工程量计算及工程计价EngineeringQuantity

《工程量计算及工程计价》EngineeringQuantityCalculationandEngineeringValuation专业技能概述OverviewofProfessionalSkills1.工程量计算1.Quantitycalculation(1)建筑面积计算 (1)Calculationofbuildingarea建筑面积的计算是工程计量的最基础工作，它在工程建设中起着非常重要的作用。2005年建设部以国家标准的形式发布了《建筑工程建筑面积计算规范》，作为建筑面积计算的基础。Thecalculationofbuildingareaisthemostbasicworkofengineeringmeasurement.Itplaysaveryimportantroleinengineeringconstruction.In2005,theMinistryofConstructionissuedTheCodefortheCalculationofBuildingAreaofConstructionProjectsintheformofnationalstandardsasthebasisforthecalculationofbuildingarea.(2)建筑工程工程量计算 (2)Calculationofquantitiesofconstructionworks建筑工程工程量主要依据建筑工程计量规则进行计算。将建筑工程分成土石方工程值增桩与地基基础工程，砌筑工程，混凝土与钢筋混凝土工程，厂库房大门、特种门、木结构工程，屋面与防水工程，防腐、隔热、保温工程，施工技术措施项目等，制订其定额工程量计算规则，作为建筑工程工程量的计算基础。Thequantitiesofconstructionworks

aremainlycalculatedaccordingtothemeasurementrulesofconstructionworks.Constructionworksareclassifiedintoworksofearthworkvalue-addedpileandfoundation,masonryworks,concreteandreinforcedconcreteworks,worksoffactorywarehousegate,specialdoorandtimberstructure,anti-corrosion,heatinsulationandthermalinsulationworks,constructiontechnicalmeasures,etc.Thecalculationrulesofquotaquantitiesareformulatedasthecalculationbasisofconstructionquantities.2.工程量清单计价2.Valuationwithbillofquantity工程量清单计价方法是建设工程在招标投标中，招标人按照国家统一的工程量计算规则提供工程数量，并作为招标文件的一部分提供给投标人，由投标人依据工程量清单自主报价，并按照经评审合理低价中标的工程造价计价方式。工程量清单计价的费用由分部分项工程费、措施项目费、其他项目费、规费和税金组成。Valuationwithbillofquantity

referstotheprojectcostpricingmethodinwhichthetendereeprovidestheprojectquantityinaccordancewiththenationalunifiedcalculationrulesofquantitiesandprovidesittothebidderasapartofthebiddingdocument.Thebidderwillquoteindependentlyaccordingtothebillofquantitiesandwinthebidatareasonablelowpriceafterreview.Thecostofvaluationwithbillquantityconsistsofcostofbranchsub-itemprojects,measurestoprojectcost,costofotheritems,feesandtaxes.工程量清单计价的计算方法:招标方给出工程量清单，投标人根据工程量清单组合分部分项工程综合单价，并计算出分部分项工程费、措施项目费、其他项目费、规费和税金，最后汇总计算工程总造价。其基本的数学模型:Calculationmethodofvaluationwithbillofquantity:thebidinvitergivesthebillofquantities,andthebiddercombinesthecomprehensiveunitpriceofdivisionalandsubdivisionalworksaccordingtothebillofquantities,calculatescostofbranchsub-itemprojects,measurestoprojectcost,costofotheritems,feesandtaxes,andfinallysummarizesandcalculatesthetotalprojectcost.Thebasicmathematicalmodelisasfollows:建筑工程造价=[∑(工程量x综合单价)+措施项目费+其他项目费规费]x(1+税金率)the

cost

of

construction

project=[∑(quantity×comprehensiveunitprice)+measurestoprojectcost+otherfees]×(1+taxrate)(1)工程量清单计价费用组成(1)Costcompositionofvaluationwithbillofquantity1)分部分项工程量清单费用1)Costofbranchsub-itembillofquantity分部分项工程量清单费用采用综合单价计价，它综合了完成工程量清单中一个规定的总计量单位项目所需的人工费、材料费、施工机械使用费、管理费和利润，并考虑了风险因素。应按设计文件或参照《工程量清单计价规范》附录的工程内容确定。Thecostofbranchsub-itembillofquantityispricedbythecomprehensiveunitprice,whichintegratesthelaborcost,materialcost,usecostofconstructionmachinery,managementcostandprofitrequiredtocompleteaspecifiedtotalunitofmeasurementiteminthebillofquantities,andtakesintoaccounttheriskfactors.ItshallbecalculatedaccordingtothedesigndocumentsortheprojectcontentsintheappendixofTheCodeforValuationwithBillQuantities.2)措施项目费用2)Measurestoprojectcost措施项目费是指施工企业为完成工程项目施工，应发生于该工程施工前和施工过程中生产、生活、安全等方面的非工程实体费用。措施项目费用包括施工技术措施项目费用和施工组织措施项目费用。施工技术措施项目如措施项目费中的混凝土、钢筋混凝土模板或支架、脚手架、混凝土泵送增加费、垂直运输和施工排水、降水等措施项目等;施工组织措施项目如环境保护、文明施工、安全施工二次搬运、工程点交与清理等。措施项目费用结算需要调整的，必须在招标文件或合同中明确。Measurestoprojectcostreferstothenonengineeringentitycostrelatedtoproduction,lifeandsafetybeforeandduringtheconstructionoftheproject.Itincludestheprojectcostofconstructiontechnicalmeasuresandtheprojectcostofconstructionorganizationmeasures.Theitemsofconstructiontechnicalmeasuresincludeconcrete,reinforcedconcreteformworkorsupport,scaffold,additionalcostofconcretepumping,verticaltransportation,constructiondrainage,precipitationandothermeasures.Constructionorganizationmeasuresincludeenvironmentalprotection,civilizedconstruction,safeconstruction,secondaryhandling,projectsupervisionandcleaning,etc.Ifthecostsettlementofthemeasuresneedstobeadjusted,itmustbespecifiedinthebiddingdocumentorcontract.3)其他项目费用3)Costofotheritems其他项目费包括招标人部分和投标人部分。Costofotheritemsincludesthecostsofthetendereeandthetenderer.①招标人部分包括预留金和材料购置费(仅指招标人购置的材料费)等;Thetenderee'scostsincludereservefundandmaterialpurchasecost(onlyreferstothematerialcostpurchasedbythetenderee),etc.②投标人部分包括总承包服务费和零星工作项目费等。Thebidder'scostsincludegeneralcontractingservicefeeandsporadicworkitemsfee,etc.预留金、材料购置费均为估算、预测数，虽在工程投标时计人投标人的报价中，但不为投标人所有。工程结算时，应按承包人实际完成的工作量计算，剩余部分仍归招标人所有。Thereservefundandmaterialpurchasecostareestimatedandpredicted.Althoughtheyareincludedinthebidder'squotationduringprojectbidding,theyarenotownedbythebidder.Duringprojectsettlement,itshallbecalculatedaccordingtotheworkloadactuallycompletedbythecontractor,andtheremainingpartshallstillbeownedbythetenderee.零星工作项目费由招标人根据拟建工程的具体情况，列出人工、材料、机械的名称、计算单位和相应数量。工程招标时工程量由招标人估算后提出。工程结算时，工程量按承包人实际完成的工作量计算，单价按承包中标时的报价不变。Thesporadicworkitemsfeerefersthatthetendereeshalllistthenames,calculationunitsandcorrespondingquantitiesoflabor,materialsandmachineryaccordingtothespecificconditionsoftheproposedproject.Duringprojectbidding,thequantitiesshallbeproposedafterbeingestimatedbythetenderee.Duringprojectsettlement,thequantitiesshallbecalculatedaccordingtotheworkloadactuallycompletedbythecontractor,andtheunitpriceshallremainunchangedaccordingtothequotationwhenthecontractorwinsthebid.4)规费Fees规费是指政府和有关权力部门规定必须缴纳的费用(简称规费)。内容包括:工程排污费、噪声干扰费、工程定额测定费、社会保障费、住房公积金、危险作业意外伤害保险等。Feesrefertothefeesthatmustbepaidasstipulatedbythegovernmentandrelevantauthorities.Thecontentsinclude:pollutiondischargefee,noiseinterferencefee,projectquotameasurementfee,socialsecurityfee,housingaccumulationfund,accidentalinjuryinsurancefordangerousoperations,etc.5)税金Taxes税金是指国家税法规定的应计入建筑工程造价内的营业税、城市维护建设税及教育费附加等各种税金。Taxesrefertothebusinesstax,urbanmaintenanceandconstructiontax,educationsurtaxandothertaxesthatshouldbeincludedintheconstructioncostaccordingtothenationaltaxlaw.(2)综合单价的编制(2)Compilationofcomprehensiveunitprice综合单价是指完成工程量清单中一个规定计量单位项目所需的人工费、材料费、机械使用费、管理费和利润，并考虑风险因素。Comprehensiveunitpricereferstothelaborcost,materialcost,machineryusecost,managementcostandprofitrequiredtocompleteaspecifiedunitofmeasurementiteminthebillofquantities,andriskfactorsshallbeconsidered.分部分项工程费由分项工程量清单乘以综合单价汇总而成。综合单价的组合方法包括以下几种:直接套用定额组价、重新计算工程量组价、复合组价。Thecostofbranchsub-itemprojectsissummarizedbymultiplyingsub-engineeringquantitylistbythecomprehensiveunitprice.Thecombinationmethodsofcomprehensiveunitpriceincludethefollowing:directlyapplythequotagroupprice,recalculatethequantitygrouppriceandcompoundgroupprice.(3)单项费用的确定(3)Determinationofparticularcharge进行投标报价时，施工方在业主提供的工程量计算结果的基础上，根据企业自身所掌握的各种信息、资料，结合企业定额编制得出工程报价。其计算过程如下:Duringbiddingquotation,theconstructionpartyshallpreparetheprojectquotationbasedonthecalculationresultsofquantitiesprovidedbytheowner,accordingtovariousinformationanddatamasteredbytheenterpriseitself,andincombinationwiththeenterprisequota.Thecalculationprocessisasfollows:1)分部分项工程费的确定:1)Determinationofthecostofbranchsub-itemprojects分部分项工程费=∑分部分项工程量×分部分项工程综合单价thecostofbranchsub-itemprojects=∑branchsub-itemquantity×comprehensiveunitpriceofbranchsub-itemprojects2)措施项目费的确定:2)Determinationofmeasurestoprojectcost:措施项目费应根据拟建工程的施工方案或施工组织设计，参照规范规定的费用组成来确定。措施项目费用组成一般包括完成该措施项目的人工费、材料费、机械费、管理费、利润及一定的风险。措施项目费的计算有以下几种方法:Themeasurestoprojectcostshallbedeterminedaccordingtotheconstructionschemeorconstructionorganizationdesignoftheproposedprojectandwithreferencetotheregulations.Itgenerallyincludeslaborcost,materialcost,machinerycost,managementcost,profitandcertainrisksforcompletingthemeasureproject.Thereareseveralmethodsforcalculatingit:定额计价:措施项目费=∑措施项目工程量x措施项目综合单价。Quotapricing:measurestoprojectcost=∑measuresquantityxcomprehensiveunitpriceofthemeasures.按费率系数计价:措施项目费=∑(分部分项工程直接费+施工技术措施项目费)X费率。Pricingbyratecoefficient:measurestoprojectcost=∑(directcostofbranchsub-itemprojects+constructiontechnicalmeasurestoprojectcost)×rate.施工经验计价:按其现有的施工经验和管理水平，来预测将来发生的每项费用的合计数、其中需考虑市场的涨浮因素及其他的社会环境影响因素，进而测算出本工程具有市场竞争力的项目措施费。Valuationofconstructionexperience:predictthetotalamountofeachcostinthefutureaccordingtoexistingconstructionexperienceandmanagementlevel,marketfluctuationfactorsandothersocialfactorsshouldbetakenintoaccount,andthencalculatecomptitivemeasurestoprojectcost

inthemarket.分包法计价:是投机在分包工程价格的基础上考虑增加相应的管理费、利润以及风险因素的计价方法。Pricingbysubcontract:itisapricingmethodthatconsidersincreasingthecorrespondingmanagementfee,profitandriskfactorsonthebasisofthepriceofsubcontractedprojects.3)计算其他项目费、规费与税金。其他项目费是指预留金、材料购置费(仅指由招标人购置的材料费)、总承包服务费、零星工作项目费等估算金额的总和。包括:人工费、材料费、机械使用费、管理费、利润以及风险费。按业主的招标文件的要求计算。3)Calculationofotherprojectcosts,feesandtaxes.Otherprojectcostsrefertothesumofestimatedamountssuchasreservefund,materialpurchasecost(onlyreferstothematerialcostpurchasedbythetenderee),generalcontractingservicecostandsporadicworkprojectcost.Including:laborcost,materialcost,machineryusecost,managementcost,profitandriskcost.其他项目清单中的预留金、材料购置费和零星公产项目费，均为估算、预测数量，虽在投标时计人投标人的报价中，但不应视为投标人所有。预留金主要是考虑可能发生的工程量变更而预留的金额。总承包服务费包括配合协调招标人工程分包和材料采购所需的费用。Thereservefunds,materialpurchasecostsandsporadicpublicpropertyprojectcostsinthelistofotherprojectsareestimatedandpredictedquantities,whichareincludedinthebidder’squotedpriceatthetimeofbidding,butshallnotbedeemedtobeownedbythebidder.Thereservefundismainlytheamountreservedinconsiderationofpossiblechangesinprojectquantity.Thegeneralcontractingservicecostincludestheexpensesrequiredtocooperateandcoordinatetheprojectsubcontractingandmaterialpurchaseofthetenderee.规费与税金一般按国家及地方部门规定的取费文件的要求计算。计算公式为:规费一计算基数x规费费率(%)Feesandtaxesaregenerallycalculatedaccordingtotherequirementsofthefeecollectiondocumentsstipulatedbythenationalandlocaldepartments.Thecalculationformulais:fees—cardinalnumber×feesrate(%)税金(分部分项工程量单计价+措施项目清单计价+其他项目清单计价+规费)X综合税率(%)Taxes(priceofbillofquantitiesofbranchsub-itemprojects+priceofbillofmeasuresofmeasurestoproject+priceofbillofotheritems+fees)×compositetaxrate(%)4)计算单位工程报价:单位工程报价分部分项工程费+措施项目费+其他项目费+规费+税金。4)Calculationofunitprojectquotedprice:

unitprojectquotedpriceofbranchsub-itemprojectscost+measurestoprojectcost+costofotheritems+fees+taxes.5)计算单项工程报价:单项工程报价单位工程报价5)Calculationofsingleprojectquotedprice:quotationofsingleprojectquotationofunitproject6)计算建设项目总报价:建设项目总报价=单项工程报价6)Calculationthetotalquotedpriceofconstructionproject:totalquotedpriceofconstructionproject=quotedpriceofsingleproject工程量清单计价的计价程序表14-1

Pricingprocedureofbillofquantities14-1工程量清单计价的各项费用的计算办法及计价程序见表14-1。Seetable14-1forthecalculationmethodandpricingprocedureofebillofquantities.序号No.名称Name计算办法Calculationmethod1分部分项工程费Costofbranchsub-itemprojects

∑（清单工程量*综合单价）Σ(billofquantities*comprehensiveunitprice)2措施项目费Measurestoprojectcost按规定计算（包括利润）Calculatedasrequired(includingprofit)3其他项目费Costofotheritems按招标文件规定计算Calculatedaccordingtotheprovisionsofthebiddingdocuments4规费Fees（1+2+3）*费率(1+2+3)*rate5不含税工程造价Projectcostexcludingtax1+2+3+46税金Taxes5*税率，税率按税务部门的规定计算5*taxrate,whichiscalculatedaccordingtotheprovisionsofthetaxdepartment7含税工程造价Projectcostincludingtax5+63.工程结算3.Projectsettlement工程价款结算是指承包商在工程实施过程中，依据承包合同关于付款条款的规定和已经完成的工程量，按照规定的程序向建设单位收取工程价款的一项经济活动。Projectsettlementreferstoaneconomicactivityinwhichthecontractorcollectstheprojectpricefromtheconstructionunitaccordingtotheprovisionsofthecontractonpaymenttermsandthecompletedquantitiesinaccordancewiththespecifiedproceduresduringtheimplementationoftheproject.(1)我国现行的工程价款主要结算方式(1)ThemainsettlementmethodsofprojectinChina1)按月结算。实行按月申报、月终结算、竣工后清算的方法。跨年度竣工的工程，在年终进行工程盘点，办理年度结算。1)Monthlysettlement.Implementthemethodsofmonthlydeclaration,settlementattheendofthemonthandsettlementaftercompletion.Forprojectscompletedgobeyondtheyear,theprojectinventoryshallbemadeattheendoftheyearandtheannualsettlementshallbehandled.2)分段结算。当年开工、当年不能竣工的工程，按工程形象进度，划分不同阶段进行结算。分段结算可以按月预支工程款。2)Sectionalsettlement.Theprojectsstartedandnotcompletedinthecurrentyearshallbesettledindifferentstagesaccordingtotheimageprogressoftheproject.Theprojectfundscanbepaidinadvanceonamonthlybasisforsectionalsettlement.3)一次结算。建设项目或单项工程部建筑安装工程建设期在12个月以内，或者工程承包合同价值在100万元以下的，可以实行工程价款每月月中预支，竣工后一次结算。3)Lump-sumsettlement.Fortheconstructionperiodoftheprojectortheconstructionandinstallationprojectofthesingleprojectdepartmentiswithin12months,orthevalueoftheprojectcontractislessthan1millionRMByuan,theprojectcostcanbepaidinadvanceinthemiddleofeachmonthandsettledonceaftercompletion.4)目标结款。即在工程合同中，将承包合同的内容分解成不同的控制界面，以业主验收控制界面作为支付工程款的前提条件。4)Targetsettlement.Itrefersto,intheprojectcontract,thecontentsofthecontractaredividedintodifferentcontrolinterfaces,andtheowner’sacceptanceofcontrolinterfaceistakenastheprerequisiteforthesettlementofprojectcost.(2)工程价款结算(2)Projectcostsettlement1)工程预付款。工程预付款，也称工程备料款，是指根据工程承包合同，由建设单位在工程开工前按年度工程量的一定比例预付给施工单位进行材料采购、工程启动等用的流动资金，以抵冲工程价款的方式陆续扣回。1)Projectadvancecost.Alsoknownasprojectmaterialpreparationcost.Itrefersto,accordingtotheprojectcontract,theconstructionunitshallprepaytheworkingcapitalformaterialprocurementandprojectstart-uptotheconstructoraccordingtoacertainproportionoftheannualquantitiesbeforethecommencementoftheproject,whichshallbedeductedsuccessivelybyoffsettingtheprojectcost.2)工程进度款。工程进度款是在工程施工过程中分期支付的合同价款，一般按工程形象进度即实际完成工程量确定支付款额。在确认计量结果后14天内，发包人应向承包人支付工程进度款。按约定时间发包人应扣回的预付款，与工程进度款同期结算。2)Projectprogresspayment.Projectprogresspaymentreferstothecontractcostpaidbystagesintheprocessofconstruction.Generally,thepaymentamountisdeterminedaccordingtotheimageprogressoftheproject,thatis,theactualcompletedquantities.Within14daysafterconfirmingthecalculatingresult,theemployershallpaytheprogresspaymenttothecontractor.Theadvancepaymenttobedeductedbytheemployerattheagreedtimeshallbesettledatthesametimeastheprojectprogresspayment.3)质量保修金的预留。按照有关规定，工程项目总价中应预留一定比例的尾款作为质量保修费用，待工程项目保修期结束后拨付，一般有两种扣除方法:一是从发包方向承包商第一次支付工程进度款开始，每次从承包商应得的款项中按合同约定比例扣除，直到总额达到合同规定的限额为止;二是当拨付的工程进度款累计达到合同总价的一定比例(一般为95%~97%)时，停止支付，把该部分尾款作为质量保修金。3)Reservationofqualityguaranteecost.Accordingtorelevantregulations,acertainproportionofthefinalpaymentshallbereservedinthetotalpriceoftheprojectasthequalityguaranteecost,whichshallbeappropriatedaftertheendoftheguaranteeperiodoftheproject.Generally,therearetwodeductionmethods:first,fromthefirsttimetheemployerpaystheprogresspaymenttothecontractor,itshallbedeductedfromtheamountduetothecontractoraccordingtotheproportionagreedinthecontractuntilthetotal