2025届中考英语题型过关专题5.主旨大意解题技巧（解析版）（全国版）

主旨大意解题技巧

每篇文章都有一个主旨大意。主旨大意题对考生的归纳、概括能力有一定的要求。文章主旨大意一般有四

种呈现形式：文首、文中、文尾、不明确给出(需要总结)。做这种题要掌握以下技巧：通读文章，重点把

握首末段、首末句；作者反复强调的观点或文章中多次出现的词句通常是主旨；注意文中therefore,thus,but,

however,inshort,tosumup等表达转折或总结的词语。主旨大意题是对整篇文章或者文章中个别段落大意

的概括，属于高难度、高区分度的题目。常见的提问方式是：Whatisthetextmainlyabout?或Whichofthe

followingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

主旨大意题

方法：主旨大意分为大意类和标题类以及段落大意。①主题句是主旨大意的体现，因此识别每段主题句，

然后归纳。②看首段和尾端③看文中出现最多的词

陷阱：①注意以偏概全不能选②范围太大不能选③注意段落大意，看清段落不要误选

方法1文章大意总结法

文章大意，就是对整篇文章的主旨大意进行提炼概括。主要考查学生对整篇文章主旨大意的理解归纳能力。

Whenacceptinggifts,rulesaredifferenthereinChinaandinthewest.

AnnaScheen,fromtheNetherlands,waspuzzled(困惑的)whenshegaveapresenttoherChinesefriendsfor

thefirsttime."Theyrefusedtoacceptittwoorthreetimes,andwhentheyfinallyaccepted,theydidn'topenit.

Theyjusttookitandputitaway.Afterthat,Ineverheardaboutitagain.Theynevermentionedwhethertheyliked

itornot."shesaid.

Inthewest,itispolitetoopenawrapped(包装好的)giftinfrontofthegiverandsaythanks.However,the

situationisdifferentinChina.Peopleusuallyopenthegiftafterthegiverhasleft.Openingagiftinfrontofthe

giverisregardedasimpolite.

Themainideaofthepassageisabout______.

A.thedifferentrulesofacceptingpresents

B.howtogiveagiftinChina

C.howtochooseagoodgift

D.thewesternrulesofacceptinggifts

Step1：分析理解题干及选项：结合题干可知本题考查点为文章主旨大意，选项含义A.接受礼物的不同规

则B.如何在中国送礼物C.如何选择好的礼物D.西方接受礼物的规则；

Step2：分析各段段落大意：第一段总起引出话题，指出中西方在接受礼物时有不同的规则；第二段和第三

段分别介绍了中国和西方国家在接受他人礼物时所表现出的不同。；

Step3：结合段落大意总结文章大意：通读全文可知，本文主要讲述不同的接受礼物的规则；

Step4：定位答案：结合选项含义可知，BD属于段落大意，C项不符合文意，正确答案为A。

方法2段落大意总结法

段落大意，就是对文章的某一段落的主旨大意进行提炼概括。主要考查学生对文章中某一段落主旨大意的

理解归纳能力。

NateRobinsonisunlikeanyotherplayerintheNBA.ThisplayeristheshortestintheNBA,butheisoneofthe

mostfearlessplayers.Heis1.75mtall."InNBA,helookslikeafourth-graderamongagroupofhighschool

students."accordingtoTheAtlantic.

Howcanhecompete(竞争)withthem？...

Paragraph1ofthereportmainlytalksabout_____.

A.howgreatNateRobinsonis

B.howNateRobinsonisunlikeanyotherplayer

C.howfearlessNateRobinsonis

D.whoNateRobinsonis

Step1：分析理解题干及选项：根据题干设问可知本题考点段落大意，选项含义A.内特·罗宾逊有多棒B.内

特·罗宾逊是如何不同于其他球员的C.内特·罗宾逊是多么无畏D.内特·罗宾逊是谁

Step2：通读理解第一段：内特·罗宾逊不同于NBA中的任何其他球员。这位球员是NBA中最矮的，但他

是最无畏的球员之一。他身高1.75米。据《大西洋月刊》报道，“在NBA，他看起来就像一群高中生中的

四年级学生。”；

Step3：概括段落大意：结合第一段理解及NateRobinsonisunlikeanyotherplayerintheNBA．可知，内特

罗宾逊与NBA其他的任何队员都不同．本段是围绕他如何与其他运动员不同展开的讨论。

Step4：定位答案：通过对题干选项及第一段的分析理解，正确答案为B。

方法3标题判断法

标题判断，就是根据文章内容，在选项中判断出一个与之相符的标题。主要考查学生对文章大意理解和概

括的能力。

AChinesemancalledCaiLuninventedpaperalmost2000yearsago.Nowpapercomesfromtrees.Weusea

lotofpapereveryday.Ifwekeeponwastingsomuchpaper,therewillnotbeanytreesleftontheearth.Sohow

canwesavepaper?

Wecanusebothsidesofeverypieceofpaper,especiallywhenwearemakingnotes.Wecanchoosedrinksin

bottlesinsteadofthoseinpaperpackets(小包).Wecanalsousehandkerchiefs(手帕)andnotpaperones.When

wegoshopping,wecanusefewerpaperbags...

Everyonecanhelptosavepaper.Andweshoulddoitnow,beforeitistoolate.

Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.SavingPaper

B.TheHistoryofPaper

C.CottonHandkerchiefsBackAgain

D.CaiLunInventedPaper

Step1：分析理解题干及选项：结合题干可知本题考查点为文章标题，选项含义A.节省纸张B.纸的

历史C.棉质手帕又回来了D.蔡伦发明了纸；

Step2：总结文章大意：通读全文可知，本文主要讲述人们在日常生活中怎样节约用纸；

Step3：定位答案：结合选项含义可知，BD属于段落细节，C项不符合文意，确定答案为A。

（2023·山东聊城·统考中考真题）

XieXiaohuaisaspecialeducationteacher.ShehaswontheheartsofhundredsofchildrenandiscalledMum

Xiaohuabymanyofthem.

“Itismygreatesthappinesstocareforthem,”said49-year-oldXie.ShehasbeenworkingatYiyuanCounty

SpecialEducationSchoolinZibo,ShandongProvincefor27years.

Xieknowsthedifferencebetweenspecialeducationandgeneraleducation.Shetakescareofeachstudent

accordingtotheirphysicalconditions.Andshealsohelpsthemwithlearningandtheirdailylife.Sheusedtohelp

carryastudenttorestrooms,thedininghall,classroomsandthedormitoryfornineyearsuntilthestudent

graduated（毕业）fromtheschool.

In2003,theschoolsetuparehabilitation（康复）centreandXieworkedharder.Tomakesureeverychild

receivedthebesttraining,shemadespecialplansforthem.Thenshebegantoteachthempatientlythebasicskills

oftakingcareofthemselves.Shealsospentlotsoftimetrainingthechildrenwithhearingandspeechproblems.

Thatoftenmadeherthroatache.

2015,theschoolstartedofferingdoor-to-dooreducationtostudentswithphysicalproblems.BesidesXie,

thereareover30teachersteachingandhelpingthosestudents.Theteachershavewalkedover60,000kilometres

overthepastsevenyearsbecausemanystudentsliveinmountainvillages.

“Althoughwefeeltiredsometimes,wefeelourworkisvaluableafterseeingthestudents’progress,evenjust

alittlebit,”Xiesaid.

1．XieXiaohuabegantoworkattheschoolattheageof________.

A．22B．27C．29D．49

2．WhatdoesParagraph3（第3段）mainlytellus?

A．WhatXieknows.B．HowlongXiehelpedcarrythestudent.

C．HowXietakescareofthestudents.D．Whatthestudents’physicalconditionsare.

3．Xieprobably________firsttohelpthemreceivethebesttraining.

A．madesomeplansforthechildren

B．taughtthechildrenthebasicskills

C．setuparehabilitationcentreforthechildren

D．trainedthechildrenwithhearingandspeechproblems

4．Whichofthefollowingistrue?

A．Xiesaidtheteachersalwaysfelttired.

B．Xiethinkstheirworkisusefulandimportant.

C．Eachteacherhaswalkedover60,000kilometres.

D．Theschooloffereddoor-to-dooreducationtoallthestudents.

5．Whatisthebesttitle（题目）forthepassage?

A．SpecialstudentsB．Afamousschool

C．MountainvillagesD．MumXiaohua

【答案】1．A2．C3．A4．B5．D

【导语】本文主要讲述了被称为“晓华妈妈”的特殊教育工作者谢晓华的事迹。

1．推理判断题。根据“‘Itismygreatesthappinesstocareforthem,’said49-year-oldXie.Shehasbeenworkingat

YiyuanCountySpecialEducationSchoolinZibo,ShandongProvincefor27years.”可知，谢49岁了，而她在山

东省淄博市沂源县特殊教育学校已经有27年了，说明她在22岁时开始在学校上班。故选A。

2．段落大意题。根据“Shetakescareofeachstudentaccordingtotheirphysicalconditions.Andshealsohelps

themwithlearningandtheirdailylife.Sheusedtohelpcarryastudenttorestrooms,thedininghall,classrooms

andthedormitoryfornineyearsuntilthestudentgraduated（毕业）fromtheschool.”可知第3段主要讲述了谢

如何照顾这些学生。故选C。

3．细节理解题。根据“Tomakesureeverychildreceivedthebesttraining,shemadespecialplansforthem.”可知，

为了确保每个孩子都能接受最好的训练，她为他们制定了特别的计划。故选A。

4．细节理解题。根据“‘Althoughwefeeltiredsometimes,wefeelourworkisvaluableafterseeingthestudents’

progress,evenjustalittlebit,’Xiesaid.”可知，谢说，虽然他们有时会感到疲惫，但看到学生们的进步后，他

们觉得自己的工作很有价值，哪怕只是一点点。由此可知，谢认为他们的工作是有用且重要的。故选B。

5．最佳标题题。根据“XieXiaohuaisaspecialeducationteacher.Shehaswontheheartsofhundredsofchildren

andiscalledMumXiaohuabymanyofthem.”可知，本文主要讲述了被称为“晓华妈妈”的特殊教育工作者谢

晓华的事迹。选项D“晓华妈妈”作为标题最为合适。故选D。

（2023·四川成都·统考中考真题）

a.LocalsCareforNaturalWorldGrasslandsandlakesinSanjiangyuanhavetakenonanewlookandmany

wildanimalshavecomeback.OnJanuary24,2003,ChinasetupSanjiangyuanNationalNatureReserveto

protecttheareaandthewildlife.Localpeoplejoinedintheproject,pickingupwasteandprotectingtheanimals.

b.ChinaSuccessfullyGrowsRiceinSpaceHowtogrowfoodinspaceifhumanslivethereoneday?For

nearly40years,Chinahasdevelopedover260newtypesofseeds(种子)inspace.Recentlygrowingriceat

TiangongSpaceStationmakesabigstepforward.ItcanalsosolvefoodproblemsonEarth.

c.DoctorsSenttoWestAfricaDoctorsareflyingtoanislandoffthecoastofWestAfricaafteranewflu

brokeout.Theywilltestdifferentmedicinestofindawaytodealwithit.Togetthingsbetter,theywillalsooffer

medicalcareandhelptrainlocalnursesthere.

d.________

AstrongearthquakehitTurkeyonFebruary6.Morethan8,000internationalrescuers(救援人员)aroundthe

worldwenttohelp,includingtheBlueSkyRescueTeamfromChina.Theyhelpedsavelivesandrebuildhomes.

e.ScientistsFightagainstPlasticPollutionAnaturalmaterial,fungi(真菌),usedtobreakdownatypeof

plasticcalledpolypropyleneturnedouttobeuseful.ScientistsattheUniversityofSydneyfoundthatafter90

days,between25%and27%ofpolypropylenebrokedownandafter140days,polypropylenebecamecompletely

safe.

1．Whichpassagesareaboutenvironmentalprotection?

A．a,bB．a,eC．b,e

2．WhendidChinaprobablybegintodevelopseedsinspace?

A．Inthe1980s.B．Inthe1990s.C．Inthe2000s.

3．WhatdoestheunderlinedworditinPassagecreferto?

A．Anisland.B．Anewflu.C．Medicalcare.

4．Whichisthebesttitlefor________?

A．TurkeyCallingforHelp

B．TheWorldSavingLivesinQuake

C．TerribleSituationFacedbyTurkey

5．What’sthethemesharedbyallthepassages?

A．ChallengesandChances.B．ResponsibilityandSuccess.C．ProblemsandEfforts.

【答案】1．B2．A3．B4．B5．C

【导语】本文介绍了几则新闻内容。

1．细节理解题。根据“LocalsCareforNaturalWorld”和“ScientistsFightagainstPlasticPollution”可知，a和e

两则新闻与环境保护有关，故选B。

2．推理判断题。根据“Fornearly40years,Chinahasdevelopedover260newtypesofseeds(种子)inspace.”

可知，近40年来，中国在太空开发了260多种新型种子。由此可知，中国可能是20世纪80年代开始开

发太空种子的。故选A。

3．推理判断题。根据“DoctorsareflyingtoanislandoffthecoastofWestAfricaafteranewflubrokeout.They

willtestdifferentmedicinestofindawaytodealwithit.”可知，在一场新的流感爆发后，医生们正飞往西非海

岸附近的一个岛屿。他们将测试不同的药物来找到治疗它的方法。此处it指的是新的流感，故选B。

4．最佳标题题。分析“AstrongearthquakehitTurkeyonFebruary6.Morethan8,000internationalrescuers(救

援人员)aroundtheworldwenttohelp,includingtheBlueSkyRescueTeamfromChina.Theyhelpedsavelives

andrebuildhomes.”可知，本则新闻介绍土耳其发生强烈地震，来自世界各地的8000多名国际救援人员前

往救援，其中包括来自中国的蓝天救援队。他们帮助拯救生命，重建家园。选项B“世界在地震中拯救生命”

最适合作本则新闻的标题，故选B。

5．主旨大意题。分析几则新闻内容可知，均与“问题和为此做出的努力”相关。故选C。

（2023·四川雅安·统考中考真题）

IcelandisanorthernEuropeancountrywithamazingnaturalbeautyandoceansaround.Thereareanumber

ofvolcanoes(火山).IthasashortsummerwhichlastsfromJunetoAugust.Thelongwinterstartsfrom

SeptemberandendsnextMay.

SummerinIcelandisagoldenseasonfortourists.Everyyear,peoplefromallovertheworldcomehereto

seethebeautifulsightsandenjoytheexcitingwhale-seeing.

Inwinter,whenpeopleinIcelandfinishtheirdailywork,theywillhavedifferentspecialactivitiestospend

thelongdarknight.Skating,ridingsnowmotorbikesandhavingpartiescanreallymakeanexcitingnight.After

allthefun,ahotbathmustbethefirstchoicetorelax.Therearealsostory-tellingactivitiesforchildren,which

canteachthemtobestrongandkind.ThemostpopularstoriesareaboutChristmasinIceland.

Becauseofalongcoldwinter,Icelandhasashortgrowingseason.Thefoodproblemwasalwaysaheadache

forIcelandinthepast.Ithadtobuymostofitsfoodfromothercountries,Later,whenfarmerslearnedtouse

lightsandundergroundheattogrowcrops(庄稼)allyearroundinthegreenhouse,thingschangedalot.

Livinginsuchaniceenvironment,mostpeopleinIcelandliveahappylife.Accordingtoasurveyabout

happinessmadeeachyearinEurope,Icelandisalwaysamongthetop3.

1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”referto(指代)inParagraph1?

A．Theocean.B．Naturalbeauty.C．Iceland.D．Thevolcano.

2．Whendovisitorsusuallygotoenjoythewhale-seeing?

A．Inspring.B．Insummer.C．Inautumn.D．Inwinter.

3．WhatisthemainideaofParagraph3?

A．Whatisthefirstchoicetorelaxafterthefun.B．HowpeopleinIcelandfinishtheirdailywork.

C．WhatstoriesarethemostpopularinIceland.D．HowpeopleinIcelandspendthelongdarknight.

4．WhydoesIcelandhaveashortgrowingseason?

A．Becausethereareoceansaround.B．Becausethereisalonghotsummer.

C．Becausethereisalongcoldwinter.D．Becausethereareanumberofvolcanoes.

5．Whatcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A．Iceland,aPoorCountryB．FoodProblemsinIceland

C．ColorfulActivitiesinIcelandD．Iceland,anAmazingCountry

【答案】1．C2．B3．D4．C5．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了冰岛的相关情况。

1．代词指代题。分析“IcelandisanorthernEuropeancountrywithamazingnaturalbeautyandoceansaround.

Thereareanumberofvolcanoes(火山).IthasashortsummerwhichlastsfromJunetoAugust.”可知，冰岛是一

个北欧国家，拥有令人惊叹的自然美景和海洋。这里有许多火山。它的夏天很短，从六月持续到八月。此

处It指的是“冰岛”，故选C。

2．细节理解题。根据“SummerinIcelandisagoldenseasonfortourists.Everyyear,peoplefromalloverthe

worldcomeheretoseethebeautifulsightsandenjoytheexcitingwhale-seeing.”可知，冰岛的夏天是游客的黄

金季节。每年，来自世界各地的人们来到这里欣赏美丽的景色，享受令人兴奋的观鲸活动。故选B。

3．段落大意题。根据第三段内容，尤其是“Inwinter,whenpeopleinIcelandfinishtheirdailywork,theywill

havedifferentspecialactivitiestospendthelongdarknight.”可知，本段主要介绍冰岛人如何度过漫长的黑夜。

故选D。

4．细节理解题。根据“Becauseofalongcoldwinter,Icelandhasashortgrowingseason.”可知，由于漫长寒冷

的冬天，冰岛的生长期很短。故选C。

5．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了冰岛的相关情况，选项D“冰岛，一个神奇的国家”符合主题，故选D。

（2023·浙江衢州·统考中考真题）

①Onemorning,Igotupearlyanddecidedtomakeanapplepieformymum.Icalledmygrandmaforhelp,

followedaTVprogramtomakejamandwaitedexcitedly.IenjoyedeverystepsomuchthatIdidn’tnoticethree

hourspassby.Althoughthepielookedterribleandwasnotthatdelicious,Mumateitupandtoldmeitwasthe

bestpiethatshehadeverhad.Forthefirsttime,IrealisedthatalthoughIdidn’tmakethepiesuccessfully,Ireally

enjoyedtheprocess(过程).

②Theprocessisimportantbecauseitbringsussomethingbiggerthantheresultitself.Thatis,wealways

havenewexperiencesduringtheprocess,whichmayhelpusimproveourskillsorformgoodrelationshipswith

others.Ifwejustconcentrateontheresultanddonotenjoytheprocess,wewillbemorelikelytofeel

disappointedandwanttogiveup.Asaresult,wewillneverunderstandtherealmeaningofsuccess.

③Butinthisbusyworld,weseealotofsuccessfulpeopleareincompetition.Howcanweenjoythe

process?Well,thequestionhastheanswerinitself.

④Don’talwayscompareyourselfwithothers.Firstofall,wearealldifferent.Andsuccessmeansdifferent

thingstous.Forsome,successmeansbeingfamous,whileforothers,itmaybehealthorpower.Rideyourown

ride.

⑤Slowdown.Youneedtostopexpectingimmediateresultsinwhatyoudoandlearntobepatient.

Impatienceleadstounhappiness.Doitslowly,butneverstop.

⑥Reward(奖励)yourself.Dividetheprocessintosmallsteps,andgiveyourselfarewardaftercompleting

eachofthem.Rewardingyourselfforsmallwinscangoalongway.Forexample,ifyouareintheprocessof

losingweight,enjoyyourfavouritecakeonceinawhile.

1．Howdoesthewriterstartthearticle?

A．BygivinganexampleB．Bycomparingfacts.

C．Byusingoldsayings.D．Bylistingnumbers.

2．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“concentrateon”meaninParagraph2?

A．Makeup.B．Getreadyfor.

C．Pointout.D．Payattentionto.

3．Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthetext?

A．B．

C．D．

4．Whichcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A．EnjoytheprocessB．Whatdoessuccessmeantous?

C．NevergiveupD．Howcanweachievegoodresults?

【答案】1．A2．D3．C4．A

【导语】本文主要是作者通过讲述自己做苹果派的经历告诉我们，做任何事情不要看重结果，要享受这个

过程，并就如何享受过程提出了几点建议。

1．推理判断题。根据第一段可知，作者是通过结合自身做苹果派的例子来引出本文主题，故选A。

2．词义猜测题。根据“Ifwejustconcentrateontheresultanddonotenjoytheprocess,wewillbemorelikelyto

feeldisappointedandwanttogiveup.”可知，如果只关注结果而不享受过程，更有可能感到失望，想要放弃，

所以划线单词表示“关注”，与“Payattentionto”词义接近，故选D。

3．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段作者讲述了自己做苹果派的经历；第二段讲述了自己的感悟；第

三段引出问题“如何享受过程”，第四段到第六段提出建议，C项符合文章的结构。故选C。

4．最佳标题题。本文主要是作者通过讲述自己做苹果派的经历告诉我们，做任何事情不要看重结果，要

享受这个过程，并就如何享受过程提出了几点建议，文章整体以“享受过程”为线索展开介绍，所以最适合

本文的标题是：享受过程，故选A。

（2023·辽宁沈阳·统考中考真题）

The20thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChinapointsouttheimportanceofreadingandcalls

onpeopletoreadmorebooks,sosharedbookhouseshaveappearedinmanyplaces.Readinghasbecomeatrend

inourcountry.

Areadingcampaign(行动)tookplaceinShenyanginApril,2023.Manypeopletookpartinit.LiHong,a

girlfromajuniorhighschool,said,“MymotherandItookpartinthecampaignbecausebothofuslikereading.

Booksareournecessaryfurnitureinourhouse.IknowalotaboutChineseclassic(经典的)works.Reading

makesmylifecolourfulandwillchangemydreamintoreality(现实).”

Readingisonething,butknowinghowtoreadandwhattoreadisanother.

Therearemainlythreekindsofreading:recreationalreading,study-typereadingandsurveyreading.

Recreationalreadingcanbringyoumuchfun.Youcanreadatarelaxedspeed.Study-typereadingusuallyneeds

youtoreadthetextverycarefullytounderstandtheideasanddetails.Surveyreadingisawayofreadingfastto

getthemainideaorfindtheinformationyouneed.

Whatkindofbooksshouldyouread?Emerson,agreatwriterandthinker,hadthreerules:neverreadabook

thatisnotayearold;neverreadanybutfamousbooks;neverreadabookyoudon’tlike.

Goodbookscanliftyoutoahigherplane(境界).Whateveryouread,readwithinterest,withthewholemind.

Trytobeabestreader.Ifyouaregettingthemostoutofabook,youwilldothingsmoreconfidently.Readingis

rewarding(有益的)!

1．Whatcanweinfer(推断)aboutLiHongfromthesecondparagraph?

A．Thereisnootherfurnitureinherhousebutbooks.

B．HermotherteachesChineseinajuniorhighschool.

C．ShehasprobablyreadthebookJourneytotheWest.

D．Shehaschangedherdreambecauseofthecampaign.

2．Whichofthefollowingprobablybelongstosurveyreading?

A．Learningalongpoematarelaxedspeed.

B．Readinganovelcarefullytowriteareport.

C．Enjoyinginterestingcomicstripsasyoulike.

D．Searchingnewspapersquicklyforsomething.

3．WhatkindofbooksshouldwereadaccordingtoEmerson?

A．Booksthatarewellknown.B．Booksthatcostalotofmoney.

C．Booksthatareaboutrules.D．Booksthatcomeoutwithinayear.

4．Whatisthepurposeofwritingthistext?

A．Tointroduceareadingcampaign.B．Toadviseustobuildbookhouses.

C．Toencouragepeopletoreadbooks.D．Totellusaboutsomeclassicworks.

【答案】1．C2．D3．A4．C

【导语】本文主要介绍了读书在全国成为一种趋势，并谈论了如何读书和读什么书，鼓励人们读书。

1．推理判断题。根据“IknowalotaboutChineseclassicworks.”可知李红对中国古典名著了解很多，由此推

出她可能读过经典名著《西游记》。故选C。

2．推理判断题。根据“Surveyreadingisawayofreadingfasttogetthemainideaorfindtheinformationyou

need.”可知概括性阅读是一种快速阅读的方式，以获得主要思想或找到你需要的信息，由此推出在报纸上

快速搜索属于概括性阅读。故选D。

3．细节理解题。根据“Emerson,agreatwriterandthinker,hadthreerules:neverreadabookthatisnotayearold;

neverreadanybutfamousbooks;neverreadabookyoudon’tlike.”可知爱默生认为永远不要读一本未满一年

的书、只读名著、永远不要读你不喜欢的书。故选A。

4．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了读书在全国成为一种趋势，并谈论了如何读书和读什么书，鼓励人们读

书。结合“Trytobeabestreader.Ifyouaregettingthemostoutofabook,youwilldothingsmoreconfidently.

Readingisrewarding!”可知写这篇文章是为了鼓励人们读书。故选C。

（2023·河南·统考中考真题）

AccordingtoKenCroswell,theSunandtheMoonaredifferent.WeoftenthinkthattheSunrulestheday

andtheMoonrulesthenight.That’skindofright,butnottotally.

TheSunshinesallthetime.Itshinesduringthedaywhenweseeit,andevenatnightwhenwedon’t.

AstheEarthturns,sometimeswefacetheSun.That’swhenwegetday.WhentheEarth’sspin(自转)turns

usawayfromtheSunandweareintheEarth’sshadow,wegetnight.Whenpeopleontheoppositesideofthe

EarthfacetheSun,thosepeoplehavedaywhilewehavenight.

TheMoonisadifferentstory.UnliketheSun,itdoesn’tmakeitsownlight.MoonlightisactuallytheSun’s

lightreflecting(反射)theMoonbacktous.

TheSunlightsuponlythesideoftheMoonthatfacestheSun.AtFullMoon,theMoonisontheopposite

sideoftheEarthfromtheSun.ThenthesideoftheMoonfacingtheEarthisalllitup.DuringFullMoon,the

Moonrisesaroundsunset,shinesallnight,andsetsaroundsunrise.Sincehemoonlightissobright,youcan

sometimesseeitduringtheday,too.AfewdaysbeforeFullMoon,ifyoulookeastintheafternoon,youmaysee

theMooninthesky.AfterFullMoon,youmayfinditifyoulookwestinthemorning.

TheMoonismostdifficulttoseeatNewMoon,whenitsorbit(轨道)putsitbetweentheEarthandtheSun.

Then,thesideoftheMoonfacingtheEarthisdarkandwecan’tseetheMoonatall.

根据材料内容选择最佳答案。

1．WhatcanweknowabouttheSun?

A．TheSunrulestheMoon.

B．TheSunshinesduringbothdayandnight.

C．TheSunlightsupallthesidesoftheMoon.

D．TheSunshineseverywhereontheEarthatthesametime.

2．Whichofthefollowinginthedictionarybestexplainstheunderlinedword“shadow”inParagraph3?

shadown.

①theshapeoftheEarth②theforcefromtheSun

③thedarkareaontheEarth④theoppositesideoftheSun

A．①B．②C．③D．④

3．WhatdoesParagraph5mainlytalkabout?

A．HowtheMoonmakesitslight.

B．WhythereisdayandnightontheEarth.

C．WhytheMooncanbeseenduringtheday.

D．WhatthedifferenceisbetweenFullMoonandNewMoon.

4．WhichfollowingpictureshowsusNewMoon?

A．B．

C．D．

5．Whatisthetheme(主题)ofthetext?

A．Culture.B．Science.C．Education.D．Technology.

【答案】1．B2．C3．C4．A5．B

【导语】本文主要科普了一些关于太阳、月球和地球之间的知识。

1．细节理解题。根据“TheSunshinesallthetime.Itshinesduringthedaywhenweseeit,andevenatnightwhen

wedon’t.”可知太阳白天黑夜都照耀着。故选B。

2．词义猜测题。根据“WhentheEarth’sspin(自转)turnsusawayfromtheSun...wegetnight”可知当地球自转

使我们远离太阳时，天就变黑了，所以shadow指的是地球上的黑暗区域，故选C。

3．段落大意题。根据“DuringFullMoon,theMoonrisesaroundsunset,shinesallnight,andsetsaroundsunrise.

Sincehemoonlightissobright,youcansometimesseeitduringtheday,too.”（满月时，月亮在日落时升起，

整夜闪耀，在日出时落下。由于月光如此明亮，你有时在白天也能看到它。）可知第五段主要讲述了为什

么在白天可以看到月亮，故选C。

4．推理判断题。根据“TheMoonismostdifficulttoseeatNewMoon,whenitsorbit(轨道)putsitbetweenthe

EarthandtheSun.Then,thesideoftheMoonfacingtheEarthisdarkandwecan’tseetheMoonatall.”可知在

新月时，当月球的轨道位于地球和太阳之间时，是最难看到月亮的。然后，月球面向地球的那一面是黑暗

的，我们根本看不到月球，结合图片，A选项符合，故选A。

5．主旨大意题。根据全文可知，本文主要科普了一些关于太阳、月球和地球之间的知识，所以本文主题

为科学，故选B。

（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）

Recently,researchersinIsraelhavedoneanexperimentandfoundthatgoldfishareabletonavigate(导航)on

landafterreceivingaround10drivinglessons.

TheexperimentwasperformedbyaresearchteamattheBen-GurionUniversity.Itwasmadetoseewhether

goldfishcouldfindtheirwayinaverydifferentenvironment.Researchersdevelopedaroboticcarthatcoulddrive

forward,backwardandfromsidetoside.TheycalledthecarFOV—“FishOperatedVehicle”(鱼驱动车).A

goldfishwasplacedinsideawaterboxontheFOV.Usingasetofwheelswithacamerasystem,theFOV

recordedthefish’smovementsandswimmingdirections,andthenmovedinthesamedirection.

Thescientistsworkedwithsixdifferentgoldfish.Theyplacedthecarinasmallroomwithapinktarget(目标)

ononeside.Thefishwouldgetfoodwhenthecartouchedthetarget.Afterafewdaysoftraining,thefish

navigatedtothetarget.Atfirst,ittookthemabouthalfanhourtodrivetothetarget.Butbytheendofthe

experiment,theywereabletocompletethesametaskinlessthanaminute.ShacharGivon,oneoftheresearchers,

said,“Asanyonewhohastriedtolearnhowtorideabikeortodriveacarknows,itischallengingatfirst.”

Notonlydidthegoldfishshowthattheycoulddrivetothetarget,buttheyalsoweren’tfooledbyfalse

targetsofothercolors.Theywerealsoabletogetfreewhenthecarhitawall.Althoughthefishmaynothave

realizedtheyweremovingonland,theseresultsshowthatafishhastheabilitytonavigateoutsideitsnature

environmentofwater.Itcanenrichscientificknowledgeofanimals’navigationskills.

1．Whatisthepurposeofthegoldfishexperiment?

A．Toseeifgoldfishcouldtelldifferentcolors.

B．Toseeifgoldfishcouldfindfoodandlivingplaces.

C．Toseeifgoldfishcouldnavigateinadifferentenvironment.

D．Toseeifgoldfishcouldrideabikeordriveacarlikehumans.

2．WhatcanbelearnedabouttheFOV?

A．Itwasplacedinsideawaterbox.B．Itcouldfollowthefish’smovements.

C．Itwasdrivenbyacamerasystem.D．Itcouldcontrolthefish’sd