培优练（五）　科技发明2025高考英语大二轮考前培优练外刊阅读热点话题练

培优练（五）科技发明2025高考英语大二轮考前培优练外刊阅读热点话题练eq\a\vs4\al\co1(培优练（五）科技发明30分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解Someday，youmaynolongerneedtobrushyourteethbyhand.Instead,agroupofbillionsofnanoparticles(纳米粒子)couldautomaticallydoallthatworkforyou.Itwouldbeespeciallylife－changingforpeoplewhofinditdifficultorimpossibletoholdandmoveatoothbrush.Steager,anengineerattheUniversityofPennsylvania(Penn)inPhiladelphiaandHyunKoo,aninventoranddentalresearcherthere,foundawaytoformthenanoparticlesintolong,skinnybristles(刷毛),alotliketheonesonatoothbrush.Butthesebristlesshape－shifttofitwhateversurfacetheyencounter.Thetooth－cleaningrobotworksthankstotwomagnets(磁铁).Onegoeseachsideoftheteeth.Thenanoparticlessitinaliquidbetweenthemagnets.Whenthemagnetsareturnedoff,thenanoparticlesmoverandomlyintheliquid.Assoonasonemagnetgetsturnedon,thenanoparticlesgathertogethernearitscenter.Whentheresearchersturnontheothermagnetandturnoffthefirstone,thenanoparticlesextendoutwardinlong,skinnybristles.Whenthere’satoothintheway,thesebristlescan’tstretchoutasfarastheywant.Sotheypushagainstthetooth’ssurface.Ifthere’sagapbetweenteeth,theypushintothegap.Movingthemagnetsmakesthebristlesmoveagainstandbetweenteeth.Allthatmotioncleanstheteeth.Asabonus,thenanoparticlesalsohavestrongpowertokillviruses.Thenewdeviceisjustaproofofconcept.Theresearchersstillneedtoturnitintoaproductthatpeoplewillwanttouse.“There’salotofengineeringtogetfromheretothere,buteverygoodideaneedstohaveastart，”saidSteager.【语篇解读】本文是说明文，主要讲述了美国宾夕法尼亚大学的研究人员研发出了一款纳米洁牙机器人。1.Whatisspecialaboutthetoothcleaner?A.It’swater－proof.B.It’stransformable.C.Itlookslikeatoothbrush.D.Itcontainsskinnybristles.答案B[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Butthesebristlesshape－shifttofitwhateversurfacetheyencounter”可知，尽管这些刷毛和普通牙刷的无异，但这些刷毛可以改变形状来适应它们碰到的任何表面，这是其特殊之处，故B项正确。water－proof“防水的”；transformable“可变形的；可转化的”。]2.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Theworkingprinciple.B.Themagnets’motion.C.Thevirus－killingprocess.D.Thebristles’formation.答案A[段落大意题。本段第一句“Thetooth－cleaningrobotworksthankstotwomagnets(磁铁)”讲到了洁牙机器人是靠磁铁运转的，而下文中罗列的3个when引导的时间状语从句，if引导的条件状语从句和assoonas引导的时间状语从句则讲到了洁牙机器人在具体情况下的工作原理，因此，本段主要讲了洁牙机器人的工作原理。]3.HowdoesSteagerfeelaboutthefutureofthedevice?A.Uncertain. B.Confident.C.Concerned. D.Surprised.答案B[推理判断题。根据最后一段中Steager所说的话“buteverygoodideaneedstohaveastart”可知，凡事皆有开端。据此可以推断，Steager对洁牙机器人的前景很有信心。]4.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitle?A.ATooth－CleanerFightingBacteriaB.ABreakthroughinMedicineC.AShape－ShiftingRoboticTooth－CleanerD.ANewConceptforaNewStart答案C[标题归纳题。本文的体裁是科技说明文，这类文章的主旨大意一般为发明的主体。根据第一段中的“agroupofbillionsofnanoparticles(纳米粒子)couldautomaticallydoallthatworkforyou”，以及第二段中的“thesebristlesshape－shifttofitwhateversurface”可知，本文主要介绍了一款可以变形的纳米洁牙机器人，故C项适合作本文的标题。]InastudyinthejournalScience，researchersatNorthwesternUniversityinIllinoisreportedthattheyhaddevelopedaneffectiveandinexpensivemethodforbreakingdownchemicalscalledper－andpolyfluoroalkylsubstances(PFAS).PFAS,firstcreatedinthe1930s,arechemicalcompounds(化合物).Theyareusedtomakeawiderangeofeverydayproducts,includingnonstickpans，carpeting,electronics,andfast－foodwrappers.Oncethechemicalsareintheenvironment,theyarealmostimpossibletoeliminatebecausetheyaredesignedtoavoidbreakingdown.Researchershavelinkedregularlevelsofexposuretothesechemicalswithseveralhealthproblems,includingliverdamage,anincreasedriskofcancer,andreducedimmunity.ScientistshadpreviouslyfiguredouthowtoremovePFASfrompollutedwaterorsoilbuttherewasnosafeandeffectivewaytodestroythemoncetheywereremoved.ThestudyreportedthatwhentheteamboiledPFASmolecules(分子)withtwocommonsubstances,thePFASquicklybrokedownandbecameharmless.In2020,WilliamDichtel,achemistandprofessoratNorthwestern,readastudyinwhichchemistsattheUniversityofAlberta,inCanada,foundaneasywaytobreakdownchainsofmolecules.Heaskedagraduatestudent,BrittanyTrang,totrythemethodonPFASmolecules.TranghadspentmonthsinthelabunsuccessfullyattemptingtopullapartPFAS,andatfirstshethoughtDichtel’sideawastoosimpletowork.Butshetriedit,boilingPFASwithacommonsolvent(溶剂)calleddimethylsulfoxide(DMSO).TrangwasshockedwhentheprocessdestroyedthePFAS.ShelatermixedDMSOwithachemicalcalledsodiumhydroxideandbrokedownPFASevenmorequickly.ThescientistswillworkonwaystodestroyPFASoutsidethelabsolargeamountsofforeverchemicalscanbebrokendownatonce.“It’sahugechallenge,butit’sinourgrasp，”DichteltoldTheNewYorkTimes.ScientistsarealsocallingforadecreaseintheamountofPFASbeingreleasedintothenaturalworld.InJune,theUSgovernmentannouncednewplanstomonitorPFAS，decreasetheamountofPFASreleasedintotheenvironment,andaddresstheeffectsofPFASonhumanhealth.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。伊利诺伊州西北大学的研究人员说他们已经开发出一种有效且廉价的方法来分解被称为PFAS的化学物质。本文重点介绍了这种降解方法。5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“eliminate”probablymeaninparagraph2?A.Identify. B.Destroy.C.Appear. D.Release.答案B[词义猜测题。根据画线词后的句子“becausetheyaredesignedtoavoidbreakingdown”可知，这是因为它们的设计是为了避免分解，据此可知，一旦这些化学物质进入环境，它们几乎不可能被消除。所以画线词的意思是“消除”，与destroy意思相近。]6.HowdidWilliamDichtelfindthewaytobreakdownchainsofmolecules?A.Hegotinformationfromastudyofothers.B.Heconductedtheexperimentsonhisown.C.Hisgraduatestudent,BrittanyTrang,toldhim.D.ChemistsattheUniversityofAlbertatoldhim.答案A[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In2020...chainsofmolecules”可知，化学家兼教授WilliamDichtel阅读了一项研究，加拿大一所大学的化学家在该研究中发现了一种分解分子链的简单方法。据此可知，WilliamDichtel是从别人的研究中得到了信息以此找到分解分子链的方法的。]7.WhatcanwelearnaboutBrittanyTrang’sexperiment?A.ShetriedthemethodfromDichtelbutdidn’tsucceedatfirst.B.ShepulledapartPFASwithherownideaatherfirstattempt.C.ShedevelopedamoreeffectivemethodtobreakdownPFAS.D.ShethoughtDichtel’sideawastoosimple,soshedidn’ttryit.答案C[细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Butshetriedit...evenmorequickly”可知，她尝试用一种叫DMSO的普通溶剂煮沸PFAS，这种方法可以降解PFAS；此后她将DMSO与一种叫氢氧化钠的化学物质混合，更快地分解PFAS。据此可知，BrittanyTrang发现了一种更有效的方法来分解PFAS。]8.Whatdoscientistsadvocatethepublicdoing?A.AddressingtheeffectsofPFASonhumanhealthandenvironment.B.ReducingtheamountofPFASbeingreleasedintotheenvironment.C.FindingmoreeffectivewaystodestroyPFASinandoutsidethelab.D.StoppingtheuseofPFASineverydaylifetoavoidhealthproblems.答案B[细节理解题。根据尾段中的“Scientistsarealsocalling...thenaturalworld”可知，科学家倡导公众减少释放到环境中的PFAS的数量。]Ⅱ.七选五Everyoneneedsfriendshiptosurvive.Howdowestrengthentheexistingfriendshipsinourlives?Heresomeexpertsofferthefollowingtips.Showyouraffectiontoyourfriends.Weoftenthinkofaffectionasasortofloveinromanticrelationships.__1__.It’saboutcommunicatingloveandappreciation.Therearemanywaysyoucanshowlovetoyourfriends.Tellthemhowmuchtheymeantoyou.__2__.Thesesimpleactsshowyougenuinelycareforthemandletthemknowit’ssafetoinvestinyourfriendship.Begeneroustoyourfriends.Thinkaboutwhatyourskillsandtalentsareandfindawaytoturnthemintoagenerousact.Sharingyourtime,attentionorresourceswiththemisaneasywaytodevelopyourfriendships.Peoplewanttostaywithfriendswhovaluethem,andgenerosityisawaytoexpressthat.Youcanshareactsofgenerositywithyourfriends.Ifyou’regreatwithkids,youmightoffertobabysitforyourfriendswhoareparents.__3__.__4__.Thinkabouthowgooditfeelstotellafriendyousecretlylikeatrashy(无聊的)TVshowandhearthemrespond“Metoo！”Wefeeladeeperconnectiontoourfriendswhenourvulnerability(脆弱)ismetwithsupport.Itmeanstheyacceptusforwhowereallyare,thegoodandthebad.Sodon’tbeafraidtoshareyourstruggleswithyourfriends.Itmaybringyoucloser.Faceconflictbravely.__5__.Butbeingabletodealwithconflictwithfriendsinahealthy,constructivewaycanstrengthenyourfriendships.Itmightbepainfulatfirst,butitshowsyouwanttomakeyourrelationshipbetter.A.ShareyourstrugglesandjoysB.It’shardtodealwithconflictinfriendshipsC.RemindthemyouaregratefultoknowthemD.Butit’smorethanholdinghandsandkissingE.Itismorelikelytobuilddeep,long－lastingfriendshipsF.StartbytellingyourfriendshowmuchyouvaluethemG.Ifyougetaraiseatwork，treatyourfriendstoafancydinner【语篇解读】本文是说明文。友谊对每一个人来说都至关重要。本文提供了一些维系友谊并使之焕发生机与活力的良方。1.D[空前一句提到了人们对“友情”的通常看法——它是浪漫关系中的一种爱。而空后一句提到了新的看法——它有关爱和感激的传达。根据“瞻前顾后”的原则，D项“但它不仅仅是牵手和亲吻”符合此处的语境，且起到承前启后的作用。]2.C[根据空前一句“Tellthemhowmuchtheymeantoyou.”和空后一句中的Thesesimpleacts可知，空处应属于Thesesimpleacts中的一种。分析选项可知，C项“提醒他们你很感激认识他们”符合语境。]3.G[本段围绕着generosity展开。G项“如果你在工作中加薪了，请朋友吃顿大餐吧”与空前的“Ifyou’regreatwithkids,youmightoffertobabysitforyourfriendswhoareparents.”都是慷慨之举。]4.A[分析文章结构及空处所在的位置可知，空处应是本段的小标题。根据其他小标题的句式特点，可确定答案在A项和F项中。根据本段中“Sodon’tbeafraidtoshareyourstruggleswithyourfriends.”可知，本段内容主要与“分享”有关。]5.B[根据小标题及空后的内容可知，本段主要讲述的是“处理冲突”。由空后一句中的But可知，空处应讲的是处理冲突时存在的问题，并与空后一句是转折关系。B项中的dealwithconflict和friendships与空后一句中的dealwithconflictwithfriends相呼应。]Ⅲ.语法填空DuringthesummerholidayIhadthechancetovisitPingtangCounty,GuizhouProvinceinsouthwestChina.It’s1.____________experienceIwillneverforget.TravelingtoGuizhoubyhigh－speedrailfromBeijing,I2.____________(astonish)attherapidchangeinsceneryfromskyscraperstobeautifultree－filledmountains3.____________(rest)underaclearbluesky.Uponarrival,IvisitedthePingtangInternationalExperiencePlanetarium,whichdisplaysChina’s4.____________(remark)achievementsinscienceandspacetechnology.TheFive－hundred－meterApertureSphericalradioTelescope(FAST)thereisthelargestoneofitskindintheworld.TovisitFAST,visitorsarenotpermitted5.____________(bring)anyelectronicdevicesduetosecuritymeasures.Sotheymustrecordthisonce－in－a－lifetimemomentwiththeirheartsandminds.6.____________(truthful),myfavoritepartofthetripwasmypersonalinteractionwiththelocalcommunity.Followingtheinstructions,Iworkedontwocommunityfarms,wenthikingandswam7._______________afreshcommunityriveralongsidefish.IwaseducatedontheregionalhistoryoftheMiaopeople8.____________cultureisrichinfashion,food,potteryandmusic.Afterthisadventure,my9.____________(appreciate)forChineseculturehassnowballed.WhileIamcontentwithlivingandworkinginBeijing,PingtangCountyinGuizhouhasopenedmyeyestotheendlesspositive10.____________(possibility)Chinahastooffer.【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了作者自北京出发去贵州省平塘县的旅行经历，这次旅行令作者永生难忘。通过这次旅行，作者加深了对中国文化的了解。1.an[考查冠词。此处表示这是一次难忘的经历，故空处表示泛指，应用不定冠词；又因experience的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。]2.wasastonished[考查时态语态和主谓一致。此处描述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时；astonish“使十分惊讶，使吃惊”，主语I与astonish是被动关系，故填wasastonished。句意：从北京乘高铁到贵州，从摩天大楼到碧空下绿树成荫的美丽山峦，景色的迅速变化让我惊讶不已。]3.resting[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处构成非谓语动词短语作定语，修饰mountains。mountains与rest之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用现在分词resting。]4.remarkable[考查词性转换。此处修饰空后的名词achievements，故填形容词remarkable。句意：抵达后，我参观了平塘国际天文体验馆，这里展示了中国在科学和太空技术方面取得的巨大成就。]5.tobring[考查非谓语动词。该句是“permitsbtodosth”的被动语态，故填tobring。句意：参观FAST时根据安保措施的规定，游客请勿携带任何电子设备。]6.Truthfully[考查词性转换。该空位于句首，修饰其后的整个句子，应用副词Truthfully，注意首字母大写。句意：说实话，这次旅行中我最喜欢的部分是我与当地社区的个人互动。]7.in[考查介词。根据后面的river可知，空处应填介词in，表示在社区一条洁净的河里和鱼一起游泳，故填in。]8.whose[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，且在从句中作culture的定语，先行词为people，故填关系代词whose。]9.appreciation[考查词性转换。根据空前的形容词性物主代词my可知，空处应填appreciate的名词形式，故填appreciation。]10.possibilities[考查名词的数。根据空前的形容词endless可知，该空应填possibility的复数形式，故填possibilities。句意：虽然我满足于在北京生活和工作，但贵州平塘县让我看到了中国提供的无限积极的可能性。]A篇Para.2：encounterv.偶然碰到；遭遇Para.3：gapn.开口；豁口；缺口motionn.运动；移动bonusn.意外收获Para.4：proofn.检验；证实B篇Para.1：inexpensiveadj.便宜的breakdown(使)分解；出故障；失败Para.2：exposuren.暴露，接触；曝光awiderangeof各种各样的bedesignedtodosth目的是做某事；为……而设计Para.3：substancen.物质，东西；主旨figureout算出；想出；弄明白Para.6：address常用义：n.地址文章义：v.处理，设法解决A篇译文：Steager，费城宾夕法尼亚大学的一个工程师，和HyunKoo，那里的一个发明家和牙科研究员，找到了一种方法，可以把纳米颗粒做成长而薄的刷毛，就像牙刷上的刷毛一样。eq\a\vs4\al(考前培优练)一、外刊阅读热点话题练考情速递：高考阅读语篇材料几乎都出自英美报刊，越是压轴阅读题，越是出自一些知名报刊(一般为其网站)。在高考备考过程中，进行外刊阅读是大势所趋。考题从外刊取材，而不是根据国内教材和国内英语报刊拟造，增加了阅读材料的真实性和阅读的难度。eq\a\vs4\al\co1(培优练（一）环境保护30分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解It’shardtoimagineasnowstorminTexascouldbecausedbytheArctic,right?They’rethousandsofmilesawayfromeachother!Butifwetakeacloserlook,scientistsaretheorizing(从理论上说明)thatrapidheatingoftheArcticcandrivecoldairfromtheNorthPolefurthersouth，andsurprisinglyenough,canendupwherewe’dleastexpect.Unfortunatelyanymeasureofextremeweatherleadstohighdemandinelectricity,whichcancauseenergyinfrastructure(基础设施)toburnout.Likelyso,thispastweek,over4millionpeoplewere,andcurrentlyare,stuckinfreezingweatherconditionswithoutelectricityinTexas,awell－knownwarmUSstate.Who’stoblame?What’stoblame?Fingersarepointedinmultipledirectionsastowhattherootcauseis.JudahCohen,thedirectorofseasonalforecastingatAtmosphericandEnvironmentalResearch，explained,“Thiscan’tboildowntonaturalcauses.Awarmingplanetispartiallytoblame,atleast,wetheorize.Butscienceisbehindthis‘historical’phenomenon.”Whenweseeanaturaldisasterinvolvingheat,weusuallylinkitwithclimatechange.IsthatwhereweplacetherestoftheblameinvolvingTexas?Whileitseemsabituncharacteristic，scientistshypothesize(假设)thatsuddenwinterstormsareassociatedwithclimatechange.AstheArcticis“currentlyoneofthefastest－warmingregionsontheplanet”，therisingtemperaturesmayincreasetheoddsofanimbalancedpolarvortex(极涡).Asclimatescontinuetowarm,it’ssuggestedthatthiscanandwillhappenmorefrequently.NaturaldisastershaveproventhatweneedtobecomeadequatelypreparedforwhatMotherNaturewitha“dash”ofclimatechangecando.Systemsneedtobecreatedwithreliableandlastingcapabilitiesthatcancarrythenextunexpectedandpossiblyworsephenomenon.【语篇解读】本文是议论文。文章主要分析了全球变暖的原因，指出了全球变暖造成的影响，并提出了人们应采取的应对之举。1.Whatisthemainpurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.Tointroducepolar－basedscientifictheories.B.ToexplorewhyTexassufferedcoldweather.C.Tofigureoutdamagecausedbypowerfailure.D.Toshowhowweatherpatternsaffecttheplanet.答案B[写作意图题。根据第一段中的“Butifwetakeacloserlook...whichcancauseenergyinfrastructure(基础设施)toburnout.”可知，第一段旨在解释为什么温暖的得克萨斯州会遭遇寒流侵袭。]2.WhatisresponsibleforextremeweatheraccordingtoJudahCohen?A.Gases. B.Science.C.TheArctic. D.Nature.答案B[细节理解题。根据第二段中JudahCohen的话“Thiscan’tboildowntonaturalcauses...behindthis‘historical’phenomenon.”可知，JudahCohen认为，科学应为极端天气负责。]3.Whatmessagedoestheauthorconveyinthelastparagraph?A.Unitetofightagainsttheunexpected.B.Runaracetobalancetheworld’sclimate.C.Developaweatherbroadcastingsystem.D.Getwell－preparedfortheworsetocome.答案D[推理判断题。根据最后一段特别是其中的“Asclimatescontinuetowarm...witha‘dash’ofclimatechangecando.”可知，随着气候持续变暖，极端天气可能会更频繁地出现，而我们需要为大自然带来的气候变化做好充分准备。]4.Howisthetextmainlydeveloped?A.Bymakingtheoreticalanalysis.B.Byconductingexperiments.C.Bylistingexamples.D.Bymakingcomparisons.答案A[写作手法题。根据第一段中的“Butifwetakeacloserlook...andsurprisinglyenough，canendupwherewe’dleastexpect.”，第二段中的“Awarmingplanetispartiallytoblame，atleast，wetheorize.”和“scientistshypothesize(假设)”等信息可知，本文主要是通过“做理论分析”来展开的。]Thisyearsawthepublication,instages,ofthesixthreportbytheUN’sIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC)—areportwhichwasdepressingreadingformanyclimatescientists,andinsomewaysofferedarayofhope.Whyisitdepressing?Becausethereportconfirmedwhatscientistshavebeensayingforyears:thathumanactivity,particularlyintheformofemissions(排放)ofgreenhousegases,isresponsibleforthewarminginthepastfewcenturies,andthatunlesssuchemissionsaregreatlyreduced,wewillinthefuturebringaboutourentireecosystem’sdestruction.Thereportconcludedthat1.5℃ofglobalwarmingoverthenextcoupleofhundredyearsisalready“baked__in”.Thismakesthegoalsoutlinedinthe2015ParisAgreement—thatnationsagreedtokeepwarmingbelow2℃，andhopefullybelow1.5℃—muchhardertomeet.Worsestill,theIPCCreportwasfollowedlaterintheyearbytheCOP27,describedbyProfDannMitchell,as“acompletefailure,otherthansomecommitmenttolossanddamage”.Andtherayofhope?TheIPCC’ssixthreportwasbroaderintheapproachthanpreviousstudies—takinganin－depthlookforthefirsttimeattheroleplayedinwarmingbyshort－termgreenhousegasessuchasmethane(甲烷),forinstance.“Reducingcarbonemissionsisalwaysthebestapproach:stoptheproblematitssource，”saidMitchell.“Butwealsoneedotherapproachestohelpwiththis.Methaneisimportant,butit’ssoshort－lived—that’swhywehaven’tbeensobotheredwhencomparedwithCO2.”TheIPCCworkinggroupsshowedpotentialadaptationpaths,andtheyaretheotherthingswecandointermsoffightingclimatechangeandrelievingitsworsteffects,ratherthansimplyreducingcarbonemissions.Thiswouldincludetakingmeasuressuchasswitchingtoamoreplant－baseddiet(toreducemethaneemissions),controllingpopulationgrowth,reducingfinancialinequalityanddevelopingmeansbywhichwemightremoveCO2that’salreadyinouratmosphere，ratherthansimplypreventingitbeingreleased.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要分析了联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)发布的第六份气候变化报告，首次研究分析短期温室气体在变暖中的作用，呼吁找到减缓气候变暖的科学方法。5.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribethesixthreportbytheIPCC?A.Seeminglycontradictory.B.Whollypromising.C.Particularlyhopeless.D.Exceptionallynew.答案A[推理判断题。根据第一段“Thisyearsawthepublication，instages...insomewaysofferedarayofhope”可知，这份报告既让人沮丧，又给人一线希望，由此可以推断，该报告似乎有些矛盾。故A项正确。]6.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“bakedin”inparagraph3mean?A.Outofdate. B.Tothefull.C.Underdiscussion. D.Inprogress.答案D[词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Thismakesthegoalsoutlinedinthe2015ParisAgreement...below1.5℃—muchhardertomeet”可知，此处是描述短语所在的句子中的内容产生的结果：使得2015年《巴黎协定》中概述的目标更难实现了。这说明短语所在的句子陈述的内容已经存在，间接造成《巴黎协定》的目标更难实现，所以该短语的意思是“在进展中，在进行中”。故D项正确。]7.Accordingtothepassage,whatcanwelearnaboutmethane?A.Ithasbeenlongregardedasamajorsourceofglobalwarming.B.Itsroleinglobalwarminghadbeenoverlookedbeforethereport.C.Itsboosttoglobalwarmingisasmuchasothergreenhousegases.D.Itisconsideredasanewapproachtoreducingglobalwarming.答案B[推理判断题。根据第四段中的“TheIPCC’ssixthreport...playedinwarmingbyshort－termgreenhousegasessuchasmethane(甲烷)，forinstance”可知，在IPCC的第六份报告中第一次深入研究了甲烷在气候变暖中的作用，由此可以推断，之前报告从未提到过甲烷给气候变暖带来的影响。故B项正确。]8.Howmanyaspectsdotheadaptationpathsinvolveinthelastparagraph?A.2. B.3.C.4. D.5.答案C[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Thiswouldincludetakingmeasures...ratherthansimplypreventingitbeingreleased”可知，提到的适应性路径有：转向更多的植物性饮食、控制人口增长、减少财政不平等以及想方法消除已经存在于大气中的二氧化碳。故C项正确。]Ⅱ.七选五Therehasbeenaveryseriousdeclineinthenumbersofshallow－waterfishasaresultofoverfishing.Peoplestillwanttoeatfish,sothefishingindustrymustlookatothersources,especiallythedeepwatersoftheAtlantic.__1__Conservationmeasureswillhavetobeputinplaceifthesedeep－seafisharetosurvive.Researchonfivesuchspeciesshowsthatnumbershavedeclinedbybetween87percentand98percent.__2__Manyspeciescouldwelldisappearcompletelyifthepresenttrendcontinues.Thesearespeciesthathavebeenswimminginouroceansforhundredsofmillionsofyears.Theproblemisemphasisedbythefactthatthedeclineinnumbershappenedinlessthantwentyyears.Deep－seafishtakealongtimetoreproduceandnormallyliveformanyyears.__3__Theaveragesizeofsuchfishalsodeclined,withonespeciesshowinga57percentdeclineinaveragesize.Thisisofparticularconcern,aslargefishtendtoproducemoreoffspringthansmallones.__4__Thedeep－seaspecieshavebeencaughtasiftheywerethefast－breeding(快速繁殖)fishlikesardineandherring.Itislikekillingelephantsasiftheyreproducedatthesamerateasrabbits.Thedamagedonebyoverfishinggoesbeyondtheseaenvironment.Millionsofpeoplemakealivinginthefishingindustry.__5__Measuresmustbetakentonotonlyconserveecosystems,butalsosustainlivelihoodsandensurefoodsecurity.A.Billionsofpeoplerelyonfishforprotein.B.Manypeoplenowchoosenottoeatdeep－seafish.C.Unfortunately,theirreproductionrateisverylow.D.Thisputstheminthecategoryof“criticallyendangered”.E.Noneofthesefactshasbeentakenintoaccountbythefishingindustry.F.Overfishingisamajorcauseofthedeclineinpopulationsofoceanwildlife.G.Thishasresultedinasharpdeclineinthenumbersofmanyofthespeciescaught.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。人类过度捕捞导致鱼类数量严重减少，许多物种甚至可能消失，必须采取措施保护生态系统、维持生计和确保食品安全。1.G[根据空前内容尤其是“Peoplestillwanttoeatfish...deepwatersoftheAtlantic”可知，人们不但没有停止，还不断扩大捕捞区域。G项“这已经导致被捕的很多鱼类的数量急剧减少”与上文衔接紧密，同时通过后文内容也可知道文章主要讲述深海鱼数量减少很严重，有些种类甚至濒临灭绝，故G项符合语境。]2.D[根据空前的“Researchonfivesuch...87percentand98percent”可知，五种鱼类的数量减少了87%—98%。根据空后的“Manyspeciescouldwelldisappearcompletelyifthepresenttrendcontinues”可知，如果按照目前的趋势继续下去，很多物种可能会消失。D项“这将它们列入极度濒危类别”与上下文衔接紧密。]3.C[根据空后的“Theaveragesizeofsuchfishalsodeclined，withonespeciesshowinga57percentdeclineinaveragesize”可知，鱼也变小了，说明空处应该会讲到有关深海鱼不利的一面。再根据空前的“Deep－seafishtakealongtimetoreproduceandnormallyliveformanyyears”可知，深海鱼需要很长时间繁殖。C项提到了繁殖率不高，承上启下，故C项符合语境。]4.E[根据空后的“Thedeep－seaspecies...asiftheyreproducedatthesamerateasrabbits”可知，人们将深海鱼当成快速繁殖的鱼类，这就像杀死大象，好像它们的繁殖率与兔子一样。所以空处应该讲的是渔业根本没有意识到问题的严重性。E项“这些事实都没有被捕鱼业考虑在内”引出下文，符合语境。]5.A[根据空前两句和空后的“Measuresmustbetaken...ensurefoodsecurity”可知，空后一句中的保护生态系统与维持生计和空前两句呼应。空处的内容应与空后一句中的食品安全相关。A项“数十亿人依赖鱼类获取蛋白质”符合语境。故选A项。]Ⅲ.语法填空Primaryschoolsnowattachgreatimportancetolaboreducation,advocatingstudentstodoactivitiessuchascooking,makinghandicrafts1._____