作业9　新闻报道类记叙2025高考英语大二轮考前必背四选一阅读

作业9新闻报道类记叙2025高考英语大二轮考前必背四选一阅读作业9新闻报道类记叙文(分值：30分)(每小题2.5分，满分30分)A(2024·湖南株洲高三一模)Sallows，theownerofabarbershop，designedawheelchair-accessiblebarberchair，whichwasbroughttorealitybytheengineersintheUniversityofPittsburghMedicalCenter.Theyhavedevelopedthedevicethatwillhelpindividualswithphysicaldisabilitieshaveamore①tailored，comfortableandsafeexperienceatthebarbershop.“It’sabarberchair—thatwasthefirstconcept，”saidSallows.“Butnowweareintheprocessofcreating，developing，andapplyingnewtechnologiesforapplicationsinmultiplesettingssuchasdentistchairsorstadiumseats.”Sallowsworkedinahospitalasacertifiedtherapist(治疗专家)fornearly20years.Heenjoyedhiscareerbutdecidedtolearnatrade.“Iwantsomethinginthewheelhouseoftherapists，”saidSallows.“Ineedsomethingfulfilling，soIthinkbarbering.”Inoneway，somemayseeitasabigcareerchange，butSallowssaysheisstillatherapist.“Ijoke，IsayI’vegonefromtherapyto‘hairapy’，”saidSallows.“Barberinggivesmethat②therapeutickindofenvironmentthatallowsmetostilltalk.Peopleknowmeasatherapistwhentheycomein，notonlyasabarber，andso，justtheconversationsarereallycool.”Sallowslearnedthatabarbershopprovedcomplexforclientsinwheelchairs.Havingone’shairwashedorgettingacloseshaveoftenmeansbeingphysicallyliftedoutofthewheelchairandintoabarberchair—anexperiencethatisbothdifficultandembarrassing.SoSallows，withthehelpoftheUPMC，hascreatedthebarberchairthatliftsandtipsawheelchairbacksafelyandcomfortably.Theuserrollsontothebarberchairandisraisedoneortwofeet，muchlikewhatonewouldseeinacarshop.Sallowshopesthatthedevicewillprovideclientswiththekindofservicepeoplehavecometoappreciateatabarbershop.语篇解读本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了萨洛斯是一位理发店老板，他设计了一款无障碍理发椅，以帮助身体残疾人士在理发店获得更加定制化、更舒适和更安全的体验。1．WhatisSallows’sachievement?A．Hewasnamedasthebesttherapist.B．HebecameanengineeroftheUPMC.C．Hecreatedtailoredandcomfortabledentistchairs.D．Hedesignedabarberchairforthe③wheelchair-bound.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第一段中“Sfortableandsafeexperienceatthebarbershop.(萨洛斯是一家理发店的老板，他设计了一款无障碍理发椅，匹兹堡大学医学中心的工程师们将其变成了现实。他们开发的这款设备，可以帮助身体残疾的人在理发店获得更加定制化、更舒适和更安全的体验)”可知，萨洛斯的成就是为坐轮椅的人设计了一款理发椅，故选D。2．WhydidSallowschoosetoworkinbarberingtrade?A．Hecouldtalktocoolclients.B．Hewaseagertomakeafortune.C．Hecouldusehisformerexperience.D．Hewantedtostartadifferentcareer.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段中“在某种程度上，有些人可能认为这是一个很大的职业改变，但萨洛斯说，他仍然是一名治疗师。萨洛斯说：我开玩笑说，我已经从治疗师变成了‘理发护理师’。理发给了我一种治疗的环境，让我仍然可以说话”可知，萨洛斯选择在理发行业工作是因为他能用得上之前的经验，故选C。3．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesSallows?A．Cooperativeandgenerous.B．Innovativeandcaring.C．Talentedandcompetitive.D．Modestandcompetent.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第一段可知萨洛斯设计了一款无障碍理发椅，由此可推理出萨洛斯有创新精神。最后一段说萨洛斯希望该设备能为客户提供人们在理发店所欣赏的那种服务，由此可知萨洛斯关心残疾人。故选B。4．Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．ATailoredCutB．AFlexibleWheelchairC．ASkilledBarberD．ASpecialBarbershop答案A解析标题归纳题。本文主要讲的是萨洛斯设计了一款无障碍理发椅，以帮助身体残疾人士在理发店获得更加定制化、更舒适和更安全的体验，A项“ATailoredCut(量身定制的理发)”适合作本文标题，故选A。语境猜词①tailored(派)＝tailor＋ed____________________②therapeutic(派)＝therap＋eu＋tic______________③wheelchair-bound(合)＝wheelchair＋bound____________B(2024·吉林一模)PhebeCoxgrewupinwhatmightseemanunlikelymentalhealthdangerzoneforakid:tonyPaloAlto，California.Butbehinditssurfaceoffamilysuccessandwealth，shesaid，isanenvironmentofheavypressureonstudentstoperform.By2016，whenCoxwasinmiddleschool，PaloAltohadateensuicideratefourtimesthenationalaverage.Cox’sfamilylivedbytherailroadtrackswheremanyofthesuicidesoccurred.Shegotcounseling(咨询)．Butthatchoiceisnotalwayseasilyavailabletoteensincrisis—andsheandherpeersregardedschoolmentalhealthservicesastheirlastchoicebecauseofconcernsaboutprivacy.Anewprogramprovidesanalternative.CalledAllcove，itoffers①unattachedhealthand②wellnesssitestothoseages12to25.AlthoughAllcoveisbuilttosupportawiderangeofphysical，emotionalandsocialneeds，itsmaingoalistodealwithmentalhealthchallengesbeforetheydevelopintodeeperproblems.Coxsaid，“Ifeltprettyhelplessasayoungteenager，butAllcoveisallaboutthestudentsandthestudents’needs.”Abouthalfofalllifetimementalillnessbeginsbyage14and75%beforeage25，accordingtoresearchers.YetaccesstomentalhealthcareintheU．S.islacking.AccordingtotheNationalAllianceonMentalIllness,③some30millionadultsandchildrenwithmentalhealthconditionsgowithouttreatment，and129millionpeopleliveinareaswithshortagesofmentalhealthprofessionals.Allcoveprovidesfullystaffedsafespacesforteensandyoungadultstodiscussanddealwiththeirhealth，bothmentalandphysical.Dr.StevenAdelsheim，apsychiatrist，whocreatedtheAllcovein2014，said，“Thereisa④cryingneedintheU．S.toreachkidswithearlyinterventionandhelp.”Sometimesakidmaycomeinwithaphysicalcomplaint，andonlyafterafewvisitsisthementalsufferingbroughtoutintotheopen.Whenthathappens，Allcovecanmakea“warm⑤handoff”toamentalhealthspecialistonsite.Success，sayAdelsheimandCox，wouldmeantheestablishmentofhundredsofAllcovecentersupanddownthestateand，eventually，aroundthecountry.语篇解读本文是一篇新闻报道。本文介绍了一个名为Allcove的新项目，旨在为12至25岁的年轻人提供独立的健康和福祉空间。5．WhydidCoxandherpeersregardschoolmentalhealthservicesastheirlastchoice?A．Theywereindifferenttotheprogram.B．Theywereconcernedabouttheirhealth.C．Theywereupsetabouttheoccurrenceofthesuicides.D．Theywereworriedabouttheirpersonalinformationleak.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段中“sheandherpeers...concernsaboutprivacy”可知，因为担心自己的个人信息泄露，所以Cox和她的同龄人把学校心理健康服务视为最后的选择。故选D。6．HowdoestheauthorprovethelackofmentalhealthcareintheUS?A．Bygivingexamples.B．Bylistingdata.C．Byshowingcomparison.D．Byanalyzingcauseandeffect.答案B解析推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“研究人员表示，约一半的终生心理疾病在14岁前开始，75%在25岁前开始。然而，在美国，获得心理健康治疗的途径很少。根据国家精神疾病联盟的数据，大约有3000万成年人和儿童患有心理健康问题但没有接受治疗，还有1.29亿人生活在心理健康专业人员短缺的地区”可推知，作者通过列出数据证明美国缺乏精神卫生保健。故选B。7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph5mean?A．Thesenseofmentalsuffering.B．Involvementofhealthexperts.C．Complaintsaboutphysicalsuffering.D．Thepressingcallforassistance.答案A解析代词指代题。根据前文“Sometimesaotheopen.(有时候，一个孩子可能因身体上的不适而前来就医，但只有在几次就诊之后，精神上的痛苦才会暴露出来)”可推知，that应是指代前文提到的精神痛苦的感觉。故选A。8．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheimpactoftheprogram?A．Predictable. B．Short-lived.C．Unidentifiable. D．Significant.答案D解析推理判断题。在最后一段阿德尔海姆和考克斯表示，成功意味着在整个州内以及最终在全国范围内建立数百个Allcove中心，由此推知，这个项目的影响是显著的。故选D。语境猜词①unattached(派)＝un＋attach＋ed____________②wellness(派)＝well＋ness____________③some熟义：一些生义(文义)：adv.____________④crying熟义：哭生义(文义)：adj.____________________⑤handoff(合)＝hand＋off________C(2024·山东德州一模)Withpetownershipbecomingmorepopular，being①saddenedbythelossofabelovedpetisbecomingaterribleheadache.LiPeng，awoolenfelt(毛毡)craftswoman，hasfoundauniquewaytopreservethememoryofdeadpetsbycreatingrealisticwoolenimages.Li’sjourneyintothiscraftis②accidental.Duringhercollegeyears，shemajoredine-commerceandworkedpart-timeatapetstore.Oneday，whilevisitingawebsite，shecameuponasmallfoxmadeentirelyofwool.Astonishedatitsdelicacy，shesetoffonaself-taughtjourneyinthisartform.Inlate2019，LiPengmadethefirmdecisiontostartherownbusinessandpursuewoolfeltingasafull-timeprofession.Whileavideoshowcasingtheworkmayonlytakeafewminutestowatch，theactualprocessisfarmoreintricate.Thethree-dimensionalcreationsfeaturegenuinefur，lifelikeglasseyesandtinywhiskers(胡须)，eachoneindividuallysecuredbyhand.Toachieveavivideffect，sherepeatedlystickslayersofwoolwithaneedle，windingtheloosefiberstogethertocreatesolidfeltedshapes.Thekeyismassivepatience.The③handcraftedcreationssatisfyherdesiretoconveylove.Themajorityofhercustomersarepetownerswhohaveexperiencedthelossoftheirbelovedcompanions.TheysendLiphotographsandeventheirpets’hair，hopingtofreezetheappearanceoftheirfurryfriendsthroughherwoolfeltingmodels.Fascinatedbythedeepbondbetweenpeopleandtheirpets，sheiscommittedtograbbingandinvestingtheseemotionsinherartworks.Anditturnsoutthatthecareerisasuccess.Ordersareoftenscheduledforoneyearlater，andshehasgainedsubstantialattentionthroughsocialmedia.Reflectingonherwork，Liexpressesherdesiretocreatemeaningfulpiecesusingthewarmmaterial，offeringaheartfeltgiftofwarmthtothebeautifulsoulsofthisworld.语篇解读这是一篇新闻报道。养宠物越来越受欢迎，失去心爱宠物的痛苦正成为一件令人头疼的事。文章主要介绍了一位毛毡工匠找到了一种独特的方式，通过制作逼真的毛毡动物形象来保存对死去宠物的记忆。9．WhatinspiredLiPengtotakeupwoolfeltingasacareer?A．Atemporaryjobatapetshop.B．Herself-studyartcourse.C．Adiscoveryofanalternativetofiber.D．Awoolencreationonline.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段中“Oneday，whilevisitingawebsite...asafull-timeprofession.(一天，她在访问一个网站时，发现了一只用全羊毛做成的小狐狸。惊讶于它的精致，她开始自学这种艺术形式。2019年年底，李鹏坚定地决定创业，把羊毛毡制作作为全职职业)”可知，是网上的羊毛毡作品激发了李鹏投身羊毛毡行业。故选D。10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intricate”meaninparagraph3?A．Confusing. B．Efficient.C．Complicated. D．Effortless.答案C解析词义猜测题。第三段开头的While表示转折关系，故画线词所在句意为“虽然展示这项工作的视频可能只需要几分钟就可以观看，但实际的制作过程很复杂”，后文又具体介绍了复杂的情况。所以画线词intricate意为“复杂的”，与complicated同义。故选C。11．WhoareLiPeng’sprimaryclients?A．④Conservationistsofanimalrights.B．Individualsfondoffurrytoys.C．Distributorsprovidingpersonalizedservice.D．Peoplesufferingfrompetloss.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第四段中“Themajorityofhercustomersarepetownerswhohaveexperiencedthelossoftheirbelovedcompanions.(她的大多数顾客都是宠物主人，他们经历了失去心爱伴侣的痛苦)”可知，她的大多数顾客都是饱受失去宠物之苦的人们。故选D。12．What’sthecrucialfactorbehindLiPeng’ssuccess?A．Fairproductpricing.B．Human-petattachment.C．Smartnetworkmarketing.D．Hungerforafinereputation.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第四段中“Themajorityof...thecareerisasuccess.(她的大多数顾客都是宠物主人，他们经历了失去心爱伴侣的痛苦。他们给李鹏寄来宠物的照片，甚至是宠物的毛发，希望通过她的毛毡模型来定格他们毛茸茸的朋友的样子。她被人与宠物之间的深厚联系所吸引，致力于抓住并将这些情感投入到她的艺术作品中，结果她的这份事业取得了成功)”可知，她成功的关键因素是人类对宠物的依恋。故选B。语境猜词①sadden(派)＝sad＋den________________________②accidental(派)＝accident＋al________________________③handcrafted(合)＝hand＋crafted________________________④conservationist(派)＝conserv(e)＋ation＋ist_____________________语境猜词答案A．①量身定做的②治疗的③坐轮椅的B．①独立的②健康③大约④极大的，迫切的⑤交接C．①使悲伤，使难过②意外的，偶然的③手工制作的，手工艺的④自然环境保护主义者作业10科学研究与发现类说明文(分值：30分)说明文阅读解题技法(每小题2.5分，满分30分)A(2023·新课标Ⅰ)OnMarch7,1907，theEnglish①statisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascometobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds”effect.Theexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases，theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.Thiseffect②capitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors，thoseerrorsaren’talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendto③overestimate，andsometo③underestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether，theycanceleachotherout，resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors，thentheirerrorswon’tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms，thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons，people’serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent，theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist(转折)onthisclassicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion，theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance，theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.Ina④follow-upstudywith100universitystudents，theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime，butitwasn’tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently，thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.”Somehow，theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain，thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.语篇解读本文是说明文。没有人是一座孤岛，文章陈述了“群体智慧”效应。实验表明，在某些情况下大量独立估计的平均值可能是相当准确的。1．Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A．Themethodsofestimation.B．The⑤underlyinglogicoftheeffect.C．Thecausesofpeople’serrors.D．ThedesignofGalton’sexperiment.答案B解析段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，各不相同的误差平均在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的估计，讨论了独立估计的平均值如何由于误差的消除而变得更准确。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B。2．Navajas’studyfoundthattheaverageaccuracycouldincreaseevenif________.A．thecrowdswererelativelysmallB．therewereoccasionalunderestimatesC．individualsdidnotcommunicateD．estimateswerenotfullyindependent答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段的“Inmoretechnicalterms，thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.”和第三段可知，人们在没有独立的情况下，分成更小群体，平均值是更准确的，说明即使在不完全独立的情况下做出估计，准确率也可以提高。故选D。3．Whatdidthefollow-upstudyfocuson?A．Thesizeofthegroups.B．Thedominantmembers.C．Thediscussionprocess.D．Theindividualestimates.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第四段前三句可知，在后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么。结合两个问题可知，后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。故选C。4．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardNavajas’studies?A．Unclear. B．Dismissive.C．Doubtful. D．Approving.答案D解析观点态度题。根据最后一段可知，作者认为虽然Navajas领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大。因此推断作者对于Navajas的研究持赞许的态度。故选D。语境猜词①statistician(派)＝statistic＋ian统计学家，统计员②capitalizeon充分利用③overestimate(合)＝over＋estimate高估underestimate(合)＝under＋estimate低估④follow-up(合)＝follow＋up后续的⑤underlying(合)＝under＋lying隐含的，潜在的B(2024·浙江台州二模)Wheninstantcakemixesfirstappearedinthe1950s，Americanhousewivesweredoubtful.Thesemixes，promisingeasycake-baking，felttooeasy.Themanufacturersdiscoveredthatrequiringtheadditionofanegginthebakingprocesswasjustenoughtomakethehousewiveshappywiththeirwork.Thegreatersenseofeffortgainedfromalittleextralaborisbelievedtohavebeenessentialtothelatersuccessofthecakemix.ThisreflectstheIKEAeffect(宜家效应)，whichisidentifiedbypsychologistMichaelI．Nortonandhiscolleagues，suggestingweplacegreatervalueonthingswehaveworkedtocreate.Theyconductedfourstudiesinwhichtheyaskedparticipantstofoldpapercranesandfrogs，assembleIKEAboxes，andbuildsetsofLegos.Theythenaskedthebuilderstobid(出价)fortheircreations，andcomparedthepriceswithbidsfrompeoplewhohadn’tbuiltthem.Thebuildersconsistently①outbidthenon-builders.Interestingly，theIKEAeffectworksevenwhenpeoplehavenoopportunitytofully②personalizetheircreations.Whilemostparticipants’foldingskillsleftmuchtobedesired，theylovedtheirimperfectlypersonalizedproductsallthemore.Buildersvaluedtheirwrinkledcrane-likecreationsnearlyfivetimesasmuchasnon-builders.Beauty，it_seems，is_in_the_eye_of_the_builder.Today，ascitiesaresufferingfromseverehousingcrises，theIKEAeffectcangiveusinsightintothe③well-beingbenefitsofaself-buildingapproachtohousingdevelopment.ProjectslikeWikiHouseandthe“half-a-house”approach④pioneeredbyAlejandroAravena’sarchitecturecompanyElementalareworkingtomakehousingmore⑤affordableandsustainablebymakingiteasierforpeopletobuildandpersonalizetheirownhomes.“Themomentpeopleareinvolvedwiththeirbuiltenvironment，theyhaveatotallydifferentrelationshiptoit，”WikiHouseco-founderAlastairParvinexplained.“Whentheroofstartsleakingoradoorstartscreaking，theyhavethepowertofixitthemselves.”语篇解读本文是说明文。本文通过举例和实验研究解释什么是宜家效应，即人们更加珍视自己亲手创造的东西，并由此引发了对自我建造住房的好处的思考。5．Whatbroughtcustomersthejoyofcake-bakingaccordingtoparagraph1?A．Abettertaste.B．Aneasyapproach.C．Adetailedrecipe.D．Anadditionaleffort.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第一段中“Themanufacturersdiscoveredthatrequiringtheadditionofanegginthebakingprocesswasjustenoughtomakethehousewiveshappywiththeirwork.”可知，额外的努力给顾客带来了蛋糕烘焙的乐趣。故选D。6．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph3imply?A．Creationsarebasedonskills.B．Extralaborincreasesperceivedvalue.C．Beautyisfoundthroughcontrast.D．Strictmanagementbringsgoodquality.答案B解析句意理解题。根据前文“Buildersvaluedtheirwrinkledcrane-likecreationsnearlyfivetimesasmuchasnon-builders.”可知，本段主要讲述额外的劳动会让参与者更喜欢和珍视自己的作品，所以画线句意为“额外的劳动增加了感知价值”。故选B。7．WhatisAlastairParvin’sattitudetowardspublicinvolvementinhousing?A．Critical. B．Objective.C．Doubtful. D．Supportive.答案D解析观点态度题。根据最后一段“WikiHouse的联合创始人AlastairParvin解释说：‘当人们参与到他们的建筑环境中时，他们与环境的关系就完全不同了。’‘当屋顶开始漏水或门开始吱吱作响时，他们有能力自己修理。’”可推知，AlastairParvin对公众参与住房建设持支持的态度。故选D。8．What’sthepurposeofthistext?A．Topromoteabrand.B．Tomakeaproposal.C．Toexplainaconcept.D．Tointroduceastudy.答案C解析写作意图题。纵观全文可知，本文主要围绕概念——宜家效应(IKEAeffect)展开，所以本文的目的是解释一个概念。故选C。语境猜词①outbid(合)＝out＋bid在开价上战胜；出价高于②personalize(派)＝person＋al＋ize使个性化③well-being(合)＝well＋being幸福，安康④pioneer熟义：n.先驱生义(文义)：v.倡导；做先锋⑤affordable(派)＝afford＋able便宜的，付得起的C(2024·河南新乡二模)Asugarreplacementcallederythritol(赤藓糖醇)hasbeenlinkedtobloodclotting(血液凝固)，stroke，heartattackanddeath，accordingtoanewstudy.“Thedegreeofriskwasnotmodest，”saidleadstudyauthorDr.StanleyHazen.Peoplewithexistingriskfactorsforheartdiseasewillbetwiceaslikelytoexperiencetheriskiftheyhavethehighestlevelsoferythritolintheirblood.Erythritolappearstobecausingbloodplatelets(血小板)toclotmorereadily.Clotscanbreakoffandtraveltotheheartorthebrain，causingaheartattackorastroke.Erythritolisasugaralcohol，acarbfoundnaturallyinmanyfruitsandvegetables.However，artificiallymanufacturedinmassivequantities，erythritolhasbecomeanextremelypopular①additiveto②low-carbproducts.Thediscoveryoftheconnectionbetweenerythritolandcardiovascularissueswaspurelyaccidental.Hazen’sresearchhadasimplegoal:findunknownchemicalsorcompoundsinaperson’sblood.Todoso，theteamanalyzed1,157bloodsamples.“Wefoundthissubstancethatseemedtoplayabigrole，butwedidn’tknowitwaserythritol，a③sweeteneruntillater，”saidHazen.Toconfirmthefindings，theteamtestedanothertwobatchesofbloodsamplesandfoundthathigherlevelsoferythritolwereconnectedtoagreater