingsystemthatMedicare

developedin2008tohelpfamiliescomparenursinghomequalityalsohaslittle

relationshiptohowsatisfieditsresidentsortheirfamilymembersare.Asamatter

offact,consumersexpressedhighersatisfactionwiththeone-starfacilities,the

lowestrated,thanwiththefive-starones.(Moreonthisstudyandthestarratings

v/illappearinasubsequentpost,)

[K]Beforewecollectivelytearourhairout—howarewesupposedtofindour

v/ayinalandscapethisconfusing?—hereisathoughtfromDr.PhilipSloane,a

geriatrician(老年病学专家)attheUniversityofNorthCarolina:"Inaway,thatcould

beliberatingforfamilies/

[L]Ofcourse,sonsanddaughterswanttovisitthefacilities,talktothe

administratorsandresidentsandotherfamilies,anddoeverythingpossibleto

fulfilltheirduties.Butperhapstheydon'thavetoturnthemselvesintoprivate

investigatorsorCongressionalsubcommittees."Familiescanlookabitmorefor

v/heretheresidentsaregoingtobehappy"Dr.Sloanesaid.Andinvolvingthe

futureresidentintheprocesscanbeveryimportant.

[M]Weallhaveourownideasaboutwhatwouldbringourparentshappiness.

Theyhavetheirideas,too.Afriendrecentlytookhermothertovisitanexpensive

assistedliving/nursinghomenearmytown.Ihaveseenthisplace—itiselegant,

insideandout.Butnobodygreetedthedaughterandmotherwhentheyarrived,

thoughthevisithadbeenplanned;nobodyintroducedthemtotheotherresidents.

Whentheyhadlunchinthediningroom,theysataloneatatable.

[N]Thedaughterfearedhermotherwouldbeignoredthere,andsoshe

decidedtomoveherintoamorewelcomingfacility.Basedonwhatisemerging

fromsomeofthisresearch,thatmighthavebeenasrationalawayasanytoreach

adecision.

36.Manypeoplefeelguiltywhentheycannotfindaplaceotherthana

nursinghomefortheirparents.

ithelpsforchildrentoinvestigatecarefacilities,involvingtheirparentsinthe

decision-makingprocessmayproveveryimportant.

isreallydifficulttotellifassistedlivingisbetterthananursinghome.

aresidentfeelsdependsonaninteractionbetweenthemselvesandthecare

facilitytheylivein.

authorthinksherfriendmadearationaldecisioninchoosingamore

hospitableplaceoveranapparentlyelegantassistedlivinghome.

systemMedicaredevelopedtoratenursinghomequalityisoflittlehelpto

findingasatisfactoryplace.

firsttheresearchersofthemostrecentstudyfoundresidentsinassistedliving

facilitiesgavehigherscoresonsocialinteraction.

kindofcarefacilityoldpeopleliveinmaybelessimportantthanwethink.

findingsofthelatestresearchweresimilartoanearliermulti-statestudyof

assistedliving.

residentssatisfactionwithacarefacilityhasmuchtodowithwhetherthey

hadparticipatedinthedecisiontomoveinandhowlongtheyhadstayedthere.

SectionC

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedby

somequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoices

markedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthe

correspondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Passageone

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

AsArtificialIntelligence(AI)becomesincreasinglysophisticated,thereare

growingconcernsthatrobotscouldbecomeathreat.Thisdangercanbeavoided,

accordingtocomputerscienceprofessorStuartRussell,ifVi/efigureouthowto

turnhumanvaluesintoaprogrammablecode.

Russellarguesthatasrobotstakeonmorecomplicatedtasks；it1snecessary

totranslateourmoralsintoAIlanguage.

Forexample；ifarobotdoeschoresaroundthehouse,youwouldn"twantit

toputthepetcatintheoventomakedinnerforthehungrychildren."Youwould

v/antthatrobotpreloadedwithagoodsetofvalues/saidRussell.

Somerobotsarealreadyprogrammedwithbasichumanvalues,Forexample,

mobilerobotshavebeenprogrammedtokeepacomfortabledistancefrom

humans.Obviouslythereareculturaldifferences,butifyouweretalkingtoanother

personandtheycameupcloseinyourpersonalspace,youwouldn1tthink

thatsthekindofthingaproperlybrought-uppersonwoulddo.

Itwillbepossibletocreatemoresophisticatedmoralmachines,ifonlywecan

findawaytosetouthumanvaluesasclearrules.

Robotscouldalsolearnvaluesfromdrawingpatternsfromlargesetsofdata

onhumanbehavior.Theyaredangerousonlyifprogrammersarecareless.

Thebiggestconcernwithrobotsgoingagainsthumanvaluesisthathuman

beingsfailtososufficienttestingandthey'veproducedasystemthatwillbreak

somekindoftaboo（禁忌）.

Onesimplecheckwouldbetoprogramarobottocheckthecorrectcourseof

actionwithahumanwhenpresentedwithanunusualsituation.

Iftherobotisunsurewhetherananimalissuitableforthemicrowave,ithas

theopportunitytostop,sendoutbeeps（嘟嘟声），andaskfordirectionsfroma

human.Ifwehumansaren1tquitesureaboutadecision,wegoandasksomebody

else.

Themostdifficultstepinprogrammingvalueswillbedecidingexactlywhat

webelieveinmoral,andhowtocreateasetofethicalrules.Butifwecomeupwith

ananswer,robotscouldbegoodforhumanity.

doestheauthorsayaboutthethreatofrobots?

A)Itmayconstituteachallengetocomputerprogranmers.

B)Itaccompaniesallmachineryinvolvinghightechnology.

C)Itcanbeavoidedifhumanvaluesaretranslatedintotheirlanguage.

D)Ithasbecomeaninevitableperilastechnologygetsmoresophisticated.

wouldwethinkofapersonwhoinvadesourpersonalspaceaccordingtothe

author?

A)Theyareaggressive.

B)Theyareoutgoing.

C)Theyareignorant.

D)Theyareill-bred.

dorobotslearnhumanvalues?

A)Byinteractingwithhumansineverydaylifesituations.

B)Byfollowingthedailyroutinesofcivilizedhumanbeings.

C)Bypickinguppatternsfrommassivedataonhumanbehavior.

D)Byimitatingthebehaviorofpropertybrought-uphumanbeings.

willawell-programmedrobotdowhenfacinganunusualsituation?

A)keepadistancefrompossibledangers.

B)Stoptoseekadvicefromahumanbeing.

QTriggeritsbuilt-inalarmsystematonce.

D)Dosufficienttestingbeforetakingaction.

ismostdifficulttodowhenweturnhumanvaluesintoaprogrammablecode?

A)Determinewhatismoralandethical.

B）Designsomelarge-scaleexperiments.

C）Setrulesforman-machineinteraction.

D）Developamoresophisticatedprogram.

PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Whydosomepeoplelivetobeolderthanothers?Youknowthestandard

explanations:keepingamoderatediet,engaginginregularexercise,etc.Butwhat

effectdoesyourpersonalityhaveonyourlongevity（长寿）?Dosomekindsof

personalitiesleadtolongerlives?AnewstudyintheJournaloftheAmerican

GeriatricsSocietylookedatthisquestionbyexaminingthepersonality

characteristicsof246childrenofpeoplewhohadlivedtobeatleast100.

Thestudyshowsthatthoselivingthelongestaremoreoutgoing,moreactive

andlessneurotic（神经质的）thanotherpeople,Long-livingwomenarealsomore

likelytobesympatheticandcooperativethanwomenwithanormallifespan.

Thesefindingsareinagreementwithwhatyouwouldexpectfromthe

evolutionarytheory:thosewholiketomakefriendsandhelpotherscangather

enoughresourcestomakeitthroughtoughtimes.

Interestingly,however;othercharacteristicsthatyoumightconsider

advantageoushadnoimpactonwhetherstudyparticipantswerelikelytolive

longer.Thosewhoweremoreself-disciplined,forinstance,werenomorelikelyto

livetobeveryold.Also,beingopentonewideashadnorelationshiptolonglife,

v/hichmightexplainallthosebad-temperedoldpeoplewhoarefixedintheir

v/ays.

Whetheryoucansuccessfullychangeyourpersonalityasanadultisthe

subjectofalongstandingpsychologicaldebate.Butthenewpapersuggeststhatif

youwantlonglife；youshouldstrivetobeasoutgoingaspossible.

Unfortunately,anotherrecentstudyshowsthatyourmother1spersonality

mayalsohelpdetermineyourlongevity.Thatstudylookedatnearly28,000

Norwegianmothersandfoundthatthosemomswhoweremoreanxious,

depressedandangryweremorelikelytofeedtheirkidsunhealthydiets.Patterns

ofchildhoodeatingcanbehardtobreakwhenwe'readults,whichmaymean

tha