英语词汇学应用语境练习题集

英语词汇学应用语境练习题集姓名_________________________地址_______________________________学号______________________-------------------------------密-------------------------封----------------------------线--------------------------1.请首先在试卷的标封处填写您的姓名，身份证号和地址名称。2.请仔细阅读各种题目，在规定的位置填写您的答案。一、MultipleChoiceQuestions1.Thestudyofwordsandtheirmeaningsisknownas:

a.Grammar

b.Morphology

c.Lexicology

d.Syntax

2.Awordthatcantaketheplaceofanotherwordinasentenceiscalleda:

a.Synonym

b.Antonym

c.Homonym

d.Derivative

3.Theprefix'un'isoftenusedtoform:

a.Negativeadjectives

b.Positiveadjectives

c.Negativeverbs

d.Positiveverbs

4.Thesuffix'ness'istypicallyaddedto:

a.Nouns

b.Verbs

c.Adjectives

d.Adverbs

5.Theword'disappear'containstheprefix:

a.De

b.Un

c.In

d.Re

6.Theprocessofformingnewwordsaddingprefixesorsuffixesiscalled:

a.Inflection

b.Derivation

c.Compounding

d.Conjugation

7.Awordthatisformedbiningtwoormorewordsiscalleda:

a.Hyphenation

b.Collocation

c.Compoundword

d.Affixation

8.Thestudyofthehistoryofwordsisknownas:

a.Etymology

b.Lexicography

c.Morphology

d.Syntax

答案及解题思路：

1.答案：c.Lexicology

解题思路：Lexicology（词汇学）是研究词汇及其意义、用法、起源和发展的学科，与题目描述相符。

2.答案：a.Synonym

解题思路：Synonym（同义词）指在意义上相同或相近的词，可以替换原词在句子中而不改变句子意义。

3.答案：a.Negativeadjectives

解题思路：Prefix'un'通常用来形成否定形容词，如'unhappy'（不快乐的）。

4.答案：c.Adjectives

解题思路：Suffix'ness'通常添加到形容词后，形成抽象名词，如'happiness'（幸福）。

5.答案：a.De

解题思路：Prefix'de'在'disappear'（消失）中，表示变化或相反的意义。

6.答案：b.Derivation

解题思路：Derivation（派生）是通过添加前缀或后缀来形成新词的过程。

7.答案：c.Compoundword

解题思路：Compoundword（复合词）是由两个或更多词组合而成的新词。

8.答案：a.Etymology

解题思路：Etymology（词源学）是研究词的历史和起源的学科。二、FillintheBlanks1.Theprefix'un'isoftenusedtoformnegativeadjectives.

解题思路：Theprefix'un'ismonlyusedtonegateorreversethemeaningofanadjective.Forexample,'unhappy'istheoppositeof'happy'.

2.Thesuffix'ness'istypicallyaddedtoadjectives.

解题思路：Thesuffix'ness'isusedtoformnounsfromadjectives,typicallyindicatingastateorquality.Forexample,'happiness'esfromtheadjective'happy'.

3.Theprocessofformingnewwordsaddingprefixesorsuffixesiscalledderivation.

解题思路：Derivationisalinguisticprocesswherenewwordsarecreatedfromexistingwordsaddingprefixesorsuffixes.Thisisafundamentalaspectofvocabularydevelopment.

4.Theword'disappear'containstheprefixdis.

解题思路：Theprefix'dis'isoftenusedtoindicatereversalornegation.In'disappear',itsuggeststheoppositeof'appear',whichistoeintosight.

5.Thestudyofthehistoryofwordsisknownasetymology.

解题思路：Etymologyisthebranchoflinguisticsthatdealswiththeoriginandhistoryofwordsandtheirmeanings.Ithelpstounderstandhowwordshaveevolvedovertime.三、TrueorFalse1.Lexicologyisthestudyofwordsandtheirmeanings.

True

解题思路：Lexicology（词汇学）确实是研究词汇及其意义的学科。

2.Awordthatcantaketheplaceofanotherwordinasentenceiscalledasynonym.

True

解题思路：Synonym（同义词）确实是指可以替换句子中另一个词的词。

3.Theprefix'un'isoftenusedtoformpositiveadjectives.

False

解题思路：Prefix'un'（前缀“un”）通常用于形成否定形容词，而不是肯定形容词。

4.Thesuffix'ness'istypicallyaddedtoadjectives.

False

解题思路：Suffix'ness'（后缀“ness”）通常添加到名词上，形成抽象名词，而不是形容词。

5.Thestudyofthehistoryofwordsisknownasmorphology.

False

解题思路：Thestudyofthehistoryofwords（研究词的历史）被称为Etymology（词源学），而Morphology（形态学）是研究单词的结构和形态变化的学科。四、MatchtheFollowing1.Prefix

a.__________

b.__________

c.__________

d.__________

e.__________

2.Suffix

a.__________

b.__________

c.__________

d.__________

e.__________

3.Derivation

a.__________

b.__________

c.__________

d.__________

e.__________

4.Compoundword

a.__________

b.__________

c.__________

d.__________

e.__________

5.Etymology

a.__________

b.__________

c.__________

d.__________

e.__________

答案及解题思路：

1.Prefix

a.UnTheprefix"un"isusedtoformwordsthathavetheoppositemeaningofthebaseword.Example:"unhappy"(oppositeof"happy").

b.nessThisisasuffixthatoftenturnsadjectivesintonouns,indicatingastateorquality.Example:"happiness"(from"happy").

c.AffixationThistermreferstotheprocessofaddingaffixes(prefixesorsuffixes)toawordstemtoformnewwords.Example:"unhappy"isformedaffixation.

d.DerivativeAderivativeisawordthatisderivedfromanotherword,oftenaddingaprefixorsuffix.Example:"unhappy"isaderivativeof"happy".

e.MorphologyMorphologyisthestudyofwordstructureandtheformationofwords.Itincludesthestudyofprefixes,suffixes,andpoundwords.

2.Suffix

a.ness(Answerfromquestion1)

b.fulThissuffixisusedtoformadjectivesthatdescribesomethingfulloforcharacterizedthequalityofthenounitisattachedto.Example:"useful".

c.lyThissuffixisoftenusedtoformadjectivesthatdescribemannerordegree.Example:"quickly".

d.ousThissuffixisusedtoformadjectivesthatdescribesomethingfulloforcharacterizedthequalityofthenounitisattachedto.Example:"noisy".

e.mentThissuffixisusedtoformnounsfromverbs,oftenindicatingtheresultoractionoftheverb.Example:"development".

3.Derivation

a.Derivative(Answerfromquestion1)

b.ConversionThisisaprocesswhereawordchangesitspartofspeechwithouttheadditionofaffixes.Example:"torun"(verb)bees"runner"(noun).

c.BlendingThisisaprocesswheretwowordsarebinedtoformanewword.Example:"smog"(smokefog).

d.BackformationThisisaprocesswhereanewwordiscreatedremovinganaffixfromanexistingword.Example:"editor"(from"editorial").

e.CoinageThisistheprocessofcreatinganewword,oftenforanewconceptorobject.Example:"cyberpunk".

4.Compoundword

a.CompoundwordThistermreferstoawordformedbiningtwoormorewords.Example:"blackboard".

b.ment(Answerfromquestion2)

c.ful(Answerfromquestion2)

d.ly(Answerfromquestion2)

e.ous(Answerfromquestion2)

5.Etymology

a.EtymologyThistermreferstothestudyoftheoriginandhistoryofwords.Example:Theword"etymology"esfromtheGreekwords"etymon"(truesense)and"logia"(study).

b.ment(Answerfromquestion2)

c.ful(Answerfromquestion2)

d.ly(Answerfromquestion2)

e.ous(Answerfromquestion2)

解题思路：

Foreachterm,identifythecorrectmatchingtermfromtheprovidedlist.

Usethedefinitionsandexamplestodeterminethecorrectmatch.

EnsurethatthetermsarecorrectlymatchedaccordingtotheirdefinitionsandfunctionsintheEnglishlanguage.五、ClozeTest1.Thestudyofwordsandtheirmeaningsisknownas______.

A.Lexicology

B.Grammar

C.Syntax

D.Semantics

2.Itinvolves______,______,and______.

A.Morphology

B.Phonetics

C.Syntax

D.Semantics

3.______istheprocessofformingnewwordsaddingprefixesorsuffixes.

A.Derivation

B.Conjugation

C.Inflection

D.Conversion

4.______isthestudyofthehistoryofwords.

A.Etymology

B.Lexicography

C.Morphology

D.Syntax

答案及解题思路：

1.答案：A.Lexicology

解题思路：根据题目描述，研究词汇及其意义的是词汇学（Lexicology），因此选A。

2.答案：A.Morphology,C.Syntax,D.Semantics

解题思路：词汇学涉及形态学（Morphology）、句法学（Syntax）和语义学（Semantics），分别研究词汇、句子结构和词汇意义，因此选A、C、D。

3.答案：A.Derivation

解题思路：通过添加前缀或后缀形成新词的过程称为派生（Derivation），因此选A。

4.答案：A.Etymology

解题思路：研究词汇历史的是词源学（Etymology），因此选A。六、SentenceCompletion1.Theprefix'un'isoftenusedtoformnegativeadjectives.

2.Thesuffix'ness'istypicallyaddedtonouns.

3.Theprocessofformingnewwordsaddingprefixesorsuffixesiscalledwordformation.

4.Theword'disappear'containstheprefixdis.

5.Thestudyofthehistoryofwordsisknownasetymology.

答案及解题思路：

答案：

1.negative

2.nouns

3.wordformation

4.dis

5.etymology

解题思路：

1.Theprefix'un'isusedtonegateorreversethemeaningofaword.Therefore,ittypicallyformsnegativeadjectives.

2.Thesuffix'ness'isusedtocreateabstractnounsfromadjectives,whichiswhyitistypicallyaddedtonouns.

3.Wordformationreferstotheprocessofcreatingnewwordsaddingprefixesorsuffixes,whichisafundamentalconceptinlexicology.

4.Theprefix'dis'in'disappear'indicatesareversalornegation,whichisamonuseofthisprefix.

5.Etymologyisthestudyoftheoriginsandhistoryofwords,whichisakeyareaofstudywithinthefieldoflexicology.七、EssayQuestions1.Discusstheimportanceofstudyinglexicologyinlanguagelearning.

Lexicologyisacriticalponentoflanguagelearningasitprovidesinsightsintothestructure,meaning,andusageofwords.Herearesomekeypointstoconsider:

UnderstandingWordRelationships:Lexicologyhelpslearnersunderstandtherelationshipsbetweenwords,suchassynonyms,antonyms,homonyms,andhyponyms,whichaidsinexpandingvocabulary.

WordFormation:Bystudyinglexicology,learnerscanlearnaboutwordformationprocesses,includingderivation,inflection,andpounding,whichareessentialforcreatingandunderstandingnewwords.

CulturalandHistoricalContext:Lexicologyprovidesinformationabouttheetymologyofwords,sheddinglightontheirculturalandhistoricalorigins,whichisimportantforprehendingthenuancesoflanguage.

EffectiveCommunication:Knowledgeoflexicologyenhancesmunicationskillshelpinglearnerschoosethemostappropriatewordsinvariouscontexts.

2.Explainthedifferencebetweenderivationandinflection.

Derivationandinflectionaretwofundamentalmethodsofwordformation:

Derivation:Thisinvolvescreatingnewwordsfromexistingonesaddingprefixesorsuffixes.Forexample,"un"isaprefixthatturns"happy"into"unhappy."

Inflection:Thisinvolveschangingtheformofawordtoexpressadifferentgrammaticalcategory,suchastense,number,orcase.Forexample,"walk"bees"walked"inthepasttense.

Thekeydifferenceliesinthepurpose:derivationcreatesnewwordswithdifferentmeanings,whileinflectionretainsthesamewordbutmodifiesitsformtoexpressdifferentgrammaticalfunctions.

3.Describetheroleofprefixesandsuffixesinformingnewwords.

Prefixesandsuffixesplayacrucialroleinwordformation:

Prefixes:Theseareaddedtothebeginningofawordtomodifyitsmeaning.Forexample,"un"canchange"likely"to"unlikely,"indicatinganegation.

Suffixes:Theseareaddedtotheendofawordtochangeitsmeaningorgrammaticalfunction.Forexample,"ness"addedto"happy"creates"happiness,"indicatingastate.

Bothprefixesandsuffixescontributetotheexpansionofvocabularyandtheabilitytoexpressawiderangeofconceptsandideas.

4.Discussthesignificanceofetymologyinunderstandingthemeaningsofwords.

Etymology,thestudyofwordorigins,issignificantforseveralreasons:

CluestoMeaning:Understandingtherootsandhistoricalcontextofawordcanoftenclarifyitsmeaning.Forexample,knowingthat"sociable"esfrom"socius,"meaning"panion,"canhelpunderstanditsmeaningas"eagertoassociatewithothers."

EvolutionofLanguage:Etymologyshowshowlanguageschangeovertime,providinginsightsintotheculturalandhistoricaldevelopmentsthatshapeourlanguage.

PredictingMeanings:Byrecognizingwordpartsandtheiretymologicalroots,learnerscanmakeeducatedguessesaboutthemeaningsofnewwordstheyencounter.

5.Compareandcontrasttheprocessesofpoundingandderivation.

Compoundingandderivationarebothmethodsofwordformation,buttheydifferintheirapproach:

Compounding:Thisinvolvesbiningtwoormorewordstocreateanewwordwithabinedmeaning.Forexample,"silkroad"isapoundnounmeaningtheancienttraderoute.

Derivation:Asmentionedearlier,thisinvolvesaddingprefixesorsuffixestoexistingwordstocreatenewwordswithdiffer