XXXX1012-Oracle数据库诊断事件详解(如何获取所有内部事件号)

/Oracle数据库诊断事件详解什么是Oracle数据库的诊断事件呢？简而言之的来说Oracle的诊断事件就是Oracle数据库中用于实现一些特殊功用的类别，一般主要用于实现以下几个方面的功用：改变Oracle数据库的行为启用收集Oracle数据库的跟踪或者调试信息启用对Oracle数据库的额外的错误检测

一、Oracle数据库诊断事件简介

什么是Oracle数据库的诊断事件呢？简而言之的来说Oracle的诊断事件就是Oracle数据库中用于实现一些特殊功用的类别，一般主要用于实现以下几个方面的功用：

Ø改变Oracle数据库的行为

Ø启用收集Oracle数据库的跟踪或者调试信息

Ø启用对Oracle数据库的额外的错误检测如何去设置Oracle数据库的各种诊断事件呢？我们首先来给设置诊断事件下一个简单的定义，就是让Oracle数据库产生跟踪信息日志文件。设置诊断事件有如下的四种方法：

Ø在INIT或者SPFILE初始化文件中设置

这种设置的诊断事件都是针对于整个实例的：

event='eventtracenamecontextforever,levellevel';

如果需要设置多个诊断事件，可以通过以下两种方法：

方法一：使用冒号分隔开两个诊断事件

event="10248tracenamecontextforever,level10:10249tracenamecontextforever,level10"

方法二：使用连续的行设置诊断事件

event="10248tracenamecontextforever,level10"

event="10249tracenamecontextforever,level10"

Ø在当前SQL会话中设置

针对整个实例的诊断事件的设置：

ALTERSYSTEMSETEVENTS'eventtracenamecontextforever,levellevel';

禁用设置的诊断事件：

ALTERSYSTEMSETEVENTS'eventtracenamecontextoff';

针对当前会话的诊断事件的设置：

ALTERSESSIONSETEVENTS'eventtracenamecontextforever,levellevel';

禁用设置的诊断事件：

ALTERSESSIONSETEVENTS'eventtracenamecontextoff';

Ø在另外一个SQL会话中使用DBMS_SYSTEM.SETEV存储过程设置

EXECUTEsys.dbms_system.set_ev(sid,serial#,,,'')

其中的SID,SERIAL#都是从视图V$SESSION中获得的。

Ø在另外一个会话中使用debug工具设置

对一个进程设置诊断事件：

ORADEBUGEVENTeventTRACENAMECONTEXTFOREVER,LEVELlevel

禁用设置的诊断事件：

ORADEBUGEVENTeventTRACENAMECONTEXTOFF

对一个会话设置诊断事件：

ORADEBUGSESSION_EVENTeventTRACENAMECONTEXTFOREVER,LEVELlevel

禁用设置的诊断事件：

ORADEBUGSESSION_EVENTeventTRACENAMECONTEXTOFF注：在Oracle8i以上的版本中，是使用sysdba权限的用户登陆sqlplus后执行ORADEBUG命令；在Oracle7.3/8.0的版本中，是使用internal用户登陆svrmgrl后执行ORADEBUG命令；在更早的Oracle版本中使用ORADBX(ORAMBX在VMS系统上)。因为oradebug允许在另外的会话中设置诊断事件，这样就可以跟踪一些平时不太trace的会话，例如对export工具的诊断。诊断事件可以分成会话级的诊断事件和进程级的诊断事件，进程级的诊断事件是可以在INIT初始化参数文件中设定，会话级的诊断事件则可以使用"altersession..."或者"altersystem..."命令来设定。Oracle数据库在检测诊断事件的时候都是先检测会话级的诊断事件，然后再检测进程级的诊断事件。对于设置Oracle数据库的诊断事件都必须遵循一定的语法，例如在会话级别上设置诊断事件可以按照以下的语法来设置：

altersessionsetevents'10181tracenamecontextforever,level1000';

而同样的诊断事件在INIT初始化参数文件中就应该按照以下语法设置：

event="10181tracenamecontextforever,level1000"

在INIT初始化参数文件中设置诊断事件的时候，一般来说最好在诊断事件后加上相关的注释，注释的内容一般来说应该包括诊断事件的作用、为什么要使用这个诊断事件以及设置诊断事件的时间。

下面这个图是关于设置诊断事件的语法表：

诊断事件规定的语法为：

{:}*

EventName:它代表关联事件的符号名或者是一个事件号。如果是immediate，代表是一个立即无条件的诊断事件，不用去等待任何人发布它；也可以是指定的Oracle错误号码，还可以是具体的事件名。

Action：分为和。ActionKeyWord的值可以是trace、debugger、crash，而qualifiers的语法则是依赖于具体的Action。

Ø当为crash的时候，语法为：

""(默认为空)|"off"(在等待事件中禁用crash)|"aftertimes"(发生此事件N次后crash)

Ø当为debugger的时候，语法为：

""(默认为空)|"off"(在等待事件中禁用debugger)|"aftertimes"(发生此事件N次后debugger)|"forever"(一旦开始debugger,以后每次发生事件时都要debugger)|"lifetime"(一旦开始debugger,以后N次发生事件时都要debugger，然后在此诊断事件中禁用debugger)

Ø当为trace的时候，语法为：

"name"{,}*

TraceName:是关联内部trace号的符号名。其中，context是一种特殊的tracename，它不会去调用调试dump操作，但是却会返回给发起诊断事件者是否context跟踪被激活，跟踪是什么级别的。跟踪的级别是指dump程序内部使用来控制dump出来详细信息的级别，通常来说，级别越高，dump出来的信息就会越详细，最低级别是1。All是另外一种特殊的tracename，它意味着通过"ksdtradv"宏在编译的时候声明所有的tracenames。如果在诊断事件中关联多余一个以上的trace，至少有一个应该是context，相应的，诊断事件中最后一个关联的动作将返回跟踪的级别，而且在不同的调用中诊断事件号最好唯一。

tracequalifier的语法为：

""(默认为空)|"off"(在等待事件中禁用这个trace)|"aftertimes"(发生此事件N次后开始trace)|"forever"(一旦激活trace,以后每次发生事件时都要trace)|"lifetime"(一旦开始trace,以后N次成功发生事件时都要trace，然后在此诊断事件中禁用trace)|"level"(当trace第一次被激活，设置初始化级别为N，之后激活的trace的级别则由tracetype来决定)|"type"(如何修改以后激活的trace的级别)

tracetype：

"increment"升高级别直至最高

"decrement"降低级别到0并且禁用

"constant"保持级别不变

此外，对于trace的指定，如果设置诊断事件是immediate，那么意味着trace将不会等待诊断事件，在tracequalifier中只需要设置trace的级别，lifetime默认为1。对于设置诊断事件，Oracle数据库提供了四个跟踪信息的类别可以供我们来使用：

Ø类别一：DumpSomething

这个类别的Trace文件是无条件立即生成的，一般都是dump出Oracle数据库的数据，例如查看重做日志文件的头或者是查看控制文件中的内容等。这类的诊断事件是不可以在INIT或者SPFILE的初始化参数文件中指定的。

Ø类别二：TraponError

这个类别的诊断事件是让Oracle每次生成一个errorstack的错误信息的trace文件。

Ø类别三：Changeexecutionpath

这个类别的诊断事件主要是用于修改某些代码段的可执行路径。例如，设置诊断事件10269就可以让Oracle数据库的后台SMON进程不再进行自由空间的重组的操作。

Ø类别四：Tracesomething

这个类别的诊断事件主要是用于某种特殊的目的而需要获取相应的trace信息，例如对sql调优。最常见的诊断事件10046就是让Oracle数据库去跟踪每条执行的sql语句的访问路径。

每种类别的诊断事件都有一种或者多种级别，级别有以下四种表现形式：

ØRange，例如从1到10

Øbitmask例如0x010x020x040x080x10

Øflag例如0代表off，1代表on

Øidentifier例如objectid,memoryaddress等等在设置使用各种诊断事件的时候，有一些事项是需要注意的：

Ø确定使用的诊断事件对于当前的Oracle数据库版本是合法的：因为对于不同版本的Oracle数据库来说，诊断事件的含义和用法都有所不同。

Ø确定使用的诊断事件允许设定的级别，在很多时候设定的级别不同是会影响到诊断事件所代表的行为的。

Ø在INITSID.ORA文件中设置的任何诊断事件，如果Oracle数据库需要升级，一定要提前注释或者取消。

大局部的诊断事件的数值都是在10000至10999范围内，使用如下的脚本可以查看到所有的诊断事件：

SETSERVEROUTPUTON

DECLARE

err_msgVARCHAR2(120);

BEGIN

dbms_output.enable(1000000);

FORerr_numIN10000..10999

LOOP

err_msg:=SQLERRM(-err_num);

IFerr_msgNOTLIKE'%Message'||err_num||'notfound%'THEN

dbms_output.put_line(err_msg);

ENDIF;

ENDLOOP;

END;

/

在UNIX系统中，可以在$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/mesg/oraus.msg这个文件中找到所有的诊断事件的名称和定义。使用如下脚本可以输出所有的详细的诊断事件的信息：

event=10000

while[$event-ne10999]

do

event=`expr$event+1`

oerrora$event

done使用如下脚本可以检查当前会话中设置了哪些诊断事件：

SETSERVEROUTPUTON

DECLARE

l_levelNUMBER;

BEGIN

FORl_eventIN10000..10999

LOOP

dbms_system.read_ev(l_event,l_level);

IFl_level>0THEN

dbms_output.put_line('Event'||TO_CHAR(l_event)||

'issetatlevel'||TO_CHAR(l_level));

ENDIF;

ENDLOOP;

END;

/大局部的诊断事件的数值都是在10000至10999范围内，使用如下的脚本可以查看到所有的诊断事件：SETSERVEROUTPUTONDECLAREerr_msgVARCHAR2(120);BEGINdbms_output.enable(1000000);FORerr_numIN10000..10999LOOPerr_msg:=SQLERRM(-err_num);IFerr_msgNOTLIKE'%Message'||err_num||'notfound%'THENdbms_output.put_line(err_msg);ENDIF;ENDLOOP;END;/ORA-10000:controlevent,name'control_file'ORA-10001:controlevent1ORA-10002:controlevent2ORA-10003:controlevent3ORA-10004:blockrecoverytesting-internalerrorORA-10005:tracelatchoperationsfordebuggingORA-10006:blockrecoverytesting-externalerrorORA-10007:logswitchdebugcrashafternewlogselect,threadORA-10008:logswitchdebugcrashafternewlogheaderwrite,threadORA-10009:logswitchdebugcrashafteroldlogheaderwrite,threadORA-10010:BeginTransactionORA-10011:EndTransactionORA-10012:AbortTransactionORA-10013:InstanceRecoveryORA-10014:RollBacktoSavePointORA-10015:UndoSegmentRecoveryORA-10016:UndoSegmentextendORA-10017:UndoSegmentWrapORA-10018:DataSegmentCreateORA-10020:partiallinkrestoredtolinkedlist(KSG)ORA-10021:KSTeventtotracecontrolwritesandreadsORA-10022:tracektsgspORA-10023:CreateSaveUndoSegmentORA-10024:WritetoSaveUndoORA-10026:ApplySaveUndoORA-10027:SpecifyDeadlockTraceInformationtobeDumpedORA-10028:Dumptraceinformationduringlock/resourcelatchcleanupORA-10029:sessionlogon(KSU)ORA-10030:sessionlogoff(KSU)ORA-10031:sortdebugevent(S*)ORA-10032:sortstatistics(SOR*)ORA-10033:sortruninformation(SRD*/SRS*)ORA-10035:WriteparsefailurestoalertlogfileORA-10036:createremoterowsource(QKANET)ORA-10037:allocateremoterowsource(QKARWS)ORA-10038:dumprowsourcetree(QBADRV)ORA-10039:typechecking(OPITCA)ORA-10041:dumpundorecordsskippedORA-10043:checkconsistencyofowner/waiter/converterlistsinKSQORA-10044:freelistundooperationsORA-10045:freelistupdateoperations-ktsrsp,ktsunlORA-10046:enableSQLstatementtimingORA-10047:traceswitchingofsessionsORA-10048:UndosegmentshrinkORA-10049:protectlibrarycachememoryheapsORA-10050:snipertraceORA-10051:traceOPIcallsORA-10052:don'tcleanupobj$ORA-10053:CBOEnableoptimizertraceORA-10056:dumpanalyzestats(kdg)ORA-10057:suppressinerrormessagesORA-10058:usetablescancostintab$.spare1ORA-10059:simulateerrorinlogORA-10060:CBOEnablepredicatedumpORA-10061:disableSMONfromcleaningtempsegmentORA-10062:disableusageofOSRolesinosdsORA-10063:disableusageofDBAandOPERprivilegesinosdsORA-10064:threadenabledebugcrashlevel,threadORA-10065:limitlibrarycachedumpinformationforstateobjectdumpORA-10066:simulatefailuretoverifyfileORA-10067:forceredologchecksumerrors-blocknumberORA-10068:forceredologchecksumerrors-ORA-10070:forcedataerrors-blocknumberORA-10071:forcedataerrors-ORA-10072:protectlatchrecoverymemoryORA-10073:latchcleanuptracingORA-10074:defaulttracefunctionmaskforkstORA-10075:CBODisableouter-jointoregularjoinconversionORA-10076:CBOEnablecartesianproductjoincostingORA-10077:CBODisableview-mergingoptimizationforouter-joinsORA-10078:CBODisableconstantpredicateeliminationoptimizationORA-10079:tracedatasent/receivedviaSQL*NetORA-10080:dumpablockonasegmentlistwhichcannotbeexchangedORA-10081:segmentHighWaterMarkhasbeenadvancedORA-10082:freelistheadblockisthesameasthelastblockORA-10084:freelistbecomesemptyORA-10085:freelistshavebeenmergedORA-10086:CBOEnableerrorifkkoandqkadisagreeonobysortORA-10087:disablerepairofmediacorruptdatablocksORA-10088:CBODisablenewNOTINoptimizationORA-10089:CBODisableindexsortingORA-10090:invokeothereventsbeforecrashrecoveryORA-10091:CBODisableconstantpredicatemergingORA-10092:CBODisablehashjoinORA-10093:CBOEnableforcehashjoinsORA-10094:beforeresizingadatafileORA-10095:dumpdebuggercommandstotracefileORA-10096:afterthecrossinstancecallwhenresizingadatafileORA-10097:aftergeneratingredowhenresizingadatafileORA-10098:aftertheOShasincreasedthesizeofadatafileORA-10099:afterupdatingthewiththenewORA-10100:aftertheOShasdecreasedthesizeofadatafileORA-10102:switchoffanti-joinsORA-10103:CBODisablehashjoinsORA-10104:dumphashjoinstatisticstotracefileORA-10105:CBOEnableconstantpredtransandMPswWHERE-clauseORA-10106:CBODisableevaluatingcorrelationpredlastforNOTINORA-10107:CBOAlwaysusebitmapindexORA-10108:CBODon'tusebitmapindexORA-10109:CBODisablemoveofnegatedpredicatesORA-10110:CBOTryindexrowidrangescansORA-10111:BitmapindexcreationswitchORA-10112:BitmapindexcreationswitchORA-10113:BitmapindexcreationswitchORA-10114:BitmapindexcreationswitchORA-10115:CBOBitmapoptimizationusemaximalexpressionORA-10116:CBOBitmapoptimizationswitchORA-10117:CBODisablenewparallelcostmodelORA-10118:CBOEnablehashjoincostingORA-10119:QKADisableGBYsorteliminationORA-10120:generaterelativefile#differentfromabsoluteORA-10121:CBODon'tsortbitmapchainsORA-10122:Disabletransformationofcount(col)tocount(*)ORA-10124:ForcecreationofsegmentedarraysbykscsAllocateORA-10125:DisableremotesorteliminationORA-10126:DebugoraclejavaxaORA-10127:DisableremotequeryblockoperationORA-10128:DumpPartitionPruningInformationORA-10129:AlterhistogramlookupforremotequeriesORA-10130:sortdisablereadaheadsORA-10132:dumpplanaftercompilationORA-10133:testingforSQLMemoryManagementORA-10134:tracingforSQLMemor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