高考英语阅读理解专项技巧事实细节课件

高中英语阅读理解技巧事实细节01大家来找茬Spotthedifferences目录020301考情透视考法探究题型突破考情透视0101近4年真题分析考法探究0201考查内容事实细节题考查：主要测试学生对特定细节或重要事实的辨认能力考查内容:

涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、方式以及在议论文中可以涉及例证的细节和定义类的细节。常见细节理解题命题包括直接信息题、间接信息题、数字计算题和细节排序题。整体分布：事实细节题所占阅读理解题总量的60%难度分析:

细节理解题有时比较直接，在文中直接可以找到信息，有时有时需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。分析近几年高考英语阅读试题中细节题由过去简单的对号入座直接答题,转向通过语句的同义或反义转换来考查对英语语言的理解能力，因此难度比往年有所增加。02干扰项特点03正确选项特点04提问方式1.Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)________?2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect/true?(三误一正)3.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?(三正一误)4Theauthor(orthepassage)statesthat_________.5.....05题型分类细节排序题数字计算题间接信息题直接信息题06解题技巧技巧点拨若针对举例子,名人名言出题,只需要例子,名言前后的内容，然后与选项核对01细节题干扰项特点:与原文内容相反;与原文内容一半相符，一半不同;叙述过于绝对化;原文没有提及.06

细节题的答案一般是同义替换项或者同义转换项03在

出现一些关键词，如however、but、

moreover、therefore、thus时，要特别注意句子前后意义的转折，递进，因果等关系。02选项中有绝对语气词的一般不是答案。如:must,

never,themost,all,merelyonly,haveto,

any,no,completely,none,等。但不是绝对，也有例外。04注意选项中的副词，形容词和介词短语等与原文是否一致。如:must,may,often,should,usually,might,most,moreorless,likely,all,never,few等存在程度不同，经常被偷换，往往被忽视。05题型突破0301题型1：直接信息题方法：直接信息题--定位比对找答案直接信息题常以应用文的形式出现在考题中，涉及的话题有:广告类、活动安排类、书籍或电影介绍类、演出信息类等。设问方式多为以5W1H(what，who,when,where,why和how)等开头的特殊疑问句。解此类试题常用“定位比对”法。题型1实战演练训练1：(2022·新高考全国I·A片段)LateWorkAnessaynotsubmittedinclassontheduedatewilllosealettergradeforeachclassperioditislate.Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.Dailyassignmentsnotcompletedduringclasswillgetazero.Shortwritingsmissedasaresultofanexcusedabsencewillbeaccepted.23.Whatwillhappenifyotsubmitanessayoneweekaftertheduedate?A.Youwillreceiveazero. B.Youwilllosealettergrade. C.Youwillbegivenatest. D.Youwillhavetorewriteit. 23.A。细节理解题。一、在题干中标注定位词submitanessayoneweekaftertheduedate，二、在原文中找出信息句，即LateWork部分“Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate，itwillearnazero”，三、比对选项与信息句，可知答案为A。题型1：实战演练训练2：(2024年新高考I卷B篇)...Farber,agraduateofColoradoStateUniversity,startedoutasamoreconventionalveterinarian.Hebecameinterestedinalternativetreatments20yearsagowhenhesufferedfromterriblebackpain.Hetriedmuscle-relaxingdrugsbutfoundlittlerelief.Thenhetriedacupuncture,anancientChinesepractice,andwasamazedthatheimprovedaftertwoorthreetreatments.Whatworkedonaveterinarianseemedlikelytoworkonhispatients.So,afterstudyingthetechniquesforacoupleofyears,hebeganofferingthemtopets.25.WhydidFarberdecidetotryacupunctureonpets?A.Hewastrainedinitatuniversity. B.Hewasinspiredbyanotherveterinarian. C.Hebenefitedfromitasapatient. D.Hewantedtosavemoneyforpetowners. [解析]细节理解题。根据第二段的“Thenhetriedacupuncture,anancientChinesepractice,andwasamazedthatheimprovedaftertwoorthreetreatments.Whatworkedonaveterinarianseemedlikelytoworkonhispatients.So,afterstudyingthetechniquesforacoupleofyears,hebeganofferingthemtopets.(然后，他尝试了针灸，这是一种古老的中国疗法，并惊讶地发现，经过两三次治疗，他的病情有所好转。对兽医有效的方法似乎对他的病人也有效。因此，在研究了这些技术几年后，他开始把它们提供给宠物。)”可知，Farber作为患者从针灸中受益，这促使他决定尝试在宠物上使用针灸。故选C.[答案】C题型1:实战演练训练3：(2023年新高考I卷A篇)GuidedCityToursThe2.5-hourtourcoverstheGooyerWindmill,theSkinnyBridge,theRijksmuseum,HeinekenBreweryandmuchmore.ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,startingat1:00pmeveryday.YoucanbuyyourticketinaMacBikeshoporbookonline.3.Wheredoestheguidedcitytourstart?A.TheGooyer,Windmill.

B.TheSkinnyBridge. C.HeinekenBrewery. D.DamSquare. [解析]细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,startingat1:00pmeveryday.(旅游团每小时从大坝广场出发，每天下午1点开始)”可知，导游城市之旅从大坝广场开始。故选D。[答案]D02题型2：间接信息题间接细节题相比直接细节题，命题的隐蔽性更强，正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。考查综合细节题的体裁常为记叙文、说明文或议论文，涉及人与社会、人与自我和人与自然三大主题语境。常考类型:①同义转述类:为了增加迷惑性，出题人有时会利用同义词、近义词甚至反义词等对题干或正确答案进行转换。②数字计算类:此类题要求考生对表示时间、数量等的数字信息进行加工，重在考查考生对具体细节信息的处理能力，故试题涉及的计算相对简单。③综合细节类:此类试题涉及一段内的多个信息点或多段内容且各个细节信息都能在文章中找到。考生要具备一定的概括或归纳能力才能正确作答。高频同义转换(高频短语类)aheadoftimearriveat placesofinterest inspiteof resultin

beaccustomedto trydoing

meet/satisfy/fulfillone'sdemand/requirement/need=inadvance=previous =reach=getto=approach=touristattraction=despite=leadto=contributeto=beusedtodoing=attemptto题型2：实战演练训练1：(2022·全国甲·B片段)Goffin'scockatoos,akindofsmallparrotnativetoAustralasia,havebeenshowntohavesimilarshape-recognitionabilitiestoahumantwo-year-old.Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild,thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.Inarecent

experiment,

cockatooswerepresentedwithaboxwithanutinsideit.Theclearfrontoftheboxhada“keyhole”inageometricshape,andthebirdsweregivenfivedifferentlyshaped“keys”tochoosefrom.Insertingthecorrect“key”wouldletoutthenut.24.Howdidthecockatoosgetthenutfromtheboxintheexperiment?A.Byfollowinginstructions. B.Byusingatool. C.Byturningtheboxaround.

D.Byremovingthelid. 细节理解题。一读题干，锁定关键词，即How，getthenut;二扫原文，锁定信息区间，即第一段中的“Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild,thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.”和“...thebirdsweregivenfivedifferentlyshaped‘keys’tochoosefrom.Insertingthecorrect‘key’wouldletoutthenut.”，B项是对信息区间的同义描述，即在实验中。凤头鹦鹉是通过使用工具从盒子里取出坚果的。故选B。训练2：(2024年新高考I卷A篇)AGE,SKILLS,WHATTOBRINGVolunteersaged10andoverarewelcome.ReadourYouthPolicyGuidelinesforyouthundertheageof15.BringyourcompletedVolunteerAgreementForm.Volunteersundertheageof18musthavetheparent/guardianapprovalsectionsigned.We'llbeworkingrainorshine.Wearclothesthatcangetdirty.Bringlayersforchangingweatherandaraincoatifnecessary.23.Whatarethevolunteersexpectedtodo?A.Bringtheirowntools.

B.Workeveninbadweather. C.Wearateamuniform.

D.Doatleastthreeprojects. [解析]细节理解题。根据文章第五段“We'llbeworkingrainorshine.(我们将风雨无阻地工作)”可知，身为志愿者，即使天气不好也要工作。故选B项。[答案]B题型2：实战演练训练3：(2023年新高考1卷B篇)WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Aditrystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(细菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.4.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Hewasfondoftraveling. B.Heenjoyedbeingalone. C.Hehadaninquiringmind. D.Helongedtobeadoctor. [解析]间接信息题。对原文多处信息整合。根据第一段“WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Aditrystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.(当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往变得清澈。长大后，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的混乱)”以及第二段“Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(细菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?(在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌?哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质?)”可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故选C。题型2：实战演练03题型3：数字题型数字计算题的话题有:1.广告类;2.故事类;3.科普知识类:4.史地自然类;5.文化教育类。数字计算题一般会涉及时间、年龄、价钱、数量、距离等的简单计算。一般来说，计算量都比较小，容易计算。但是英语阅读中的数字计算必须要找出计算背后所隐含的信息。这些信息会涉及对某个难句的理解，从这个角度上讲，理解文中相应的复杂句是解这类题的关键。设问方式以when，inwhichyear,howmany/much等疑问词(组)开头引出问题。解此类试题常用“整合推算”法。此类题要求考生对具体细节信息,尤其是年龄、时间、数量等数字信息进行加工.试题的重点不在于计算,而在于考查考生对具体信息的处理能力。题型3：实战演练训练1：(2022·全国乙·A片段)Admission£4.Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadultareadmittedfree.22.Howmuchwouldacouplewithtwochildrenunder12payforadmission?A.£4. B.£8. C.£12. D.£16. 数字计算题。一读题干寻找关键词acouplewithtwochildrenunder12，二在Admission部分中标记£4.Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadultareadmittedfree，三用加法推算答案，即一对夫妇应付4+4=8(英镑)，两个12岁以下的儿童在成人陪同下免费，即入场费为8英镑。故选B。训练2：(2024年新高考I卷A篇)AGE,SKILLS,WHATTOBRINGVolunteersaged10andoverarewelcome.ReadourYouthPolicyGuidelinesforyouthundertheageof15.BringyourcompletedVolunteerAgreementForm.Volunteersundertheageof18musthavetheparent/guardianapprovalsectionsigned.We'llbeworkingrainorshine.Wearclothesthatcangetdirty.Bringlayersforchangingweatherandaraincoatifnecessary.Bringapersonalwaterbottle,sunscreen,andlunch.Noexperiencenecessary.Trainingandtoolswillbeprovided.Fulfills(满足)communityservicerequirements.22.WhatistheloweragelimitforjoiningtheHabitatRestorationTeam?A.5.

B.10.

C.15.

D.18. [解析]细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Volunteersaged10andoverarewelcome.(欢迎10岁及以上的志愿者)”可知，加栖息地恢复小组的最低年龄限制是10岁。故选B项。题型3：实战演练训练3：(2023全国乙卷C篇)Accordingtoanewstudyfrommarketanalysts,1in5BritonssaythatwatchingcookeryprogrammesonTVhasencouragedthemtotrydifferentfood.Almostonethirdsaytheynowuseawidervarietyofingredients(配料)thantheyusedto,andjustunder1in4saytheynowbuybetterqualityingredientsthanbefore.OneinfouradultssaythatTVchefshavemadethemmuchmoreconfidentaboutexpandingtheircookeryknowledgeandskills,andyoungpeoplearealsogettingmoreinterestedincooking.TheUK’sobsession(痴迷)withfoodisreflectedthroughtelevisionscheduling.Cookeryshowsanddocumentariesaboutfoodarebroadcastmoreoftenthanbefore.WithanincreasingnumberofmalechefsonTV,it'snolonger“uncool”forboystolikecooking.10.Whichisthepercentageofthepeopleusingmorediverseingredientsnow?A.20%. B.24%. C.25%. D.33%.[解析]细节理解题。根据第三段的“Almostonethirdsaytheynowuseawidervarietyofingredients(配料)thantheyusedto,andjustunder1in4saytheynowbuybetterqualityingredientsthanbefore.”(几乎三分之一的人表示他们现在使用的配料比以前更多，将近四分之一的人表示他们现在购买的配料质量比以前更好。)可知，三分之一左右的人，也就是33%左右的人，使用的配料比以前更多。故选D项。题型3：实战演练04题型4：细节排序第一步：审读题干和四个选项的内容第二步:利用首尾，排除掉部分选项，缩小范围第三步：如排序内容较多，再查看剩余选项的异同处，缩小范围;如排序内容较少，一般即可快速得出答案。解题原则:

采用“首尾定位法”，先根据第一个事件和最后一个事件缩小范围，再根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。细节排序技巧Aschoolgirlsavedherfather'slifebykickinghiminthechestafterhesufferedaseriousallergic(过敏的)reactionwhichstoppedhisheart.Izzy,nine,restartedfatherColm'sheartbystamping(踩)onhischestafterhefelldownathomeandstoppedbreathing.Izzy'smother,Debbie,immediatelycalled999butIzzyknewdoctorswouldneverarriveintimetosaveherfather,sodecidedtouseCPR.However,shequicklydiscoveredherarmsweren'tstrongenough,soshestampedonherfather'schestinstead.Debbiethentookoverwithsomemoreconventionalchestcompressions(按压)un