2025年高考英语二轮复习练习第二部分 词汇知识词汇知识 专题03 阅读理解高频词汇（讲义）含答案

2025年高考英语二轮复习练习第二部分词汇知识词汇知识专题03阅读理解高频词汇（讲义）含答案专题03阅读理解词汇目录TOC\o"1-4"\h\u01考情透视·目标导航 202知识导图·思维引航 403核心精讲·题型突破 5考点一攻坚克难——突破研究报告类高频词汇 5【真题研析】 5【核心精讲】 6阅读理解中研究报告类高频词汇（全部来自于高考研究报告文章的统计） 6【命题预测】 8考点二攻坚克难——熟记阅读理解中医学、科普类高频词汇 9【真题研析】 9【核心精讲】 10阅读理解中医学、科普类高频词汇 10【命题预测】 11考点三攻坚克难——熟记阅读理解中社会生活、心理学类高频词汇 13【真题研析】 13【核心精讲】 15阅读理解中社会生活、心理学类高频词汇 15【命题预测】 16考点四融会贯通——通晓阅读记叙文中描写人物及作者态度相关的高频词汇 16【真题研析】 16【核心精讲】 17阅读理解记叙文中描写人物及作者态度的相关的高频词汇 18【命题预测】 22考点五心领神会——熟记常用同义替换词汇或短语通晓命题规律 23【真题研析】 23【核心精讲】 24熟记常用同义替换词汇或短语 24【命题预测】 32考点六运筹帷幄——熟记常用有关文章出处的词汇 33阅读理解词汇考点目标要求考题统计及展示考情分析研究报告类高频词汇①熟记相关词汇；②有助于快速理解文章（2024·新高考I卷）documentn.文件；（计算机）文档v.记录；用文件证明extinctadj.灭绝的；废除了的biodiversityn.生物多类状态，生物多样性detectv.发现；查明；测technologyn.科技；技术性机器observationn.观察；监视；评论applicationn.申请；请求；申请书；运用；生效；应用软件；勤奋；努力；涂抹；施用authorn.作者；作家；发起人assistantadj.（用于头衔前）助理的；副的n.助手；副手；店员；售货员；助教outnumbervt.数量多于；比…多specimenn.样品；范例；（化验的）抽样；标本increasinglyadv.不断增加地；越来越多地observationaladj.观察的，观测的investigatev.调查；研究从近三年高考试题来看，阅读理解的难度都比较大，涉及文章的题材多样，有应用文、记叙文、普通说明文，科普说明文，研究报告等。词汇的难度也有所增加。体裁以说明文为主，记叙文和议论文为辅。文章要求考生能快速找到文章的细节信息、并就某些事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断，要求学生能准确把握文章的主旨大意及作者的写作态度及意图。预计在2025年高考阅读理解的难度将维持在2024年的水平。阅读理解中医学、科普类高频词汇①熟记医学、科普类词汇；②快速理解文章（2024·北京卷）unknowableadj.不能知道的，不可知的simulationn.模仿，模拟；[生]拟态，拟色；假装；装病inquiryn.调查，审查；询问，质问，追究；探究facilitatev.促进；使便利comprehensionn.理解力；充分了解；（听力或阅读）理解测试conceptualadj.观念的，概念的metaphorn.隐喻，暗喻；象征standardn.标准；军旗adj.标准的；合格的；一般的informationn.消息；数据；问讯处virtualreality虚拟现实unsurprisinglyadv.不出所料地；不出奇地；意料中地computationn.计算effectiveadj.有效的；实际的；起作用的insightfuladj.富有洞察力的，有深刻见解的阅读理解中社会生活、心理学类高频词汇熟记相关词汇快速理解文章（2024·新高考Ⅰ卷）equallyadv.平等地，相等地；同样mentalaspect心理方面hypothesisn.假设，假说；[逻]前提mindsetn.观念模式，思维倾向，心态engagingadj.迷人的；吸引人的v.雇佣(engage的ing形式)；预订demonstratev.证明；说明；(游行)示威；演示identicaladj.同一的；完全同样的，相同的availableadj.可用的，可获得的；有空的maximizevt.最大化，使（某事物）增至最大限度；极为重视；[数学]解函数的最大值；最大限度利用（某事物）vi.尽可能广义地解释；达到最大值mentalfocus心理焦点reflectionn.映像，倒影；体现；深思；反射；描述；感想assumev.假设，认为；呈现；假装通晓阅读记叙文中描写人物及作者态度相关的高频词汇熟记相关词汇快速理解文章（(2021·新高考II卷之B篇)extremelytired极累gratefuladj.感激的；表示感谢的disappointedadj.失望的，灰心的（2021年6月浙江卷）contentadj.满意的；满足的thrilledadj.非常兴奋的；极为激动的asenseofcuriosity好奇的感觉inspiringadj.鼓舞人心的；启发灵感的successfuladj.成功的determinationn.决心；决定；查明remarkableadj.异常的，引人注目的，；卓越的；显著的；非凡的，非常（好）的（2021·新高考I卷B篇）boringadj.令人厌烦的，无聊的well-paidadj.工资高的demandingadj.费时的；劳神的；苛刻的；要求很高的dangerousadj.危险的考点一攻坚克难——突破研究报告类高频词汇1．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)翻译背诵划线的单词IntheracetodocumentthespeciesonEarthbeforetheygoextinct,researchersandcitizenscientistshavecollectedbillionsofrecords.Today,mostrecordsofbiodiversityareoftenintheformofphotos,videos,andotherdigitalrecords.Thoughtheyareusefulfordetectingshiftsinthenumberandvarietyofspeciesinanarea,anewStanfordstudyhasfoundthatthistypeofrecordisnotperfect.“Withtheriseoftechnologyitiseasyforpeopletomakeobservationsofdifferentspecieswiththeaidofamobileapplication,”saidBarnabasDaru,whoisleadauthorofthestudyandassistantprofessorofbiologyintheStanfordSchoolofHumanitiesandSciences.“Theseobservationsnowoutnumbertheprimarydatathatcomesfromphysicalspecimens(标本),andsinceweareincreasinglyusingobservationaldatatoinvestigatehowspeciesarerespondingtoglobalchange,Iwantedtoknow:Aretheyusable?”【难词背诵】documentn.文件；文档v.记录；用文件证明 extinctadj.灭绝的；废除了的biodiversityn.生物多类状态，生物多样性 detectv.发现；查明；测technologyn.科技；技术性机器 observationn.观察；监视；评论applicationn.申请；请求；申请书；运用；生效；应用软件；勤奋；努力；涂抹；施用authorn.作者；作家；发起人 assistantadj.助理的；副的n.助手；副手；助教outnumbervt.数量多于；比…多 specimenn.样品；范例；（化验的）抽样；标本increasinglyadv.不断增加地；越来越多地 observationaladj.观察的，观测的investigatev.调查；研究2．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)OnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascometobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds”effect.Theexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren’talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon’tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people’serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.【难词背诵】statisticiann.统计学家，统计员 illustratev.（用示例/图画等）说明；插图于…experimentn.实验；试用v.做实验；尝试 estimationn.评价，判断；估算conductv.进行，组织，实施；指挥；传导 independentadj.独立的；公正的；无关联的；自立的accurateadj.正确的，精确的；精准的 capitalizevt.估计…的价值；把…定为首都vi.利用overestimatevt.对…作过高的评价；对…估计过高n.过高的估计；过分的评价vi.估计过高；评价过高underestimatevt.低估；对…估计不足；n.低估；估计不足；过低评价，过低估价；轻视averageadj.平均的；正常的，一般的n.平均数；平均水平v.平均为；算出…的平均数cancelv.取消，终止；废除，注销 correlatedadj.有相互关系的accuracyn.精确（性），准确（性）；准确无误英语阅读理解试题中的研究报告类文章总是出现在D篇或C篇，根据近几年的高考阅读理解文章看，它是整个卷中最难的部分，难的原因：1.长难词较多；2.词形转换的词比较多；3.涉及一词多义或熟词生义；4.缺乏背景知识，对整体文章理解不到位。所以，二轮复习的一个重要任务就是突破难点，提高阅读能力。二轮复习总结、熟记研究报告高频词汇就是一个有效的方法，力争高考前把较难的词汇烂熟于心，为高考考场做好充分准备，这就是有的放矢地备考。阅读理解中研究报告类高频词汇（全部来自于高考研究报告文章的统计）documentn.文件；文档v.记录 extinctadj.灭绝的；废除了的 biodiversityn.生物多样性detectv.发现；查明；测 technologyn.科技；技术性机器 observationn.观察；监视；评论applicationn.申请；请求；申请书；运用；生效；应用软件；勤奋；努力；涂抹；施用authorn.作者；作家；发起人 assistantadj.（用于头衔前）助理的；副的n.助手；副手outnumbervt.数量多于；比…多 specimenn.样品；抽样；标本 increasinglyadv.不断增加地observationaladj.观察的，观测的 investigatev.调查；研究 statisticiann.统计学家，统计员illustratev.说明；插图于… experimentn.实验v.做实验 estimationn.评价，判断；估算conductv.进行，组织，实施；指挥；传导（热或电） independentadj.独立的；无关联的accurateadj.精确的；精准的 capitalizevt.估计…的价值；把…定为首都vi.利用overestimatevt.对…作过高的评价 underestimatevt.对…估计不足 averageadj.平均的；n.平均数；平均水平v.平均为；算出…的平均数cancelv.取消，终止；废除，注销 correlatedadj.有相互关系的 accuracyn.精确（性），准确（性）twistvt.搓，捻；连结，交结vi.扭动；旋转，转动n.丝线 phenomenonn.现象；杰出的人individualadj.单独的；个人的；独特的n.个人；某种类型的人 significantlyadv.有重大意义地dominantadj.占支配地位的；（基因）显性的 responsen.答复；反应potentialadj.潜在的n.可能性 implicationn.含义；可能的影响revealv.揭示；展示encounterv.遭遇；偶遇n.偶遇 eye-catchingadj.引人注目的 featuren.特征v.以…为特征imperfectadj.有缺点的，不完美的 datasetsn.数据集；资料组 oversampled过度采样的identificationn.识别；密切关联 originallyadv.起初，原来 psychologistn.心理学家temptvt.引诱，怂恿；吸引 devicen.装置，器具；策略 preschoolern.学龄前儿童mechanismn.[生]机制，机能，[乐]机理；（机械）结构，机械装置[作用]，（故事的）结构；机械作用dramaticallyadv.戏剧地；显著地 mismatchn.错配，失谐 prizen.奖品v.重视；撬动；竭力打探connectivityn.连通性 thoughtfuladj.缜密思考过的 consumptionn.消费，消耗量temptationn.诱惑，引诱；诱惑物 effectivelyadv.有效地 balloonn.（热）气球v.膨胀，激增relativelyadv.关系上地；相对地 surveyn.调查v.审察，测量 submitv.顺从；提交；主张；建议meaningfuladj.有意义的 interactionn.互相影响；互动 participantn.参加者，参与者；关系者categoryn.种类；类别 submissionn.服从；提交 recognizevt.认出；承认vi.确认distinguishv.区分；辨别出 randomadj.随机的；任意的 explanationn.解释；理由；阐述abnormaladj.反常的，不正常的 abstractadj.抽象的v.写摘要 academicadj.学业的，学术的acceleratev.(使)加快，(使)加速 accumulatev.积累，积聚 acquisitionn.获得，得到；获得物allergicadj.过敏的 alternativeadj.可供替代的 ambiguousadj.模棱两可的；不明确的appropriatelyadv.恰当地，合适地 approximatelyadv.近似；大约 budgetn.预算v.谨慎花钱adj.花钱少的calculatevt.计算，预测；估计 challengingadj.具有挑战性的 characteristicn.特征；特色adj.典型的circumstancen.条件；环境；状况 coincidencen.巧合，巧事 compensatev.弥补，补偿；赔偿componentn.成分；组成部分 controversialadj.有争议的 deliberatelyadv.故意地，蓄意地discriminationn.歧视；辨别力 eliminatevt.清除；淘汰 environmentally-related与环境有关的fragmentn.碎片；片段 influentialadj.有很大影响的 ingredientn.成分，食材；要素，因素integratev.(使)合并，(使)结合 maximumadj.最多的，最大极限的n.最大量，最大限度(反：minimum)overpopulatedadj.人口过多的 perceivev.理解；注意到 permanentadj.长久的，永恒的popularizationn.通俗化，普及 stimulatev.刺激；激发；促进 transformationn.转变，改观（2025·浙江省湖州、丽水、衢州三地市一模）（节选）InastudypublishedinPersonalityandSocialPsychologyBulletin,researchersfoundthatpeopletendtoturndownoffersof“freemoney,”aswellasunusuallyhighsalariesorsuspiciouslycheapservices,becausetheyseem“toogoodtobetrue.”Intheinitialexperiment,nearly40percentofparticipantsateacookieofferedfreely–comparedwithabout20percentofthoseoffered$5aswell.Ninefurtherexperiments,involvingmorethan4,000participants,usedonlinequestionnairestopresentotherscenarios.Theseincludedbeingofferedmoneytoacceptaridehome,extremelyhighconstruction-jobwagesandsurprisinglycheapflights.Ineachcase,pastacertainpoint,higherpotentialmonetarygainreducedparticipants’likelihoodofacceptingtheoffer.ThestudyleadauthorVonaschsaysitillustratesthatcontrarytothe“standardeconomicmodel,”whichsupposeshumansalwaysseektomaximizegains,transactionsneedtoalsobeunderstoodassocialinteractionsbetweenpeopletryingtounderstandeachother’sminds.Ifsomeoneseemstobreakacceptedrules,suchasself-interest,withoutanyexplanation,weassumetheyhavehiddenmotives

and

infertherewillbe

“phantomcosts”–

imaginedconsequencesthatreducewhatVonaschcallsanoffer’s“psychologicalvalue.”12．Accordingtoparagraph2,theexperimentsmainlyfocusonpeople’s.A．Thinkingmethod. B．Decisionmaking.C．Financialcondition. D．Potentialability.13．Whydoestheauthormention“standardeconomicmodel”?A．Toexplaintheexperimentsfurther. B．Toclarifyapsychologicalconcept.C．Toprovideevidenceforthestudy. D．Toexpressdoubtontheexperiments.【难词背诵】unusuallyadv.非常；异乎寻常地；显著地；出奇 suspiciouslyadv.怀疑地；疑心很深地participantn.参加者，参与者 questionnairesn.调查表，问卷scenariosn.[意]情节；剧本；事态；脚本 surprisinglyadv.惊人地，出人意外地monetaryadj.货币的，金钱的；钱的；金融的 likelihoodn.可能，可能性maximizevt.最大化；极为重视；vi.达到最大值 transactionn.交易，业务，事务；办理，处理interactionn.合作；互相影响；互动；交流，沟通 assumev.假设，认为consequencen.结果；重要性 psychologicalvalue心理价值考点二攻坚克难——熟记阅读理解中医学、科普类高频词汇1.（2024·北京卷）翻译背诵划线的单词So,ifweacceptthattheuniverseisunknowable,wealsoacceptwewillneverknowifweliveinacomputersimulation.Andthen,wecanshiftourinquiryfrom“Istheuniverseacomputersimulation?”to“Canwemodeltheuniverseasacomputersimulation?”Modellingrealityiswhatwedo.Tofacilitateourcomprehensionoftheworld,webuildmodelsbasedonconceptualmetaphors(隐喻)thatarefamiliartous.InNewton’sera,weimaginedtheuniverseasaclock.InEinstein’s,weuncoveredthestandardmodelofparticle(粒子)physics.Nowthatweareintheinformationage,wehavenewconceptssuchasthecomputer,informationprocessing,virtualreality,andsimulation.Unsurprisingly,thesenewconceptsinspireustobuildnewmodelsoftheuniverse.Modelsarenotthereality,however.Thereisnopointinarguingiftheuniverseisaclock,asetofparticlesoranoutputofcomputation.Allthesemodelsaretoolstodealwiththeunknownandtomakediscoveries.Andthemoretoolswehave,themoreeffectiveandinsightfulwecanbecome.【难词背诵】unknowableadj.不能知道的，不可知的 simulationn.模仿，模拟；[生]，拟色；假装；装病inquiryn.调查，审查；询问，质问，追究；探究 facilitatev.促进；使便利comprehensionn.理解力；充分了解；理解测试 conceptualadj.观念的，概念的metaphorn.隐喻，暗喻；象征 standardn.标准adj.标准的；合格的；一般的informationn.消息；数据；问讯处 virtualreality虚拟现实unsurprisinglyadv.不出所料地；不出奇地；意料中地 computationn.计算effectiveadj.有效的；实际的；起作用的 insightfuladj.富有洞察力的，有深刻见解的2.（2022·全国II卷）Asweage,evenifwe’rehealthy,theheartjustisn’tasefficientinprocessingoxygenasitusedtobe.Inmostpeoplethefirstsignsshowupintheir50sorearly60s.Andamongpeoplewhodon’texercise,thechangescanstartevensooner.“Thinkofarubberband.Inthebeginning,itisflexible,butputitinadrawerfor20yearsanditwillbecomedryandeasilybroken,”saysDr.BenLevine,aheartspecialistattheUniversityofTexas.That’swhathappenstotheheart.Fortunatelyforthoseinmidlife,Levineisfindingthatevenifyouhaven’tbeenanenthusiasticexerciser,gettinginshapenowmayhelpimproveyouragingheart.Levineandhisresearchteamselectedvolunteersagedbetween45and64whodidnotexercisemuchbutwereotherwisehealthy.Participantswererandomlydividedintotwogroups.Thefirstgroupparticipatedinaprogramofnonaerobic(无氧)exercise—balancetrainingandweighttraining—threetimesaweek.Thesecondgroupdidhigh-intensityaerobicexerciseundertheguidanceofatrainerforfourormoredaysaweek.Aftertwoyears,thesecondgroupsawremarkableimprovementsinhearthealth.【难词背诵】healthyadj.健康的；健全的；大量的；有益于健康的 efficientadj.效率高的；有能力的oxygenn.氧（气） flexibleadj.柔韧的；灵活的；易弯曲的specialistn.专家；专科医生 fortunatelyadv.幸好；幸运的是midlifen.中年enthusiasticadj.非常感兴趣的，热心的 volunteern.志愿者v.主动提供（建议信息)participantn.参加者，参与者 high-intensity高强度，强烈guidancen.指导；导航 remarkableadj.异常的；卓越的；显著的；非凡的阅读理解中医学、科普类高频词汇1.医学类alleviatevt.减轻,使...缓和 absent-mindedadj.心不在焉的，恍惚的 bacterian.(复数)细菌bandagen.绷带 chronicadj.长期的,慢性的,惯常的 capsulen.胶囊vt.装入胶囊disablev.使...失去能力 disordern.杂乱,混乱vt.扰乱 discomfortn.不适vt.使不适diagnosev.诊断vi.判断,诊断 dizzyadj，晕眩的vt.使困惑，使晕眩 transplantvt.移植(器官)prescribevi.开药方vt.规定,开处方 vitaminn.维生素 proteinadj.蛋白质的n.蛋白质oxygenn.氧氧气 soothev.缓和，使..安静，安慰 resistantadj.抵抗的n.抵抗者immuneadj.免除的,免疫的n.免疫者 syndromen.综合征;典型表现，典型行为 handicapn.障碍vt.加障碍物surgeonn.外科医生 physiciann.内科医生 pregnancyn.怀孕remedyn.治疗法,补救vt.治疗 stressn.压力v.强调vt.强调 stroken.中风;打击;vt.抚摸pilln.药丸vt.服用药丸 tabletn.药片，片状物 scarn.疤痕vt.&vi.使...有伤qualifyvt.取得资格vi.取得资格 undertakevt.从事,承担；负责 cardiovascularadj.心血管的2.科普类assignv.分配,指派赋值 digitaladj.数字的,电子的 dimensionn.容积n.范围;方面electricaladj.电的,电气科学的 electronicadj.电子的;电子操纵的 opticaladj视觉的,光学的universaladj.通用的,宇宙的n.通用 solaradj.太阳的,太阳能的 solidadj.固体的n.固体,实心mechanicaladj.机械的,呆板的 preciseadj.精确的,准确的,认真的 logicaladj符合逻辑的psychologicaladj.心理(学)的 phenomenonn.现象，非凡的人或事物 element成分,元素,基本原理biologyn.生物学 evolutionn.进化，发展，进展 mathematicsn.数学formulan.公式;adj.方程式的 statisticn.统计数值 carbonn.碳,灯芯,复写纸measurementn.测量,衡量,尺寸,大小 intelligencen.理解力，智力，情报 graphn.图表v.用图表表示navigationn.航行，航海，导航 infiniteadj.无限的,无穷的n.无限 visualadj.视觉的n.可视化monitorv.监控n.监测仪器 emissionn.发出；排放（物） pesticiden.杀虫剂，农药sustainabilityn.持续性，永续性 chemicalsn.化学药品 transformv.使改变形态roadmapn.路标 forthcomingadj.即将到来的 revolutionn.革命；变革complicatedadj.复杂的；难处理的 understandableadj.能懂的，可理解的 accessible可进入/使用的informativeadj.提供信息的 ArtificialGeneralIntelligence通用人工智能sidelinedv.使退出比赛(sideline的过去式和过去分词)；使下场（尤指由于受伤）；把…排除在核心之外；essentialadj.基本的；根本的n.必需品；基本知识tippingpointn.卸载点；引爆点、临界点、量变到质变的分界点structuredthinking结构化思维 abandonedadj.废弃的 environmentallyfriendly环保的 sustainableadj.可持续的 disposeof丢弃circumstancen．条件，环境（2024·辽宁省县级重点高中协作体期中）DAnestimated5.4millionpeopleintheUnitedStatessufferfromAlzheimer’sdisease,anumberthatisexpectedtogrowastheBabyBoomersage.Evenmoresufferfromotherformsofdementia(痴呆).Tokeepsuchpatients’mindsengagedandgivetheircaregiversathomeabreak,doctorsoftenreferthemtodaycenters,wheretheycanexercise,takepartinactivities,andreceiveprofessionalguidanceormedication.Recently,theGeorgeG.GlennerAlzheimer’sFamilyCenters,aSanDiegononprofitthatoperatesseveralsuchfacilities,hasbeguntocreateaverydifferentsortofdaytimespaceforitspatients:afaketownof24buildings,arrangedaroundacentralgreenanddesignedtoevoketheerawhenmostoftoday’sdementiapatientswereyoungadults.Thehopeisthatvisualremindersoftheiryouthwillsparkmemoriesandconversation.GlennerTownSquarewillbethefirstfacilityofitskindintheUnitedStates,accordingtoDanielSewell,aprofessorofclinicalpsychiatryatUCSanDiegoandanunpaidmedicaladviseronGlenner’sboard.Whiletheprojectisnovel,theapproachitreflects—knownasreminiscencetherapy(回忆疗法)—iscommoninclinicalpractice.Byusingavarietyofreminderssuchasphotographsandmusic,facilitators—includingstaffatGlenner—helpdementiapatientsrecallepisodesfromdecadespast.Studieshavefoundthatthetherapyimprovesbothcognitivefunctionandqualityoflife;afullyimmersiveenvironmentlikeGlennerTownSquarecouldenhancetheseeffects.Asdementiaprogresses,memoriesofchildhoodandearlyadulthoodtendtoendurethelongest.“Graduationfromhighschool,college,thefirstjob,marriage,perhapschildren—thesearethemilestones,typically,inlife,”Tarde,anadministratoroftheGeorgeG.GlennerAlzheimer’sFamilyCenters,said.“That20-yearperiodseemstobewherememoriesarethestrongest.”Askapersonwithmid-stagedementiaaboutJenniferLawrence,andyou’llprobablygetaconfusedstare.ButtakeoutaphotoofactressJudyGarland,andalivelyconversationmayfollow.8．WhydodoctorsoftenrecommenddaycenterstoAlzheimer’sdiseasepatients?A．Tomakethemcalmdown. B．Tokeeptheirmindsactive.C．Tohelpthemmakemorefriends. D．Topreventthemdevelopingotherdiseases.9．WhatdoweknowaboutGlennerTownSquare?A．Itisafacilityforcaregiverstotakearest.B．Itisanancienttownforpatientstolivein.C．Itisintendedtorefreshthepatients’memories.D．Itisinspiredbythedesignofseveralotherfacilities.10．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheproject?A．Safe. B．Flexible. C．Challenging. D．Promising.11．Whatdoesthelastparagraphindicate?A．JudyGarlandandJenniferLawrencewerefamousadministrators.B．Memoriesconcerningtheearlierkeymomentsareeasiertorecall.C．Memoriesofalllifestagescanequallybeappliedinthetreatment.D．Alzheimer’sdiseasepatientscanhavememoriesof20yearsatmost.【难词背诵】estimatedadj.估计的；预计的；估算的v.估计，评估 engagedadj.忙碌的v.保证，约定；从事professionalguidance专业指导 medicationn.药剂；药物治疗；药物处理；加入药物nonprofitadj.非盈利的 facilitiesn.工具；天资；特别装置；设备evokev.引起，唤起 visualreminders视觉提醒approachv.临近；处理n.方法，途径 episoden.一集，一节；插曲；（病症）发作期therapyn.治疗，疗法，疗效；心理治疗；治疗力 cognitivefunction认知功能immersiveadj.拟真的；沉浸式虚拟现实的 enhancev.提高，增强；改进endurev.忍受；持续 milestonesn.重要事件；重要阶段；转折点；里程碑typicallyadv.典型地；代表性地；通常 administratorn.管理者；有管理（或行政）才能的人考点三攻坚克难——熟记阅读理解中社会生活、心理学类高频词汇1.（2024·新高考I卷）翻译背诵划线的单词Butequallyimportantisthementalaspect.Readingresearchershaveproposedatheorycalled“shallowinghypothesis(假说)”.Accordingtothistheory,peopleapproachdigitaltextswithamindsetsuitedtosocialmedia,whichareoftennotsoserious,anddevotelessmentaleffortthanwhentheyarereadingprint.Audio(音频)andvideocanfeelmoreengagingthantext,andsouniversityteachersincreasinglyturntothesetechnologies—say,assigninganonlinetalkinsteadofanarticlebythesameperson.However,psychologistshavedemonstratedthatwhenadultsreadnewsstories,theyremembermoreofthecontentthaniftheylistentoorviewidenticalpieces.Digitaltexts,audioandvideoallhaveeducationalroles,especiallywhenprovidingresourcesnotavailableinprint.However,formaximizinglearningwherementalfocusandreflectionarecalledfor,educatorsshouldn’tassumeallmediaarethesame,evenwhentheycontainidenticalwords.【难词背诵】equallyadv.平等地，相等地；同样 mentalaspect心理方面 hypothesisn.假设，假说；[逻]前提 mindsetn.观念模式，心态 engagingadj.迷人的；吸引人的v.雇佣；预订 demonstratev.证明；说明；(游行)示威；演示identicaladj.同一的；完全同样的，相同的 availableadj.可用的，可获得的；有空的maximizevt.最大化；[数学]解函数的最大值 mentalfocus心理焦点reflectionn.映像，倒影；体现；深思；描述 assumev.假设，认为；呈现；假装2.（2023·新课标II卷）ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook,representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.Theimageofthereaderappearsthroughouthistory,inartmadelongbeforebooksaswenowknowthemcameintobeing.Inartists’representationsofbooksandreading,weseemomentsofsharedhumanitythatgobeyondcultureandtime.Inthis“bookofbooks,”artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool,withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.Adultsareportrayed(描绘)aloneinmanysettingsandposes—absorbedinavolume,deepinthoughtorlostinamomentofleisure.Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago,buttheyrecordmomentswecanallrelateto.Booksthemselvesmaybeusedsymbolicallyinpaintingstodemonstratetheintellect(才智),wealthorfaithofthesubject.Beforethewideuseoftheprintingpress,booksweretreasuredobjectsandcouldbeworksofartintheirownright.Morerecently,asbookshavebecomeinexpensiveoreventhrowaway,artistshaveusedthemastherawmaterialforartworks—transformingcovers,pagesorevencompletevolumesintopaintingsandsculptures.【难词背诵】celebrationn.庆典；庆祝；赞扬 representationn.表现；陈述humanityn.人类；人性；人道 emphasizev.强调；重视；使突出portrayv.扮演（角色）；描述；描绘；表现 leisuren.空闲时间；闲暇；悠闲；安逸relateto与...相关；涉及；谈到 symbolicallyadv.象征性地demonstratev.证明；说明；(游行)示威；演示 intellectn.智力，理解力；有才智的人；知识分子inexpensiveadj.不贵的，便宜的 throwawayadj.脱口而出的；开玩笑的；用后丢弃的transformv.使改变形态；使改观 sculpturen.雕刻作品；雕刻艺术3.（2023·全国乙卷）Inadditiontotheproblemofmiscomprehensionfrombothsides,therearevictoriesaccidentallyordeliberatelytwisted,especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite.Thosewhoareonthelosingsideoftenhaveonlytheirthingstotelltheirstories.TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact(联系)betweenliterateandnon-literatesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirst-handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.【难词背诵】Inadditionto除…以外(还) miscomprehension误解accidentallyadv.偶然地 deliberatelyadv.有意地；从容地；不慌不忙地powerfullyadv.强大地，强烈地；有效地 objectn.物体；目标；v.反对；提出…反对的理由literateadj.有文化修养的；熟练的；通晓的 accountn.账号；账单；解释；老主顾v.解释necessarilyadv.必要地；不可避免地 conversationn.交谈，谈话阅读理解中社会生活、心理学类高频词汇1.社会生活类allocatevt.分配assessv．评估；估算 bankruptadj.破产的 biographyn．传记boostv．提高；推动；使增长 civilizev．使文明，开化 comprehensionn．理解consciousnessn．意识；观念 coordinationn．协调 celebrityn．名人criticallyadv.批判性地 depressedadj.萧条的 disciplinen．纪律emergencen．兴起 financialsqueeze财政困难 flourishv．繁荣genuineadj.真的；真诚的 initiativen．倡议，新方案 modifyv．调整；修饰pursuitn．追求；消遣 sponsorn．赞助者v．赞助 tragedyn．悲剧thrivev．旺盛，繁荣 tendv．倾向 dishonestadj.不诚实的violentbehaviours暴力行为 chaosn.混乱，杂乱 moralityn.道德；道德观moralvirtues道德美德 crueltyn.残酷，虐待；不公 humblenessn.谦逊，粗鄙religionn.宗教；教派；心爱的事物 socialinstincts社会本能 communityn.社会（团体）motivatevt.促动，激发，诱导；刺激 behaviouralpatterns行为模式 efficientadj.效率高的accompanyv.陪同，陪伴；伴随 advantageousadj.有利的；有好处的 self-discipline自我修养,自律capacityn.容量；才能adj.无虚席的 strengthenv.巩固；加强；增强 self-controln.自控；自我克制philosophyn.哲学；哲学思想；生活信条2.心理学类minimalismn.最低纲领，极保守行动 intolerableadj.无法容忍的；难堪 solituden.单独，孤独aggressiveadj.挑衅的；积极进取的 conceitedadj.自负的，傲慢的 frustratevt.挫败；使受挫折lonelyadj.孤独的；寂寞的；偏僻的 stressn.压力；强调v.强调 suspectv.猜想，觉得；怀疑bullyv.恐吓，威逼 victimn.受害者；牺牲品 anxietyn.忧虑，焦虑；渴望psychologyn.心理（学）；思想 psychologistn.心理学家 self-esteemn.自尊；自大；傲骨suicidalthoughts自杀念头 neglectv.疏忽n.忽略；怠慢 empathyn.<心>移情作用；同感sympatheticadj.同情的；赞同的 respectn.尊敬v.遵守 assertivenessn.魄力；自信supportiveadj.支持的，拥护的，赞助的 complexadj.复杂的n.复合体 psychologicalproblem心理问题mentalhealth心理健康 societalexpectations社会期望 overwhelmingadj.势不可挡的competitiveadj.竞争的；有竞争力的 extracurricularadj.课外的 deprivationn.剥夺；丧失；匮乏prioritizevt.按重要性排列；优先处理 verbalabuse言语虐待 socialexclusionn.社会排斥cyberbullying网上欺凌 popularizationn.普及 emotionalintelligence情绪misunderstandv.误解 motivationn.动力；积极性 stabilityn.稳定；坚定，恒心（2025·浙江省金华市高三上学期一模）（阅读C节选）Nothingspecialhappenedduringthatnight.Rather,thebigrolethishotelplaysinmymemoriescanbeexplainedbyapsychologicalprinciplecalledtherecencyeffect.“Therecencyeffecthelpstoaccountforourtendencytoremembertheendingpartofasequenceofeventswithfarmoreclaritythantherest,”saidDr.MaryPoffenroth,abiopsychologist.Shesaysitarisesfromourshort-termmemory’sinabilitytoholdontomorethanasmallamountofinformationatonce.Sowhilethereisnomagicformulatocreatelovelytravelmemories,employingtherecencyeffectcanturnagoodtripintoanunforgettableone.Dr.Stephanie,aNeuroscientist,saysthatwhileyoucanstrategicallysetofftherecencyeffectatatrip’send,youmayhavemultipleopportunitiestocreatelastingmemoriesallalongthewaybybreakingitupintosmallerchunks.【难词背诵】psychologicalprinciple心理原理 recencyeffect近因效应accountfor说明（原因、理由等）；导致，引起 asequenceof一系列的clarityn.清楚，明确；思路清晰 biopsychologist生物心理学家inabilityn.无能，无力；无才能；无能为力 formulan.公式，方程式；方案，方法unforgettableadj.难忘的；铭刻肺腑的 Neuroscientist[医]神经科学家：神经科学各分支专家strategicallyadv.战略上，战略性地 multipleadj.多重的；多个的；复杂的；多功能的考点四融会贯通——通晓阅读记叙文中描写人物及作者态度相关的高频词汇1．(2021·新高考II卷之B篇)Thingsquicklygotveryintenseduetothehugeamountofenergyrequiredtolookafterthem.ThereweresometoughtimesandIjustfeltextremelytired.Iwasgratefulthatmyfamilywastheretohelp.Wehadtohaveabitofaproductionlinegoing,makingup“tigermilk”,washingbabybottles,andcleaningthefloors.WhenSpotandStripewerefourmonthsold,theywerelearninghowtoopendoorsandjumpfences,andweknewitreallywastimeforthemtogo.Itwashardforustofinallypartwiththem.Forthefirstfewdays,Kynanwasalwaysabitdisappointedthatthecubsweren'tthere.【难词背诵】extremelytired极累 gratefuladj.感激的；表示感谢的 disappointedadj.失望的，灰心的2．（2021年6月浙江卷）DidNielsenthenfeelcontentinhiscareer?Yesandno.Hewasthrilledtobedoingthecomedythathealwaysfeltheshoulddo,butevenduringhislastfewyears,healwayshadasenseofcuriosity,wonderingwhatnewroleorchallengemightbejustaroundthecomer.Heneverstoppedworking,neverretired.L