2025届人教版(2019)高考英语一轮话题复习高考题型通关练：话题26　科学家精神(教师版)

话题26科学家精神

Ⅰ.阅读理解

GraduateSchemes

CommercialBankingGraduateScheme

WehelpUK－basedclientstoinvestlocallyandtradeglobally，andadvisethem

onwaystheycanmanagerisk.Toapplyforourscheme，youneeda2：1degreeor

aboveinanydisciplinefromanyuniversity.

Location：OurgraduateschemesarebasedinvariouscitiesaroundtheUK，

includingLondon，Birmingham，EdinburghandBristol.

WHATYOU’LLBEDOING

◆Attendingclientmeetingstounderstandtheirneedsandofferingsolutionsto

supportthem.

◆ManagingtheGroup’sexposuretoriskandassessinginvestmentopportunities.

RiskManagementGraduateScheme

Ifyouareeagertolearnhowanationalorganizationprotectsitselfandits

customersfromdifferentthreats，you’llbeagreatfitforourRiskManagementteams.

Whatyouneedisjusta2：2degreeorabove.

Location：ThefirstplacementwillbeinBristol，followedbythreeplacementsin

London.

WHATYOU’LLBEDOING

◆Developingyourunderstandingofcreditrisks，riskanalysisandfinancial

modeling.

◆Usingartificialintelligence(AI)tosimplifyourriskmanagementprocesses.

FinanceGraduateScheme

Financeteamsarethetrustedadvisorstoourbusiness.And，oncetheyunderstand

howabusinessworks，theycandevelopstrategiesthathelptransformit，withinafast

－changingindustry.

Accountingandfinancegraduatesarequalifiedforthisscheme.

Location：London.

WHATYOU’LLBEDOING

◆Buildingrelationshipswithcolleaguesandcustomerstobetterunderstandtheir

needs.

◆Reviewingourpracticesandcontributingideasonthewayswecanimprove

them.

ManufacturingGraduateScheme

We’retheUK’ssecondlargestfreshfoodmanufacturer.We’reuniqueintheway

wesourceandmakemostofourfreshfoodourselves.Tojoinus，it’scrucialthatyou

havetoownadrivinglicense.Besides，youmusthaveapassionforfoodqualityand

safety.Thosewhohaveaminimum2：2degreeandarefluentinChinesewillbe

preferred.

Location：London.

WHATYOU’LLBEDOING

◆Workingwithavarietyofteamsatseveralofourmanufacturingsites.

◆Goingonplacementinstorestolearnmoreaboutourretailoperations.

【语篇解读】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了四个毕业生计划，对毕业生的要

求，招聘地点以及工作要求。

1.WhichgraduateschemessuitpeoplewhowanttostayinBristol?

A.FinanceGraduateSchemeandRiskManagementGraduateScheme.

B.ManufacturingGraduateSchemeandFinanceGraduateScheme.

C.RiskManagementGraduateSchemeandManufacturingGraduateScheme.

D.CommercialBankingGraduateSchemeandRiskManagementGraduateScheme.

答案D[细节理解题。根据CommercialBankingGraduateScheme部分中的

“Location：Ourgraduateschemes...andBristol.”以及RiskManagementGraduate

Scheme部分中的“Location：Thefirst...inLondon.”可知，CommercialBanking

GraduateScheme和RiskManagementGraduateScheme适合那些想留在布里斯托

尔的人。]

2.WhatwillyoubedoingoncefinishingtheFinanceGraduateScheme?

A.Reviewingideasonthewaystoimprovethem.

B.Masteringmoreknowledgeaboutretailoperations.

C.Creatingbondswithcustomerstoknowthemwell.

D.UsingAItomakeriskmanagementeasy.

答案C[细节理解题。根据FinanceGraduateScheme部分中的“WHAT

YOU’LLBEDOING”可知，完成金融毕业生计划后，你会与客户建立联系，了

解他们。]

3.WhichisamusttoapplyforManufacturingGraduateScheme?

A.Apassionforfood.B.Adrivinglicense.

C.AcertificateforChinese.D.Ahealthcertificate.

答案B[细节理解题。根据ManufacturingGraduateScheme部分中“Tojoinus，

it’scrucialthatyouhavetoownadrivinglicense.”可知，申请该计划需要有驾驶执

照。]

HowardSchultzwasn’tthefirstpersontobecarriedawaybythepleasantsmellof

awell－roastedcoffeebean.ButtheStarbucksCoffeeCo.leaderwasundoubtedlythe

firsttoturnthatdreamintoabilliondollarretailbusiness.

Schultz’sadventurestartedin1981whenhetraveledfromNewYorktoSeattleto

checkoutapopularcoffeebeanstorecalled“Starbucks”.Ithadbeenbuyingmanyof

theHammarplastSwedishdripcoffeemakers(滴滤式煮咖啡壶)hewasselling.

Therewasthatgreatsmell，sure，butwhatcausedhimtofallinlovewiththe

businesswasthecaretheStarbucksownersputintochoosingandroastingthe

beans.Hewasalsoimpressedwiththeowners’devotiontoeducatingthepublicabout

thewondersofthecoffee.

IttookSchultzayeartoconvincetheStarbucksownerstohirehim.Whenthey

finallymadehimdirectorofmarketingandoperationsin1982，hehadanother

idea.ThisoneoccurredinItaly，whenSchultznoticedthecoffeebarsthatexistedon

almosteveryblock.Helearnedthattheynotonlyservedexcellentespressos(蒸馏咖

啡)，theyalsoservedasmeetingplacesorpublicsquares，andtherewere200，000of

theminthecountry.

ButwhenhecamebacktoSeattle，theStarbucksownersresistedSchultz’splans

toservecoffeeinthestores，sayingtherestaurantbusinesswascompetitive，anditwas

costlytohirewaiters.Afterall，economicbenefitsweretheirprimary

motivator.Frustrated，Schultzquitandstartedhisowncoffee－barbusinessin1985，

named“ⅡGiornale”.Itwassuccessful，andtwoyearslater，theoriginalStarbucks

managementsolditsStarbucksretailunittoSchultzfor$3.8million.

Asthecompanybegantoexpandrapidlyinthe1990s，Schultzalwayssaidthat

themaingoalwas“toserveagreatcupofcoffee”.Askedaboutthesecretofhis

success，Schultztoldustheprinciples，“Don’tbethreatenedbypeoplesmarterthan

you.Compromiseanythingbutyourcorevalues.”

【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了霍华德·舒尔茨带领星巴克咖啡公司走

向成功的故事。

4.WhatcausedSchultztojointheStarbucks?

A.Thepleasantsmellofitscoffeebean.

B.Hisstrongdesiretoimprovehimself.

C.Theowners’impressiveworkattitude.

D.Hiseagernesstosellmorecoffeemakers.

答案C[推理判断题。根据第三段及第四段中的“IttookSchultzayearto

convincetheStarbucksownerstohirehim.”可推知，老板令人印象深刻的工作态度

促使舒尔茨加入了星巴克。]

5.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeSchultz’spersonality?

A.Committedandgenerous.B.Sociableandhelpful.

C.Motivatedandconsiderate.D.Determinedandcreative.

答案D[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可推知，舒尔茨的成功源于他的创新和

坚持，所以坚定和创新是对舒尔茨性格的最佳描述。]

6.WhydidtheStarbucksownersrefusetoservecoffeeinthestores?

A.ManycoffeebarshadexistedinSeattle.

B.Peoplepreferredtastingcoffeeathome.

C.Workforcewasinsufficientinthemarket.

D.Theytriedtoavoidhighcostoflaborforce.

答案D[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Butwhenhecamebackto

Seattle...economicbenefitsweretheirprimarymotivator.”可知，星巴克的老板拒绝在

店里供应咖啡，因为他们试图避免高昂的劳动力成本。]

7.WhatdoesSchultzthinkcontributestohissuccess?

A.Learningfromsmarterpeople.B.Stickingtohisowncorevalues.

C.Keepinghisbusinessasecret.D.Rememberingasetofprinciples.

答案B[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的最后一句可知，舒尔茨认为，坚持自

己的核心价值观是他成功的原因。]

Forthepastthreedecades，RichardSears，71，hasbeenfocusedononething：

tellingthestoriesbehindChinesecharacters.

HisinterestinChineselanguageandcharactersgoesbackto1972，whenhewasa

22－year－oldphysicsmajoratPortlandStateUniversityinOregon.“Irealizedonly

7percentoftheworldspeakEnglishasamothertongue.So，Iwantedtoknowwhatit

wasliketospeakanotherlanguage.”By1990，Searswasalreadyprettyfluentin

Chinese，buthedidnotknowhowtoread.ToSears，thecharacterswerecomplexwith

manystrokesandalmostnoapparentlogic.

“I’maphysicist，soIdon’tlikeblindmemorizationinlearninglanguages.Iknew

thatChinesecharacterscamefrompictographs(象形文字)andIwantedtoknowthe

storiesbehindtheChinesecharacters.”Ashestudied，Searsrealizedquicklythat

manyoftheexplanationscouldnotpossiblybetrue.Inordertopickoutthegood

ones，hedecidedtocomputerizethecharacters.Hescannedabout96，000ancient

characters.

Thedatabaseofancientcharacterscameintobeing，buthewantedtoexplainthe

step－by－stepevolvementofthesecharactersfromtheoriginalpictographstothe

modernsimplifiedforms.Hefinallygothiswebsiteupin2002andnameditChinese

Etymology(词源)，wherevisitorscancheckforfreetheevolvementofChinese

charactersinvariousforms.Between2002and2011，thewebsitewouldget11，000or

15，000hitsaday.Suddenly，inJanuary2011，clickstothewebsitewentupto600，

000inoneday.OvernighthebecameUncleHanzi，anicknamegivenbyChinese

netizens，afteroneofthemsharedhiswebsiteonChinesesocialmedia.

Inadditiontothewebsite，inSeptemberlastyear，Searssetuphisstudio，focusing

onapplyingAR，animationandartificialintelligencetotellingstoriesofChinese

cultureandcharacterorigins，inNanjingaspartofthelocalauthority’splanto

cultivatetalentintheculturesector.“Theyhavebothentertainmentvalueforyoung

ChineseandeducationalvalueandcanteachtheoriginsofChinesecharacters，”he

says.“Wealsowanttomakevideoswithahigheducationalvalueforotherplatforms

bothforChineseandforeignlearnersofChinesecharacters.”

【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍71岁的理查德·西尔斯专注于研究

汉字背后的故事。

8.WhatdoweknowaboutRichardSears?

A.HelearnedChinesetoimprovehisphysics.

B.HehasmadeanexplorationintoChinesecharacters.

C.HewasfluentinreadingChinesefromthebeginning.

D.Hewasconcernedaboutthespreadofhismothertongue.

答案B[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Forthepastthreedecades...tellingthe

storiesbehindChinesecharacters.”和第二段中的“ToSears，thecharacterswere

complexwithmanystrokesandalmostnoapparentlogic.”可知，理查德·西尔斯对汉

字进行了探索。]

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ones”inParagraph3referto?

A.Explanations.B.Characters.

C.Pictographs.D.Languages.

答案A[词义猜测题。根据第三段划线词前句“Ashestudied，Searsrealized

quicklythatmanyoftheexplanationscouldnotpossiblybetrue.”可知，为了挑选出

好的解释，他决定将这些汉字电脑化。所以ones指代前句中的“explanations(解

释)”。]

10.WhatcanbeinferredaboutSears’website?

A.Ithasmadeabigprofitfromnetizensvisitingit.

B.Itgainedpopularityshortlyafterbeingestablished.

C.ItfocusesonthesimplificationofChinesecharacters.

D.ItbringstheevolvementofChinesecharacterstothepublic.

答案D[推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Hefinallygothiswebsiteupin

2002...freetheevolvementofChinesecharactersinvariousforms.”可推断，西尔斯的

网站把汉字的演变带给了大众。]

11.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeRichardSears?

A.Enthusiasticanddevoted.B.Wisebutcareless.

C.Ambitiousandhumorous.D.Generousbutstubborn.

答案A[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Forthepastthreedecades...tellingthe

storiesbehindChinesecharacters.”和第四段中的“Hefinallygothiswebsiteupin

2002...freetheevolvementofChinesecharactersinvariousforms.”可知，理查德·西尔

斯一直专注于讲述汉字背后的故事并让访问者免费查看各种形式的汉字的演变，

从而推断说明他对汉字的研究富有热情且乐于奉献。]

Ⅱ.七选五

(2024·浙江四校5月联考)

Asmuchas80percentofprematureheartdiseaseispreventablebymaking

specificlifestylechoices.1Butothersmaynothavecrossedyourmind.“Asmall

changeinyoureverydayroutinecanpotentiallyhaveabigimpactinthelongrun，”

sayspreventivecardiologistDr.BethAbramson.

·Geteighthoursofsleep.

“Whenyou’renotrested,everythingthathappensinyourlifeisalotmore

stressful，”saysDr.AryaSharma,aprofessorofmedicineattheUniversityof

Alberta.Ifwe’resleepdeprived,ourbodiesalsohavemoredifficultycontrollingblood

pressure,inflammationandglucoselevels.2

·3

Doinggoodforothershelpsyourself－esteemandrelievesstress.Research

publishedinPsychosomaticMedicinein2016showedthatafeelingofpurposeinlife

islinkedtoalowerlikelihoodofheartattackandstroke.“Weknowthatlonelinessisa

riskfactorforhearthealth，”addsSharma.“Volunteeringgetsyououtofthehouse

andcreatesasocialnetwork.”

·Avoidpollutedair.

Exposuretothiskindofpollutionovertimeraisesyourriskofheart

disease.InhalingcontaminantsformedfromchemicalslikeSulphur(硫)dioxide,carbon

andnitrogenoxidesmayirritatearteries(动脉)andincreaseinflammation.4Try

togetyouroutdoorexercisefarawayfromhighwaysandindustrialdistricts,andspend

moretimeindoorswhentheairqualityindexispoor.

·Eatbreakfast.

ArecentstudyintheJournaloftheAmericanCollegeofCardiologyfoundthat

healthypeoplewhoskippedbreakfastwerealmostthreetimesmorelikelytohave

heartdiseasesixyearslaterthanthosewhopartookinasubstantialmorning

meal.AccordingtoAbramson,youneedtoeatabalanceddietaspartofahealthy

lifestyle.5Ifyou’reeatingaproperbreakfast,you’relesslikelytobehungrylater