英语国家概况课件 America The History

AmericaTheHistoryCONTENTS1234

TheThirteenColoniesWarofIndependencetoCivilWarAmericaandtheTwoWorldWarsPresentAmerica

1.TheThirteenColonies●In1492,ItalianexplorerChristopherColumbusdiscoveredthenewcontinentbutmistookitasIndia.1.TheThirteenColonies●BritaindefeatedtheSpanishArmadaandgainednavalsupremacyin1588.1.TheThirteenColonies●JamestownwasthefirstpermanentsettlementestablishedinNorthAmericabyEngland.Itwasstartedin1607bytheVirginiaCompanyofLondon,duringthereignofKingJamesI.JamestownwasfoundedforthepurposeoffindinggoldandsilverandestablishingatraderoutetothePacificOcean.ManyofthecolonistswereunpreparedfortheharshrealityoflifeintheNewWorld.Theirfocusonfindinggold,andthelackoffarmingskillscontributedtostarvationanddiseasethatcausedmanyofthemtodieduringtheearlydaysofthesettlement.1.TheThirteenColonies●In1620，thePilgrimFathersonashipcalledtheMayflower.TheyfinallylandedinPlymouth,Massachusetts,andsignedtheMayflowerCompact.●Till1776,therewerethirteenBritishcoloniesinAmerica.The13coloniesfoundedalongtheEasternseaboardinthe17thand18thcenturiesweren’tthefirstcolonialoutpostsontheAmericancontinent,buttheyaretheoneswherecolonistseventuallypushedbackagainstBritishruleanddesignedtheirownversionofgovernmenttoformtheUnitedStates.These13originalcolonies(NewHampshire,Massachusetts,Connecticut,RhodeIsland,NewYork,NewJersey,Pennsylvania,Delaware,Maryland,Virginia,NorthCarolina,SouthCarolinaandGeorgia)wereestablishedbyBritishcolonistsforarangeofreasons,fromthepursuitoffortunes,toescapefromreligiousprosecutiontothedesiretocreatenewformsofgovernment.●Typesofthethirteencolonies:•thecrown(royal)colonies•thechartercolonies•theproprietarycolonies请输入标题

2.WarofIndependencetoCivilWar●CauseofIndependentWar请输入标题

2.WarofIndependencetoCivilWar●CauseofIndependentWar●TheBostonTeaParty.OnDecember16,1773,theSonsofLibertyinBostondisguisedasIndians,infiltratedmerchantshipsanddumpedanentireshipmentofteafromtheBritishEastIndiaCompanyintoBostonBay.请输入标题

2.WarofIndependencetoCivilWar●CauseofIndependentWar●BostonMassacre.OnMarch5,1770,workersinBostondisputedwithBritishsoldiersoutsidethecustomshouse.Thesoldiersopenedfireonthecrowdinapanic,killingfivepeople.TheBritisharmywasforcedtowithdrawfromBoston.请输入标题

2.WarofIndependencetoCivilWar●ProcessofIndependentWar•TheFirstContinentalCongresswasheldinPhiladelphiafromSeptember5toOctober26,1774.WiththeexceptionofGeorgia,55delegatesfrom12othercoloniesattended.TheContinentalCongresshadaheateddebateoverIndependence.请输入标题

2.WarofIndependencetoCivilWar●ProcessofIndependentWar•In1775,shootingbrokeoutinLexingtonandimmediatelygrewintoseriousmilitaryclashes.请输入标题

2.WarofIndependencetoCivilWar●ProcessofIndependentWar●TheSecondContinentalCongressopenedinPhiladelphiaonMay10,1775,organizedtheContinentalArmyandappointedWashingtonascommander-in-chief.

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2.WarofIndependencetoCivilWar●ProcessofIndependentWarBattleofBrandyHarbourTheBattleofTrentonBattleofSaratogaBattleofYorktown请输入标题

2.WarofIndependencetoCivilWar●OutcomeofIndependentWarThewarofIndependencestartedin1775andendedin1783,lastingnearlyeightyears.ThetwosidessignedtheTreatyofParisin1783,inwhichBritainrecognizedtheindependenceofthecolonies.ThewarendedwiththevictoryoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.请输入标题

2.WarofIndependencetoCivilWar●SignificanceofIndependentWarThewarmarkedanewbeginninginAmericanhistoryandshowedtheworldthatajustcausewillsoonerorlaterwinout.Itisthefirsttimethatcoloniesdefeatedtyrannicaloppressorsandwonindependence,settingagoodexampleforothercoloniesintheworld.请输入标题

2.WarofIndependencetoCivilWar●GeorgeWashington

GeorgeWashington(February22,1732-December14,1799)wasthefirstpresidentoftheUnitedStatesandoneofthefoundingFathersoftheUnitedStates.Bornintoawealthyfamily,heservedascommanderinchiefoftheContinentalArmyintheAmericanRevolutionaryWarfrom1775to1783.In1787,hepresidedovertheConstitutionalConvention,whichestablishedtheConstitutionoftheUnitedStatesofAmericatoreplacetheArticlesofConfederation.HewaselectedPresidentoftheUnitedStatesin1789.Afterhistwotermsinoffice,hevoluntarilyrelinquishedpoweranddidnotseekathirdterm.HediedatMountVernononDecember14,1799.请输入标题

2.WarofIndependencetoCivilWar●JohnAdams

JohnAdamswasoneoftheauthorsoftheDeclarationofIndependenceandthesecondpresidentoftheUnitedStates.HismainachievementwastoleadtheUnitedStatesinitsdealingswithFrancetopreserveAmericansovereigntyandfreedom.Duringhistenure,theU.S.economyalsodevelopedfurther.However,hispoliticalcareeralsofacedachallengefromtherulingparty,whichultimatelyledtohisfailuretowinre-election.请输入标题

2.WarofIndependencetoCivilWar●ThomasJefferson

ThomasJeffersonwasthethirdpresidentoftheUnitedStatesandoneoftheauthorsoftheDeclarationofIndependence.Underhisleadership,hepromotedwesternexpansionandhelpedtheUnitedStatesachievetheLouisianaPurchase.Jefferson’spresidencyalsosawAmerica’sfirstdiplomaticvictory,theBarbaryWar.Jeffersonisregardedastherepresentativeoftheideaof“smallgovernment”,andhispoliticalthoughthashadaprofoundimpactonAmericanpolitics.请输入标题

2.WarofIndependencetoCivilWar●ThomasJefferson•LouisianaPurchase:TheUnitedStatespurchasedmorethan529,911,680acres(2,144,476km2)oflandfromFrancein1803ataboutthreecentsperacreforatotalvalueof$15million.Thelandareainvolvedinthepurchaseis22.3%ofthelandoftheUnitedStatestoday,whichisroughlythesameastheoriginallandareaoftheUnitedStatesatthattime.请输入标题

2.WarofIndependencetoCivilWar●ThomasJefferson

•WestwardMovementreferstothemovementofresidentsoftheeasternUnitedStatestothewesternregion,whichbeganinthelate18thcentury.ThewestwardmovementexpandedtheterritoryoftheUnitedStates,annexedland,developedthewesternregionoftheUnitedStates,andwipedoutmanyIndiancivilizations.请输入标题

2.WarofIndependencetoCivilWar●JamesMaddisonJamesMadison(1751-1836),borninVirginia,wasafoundingfatheroftheUnitedStates,servingasthefourthpresidentoftheUnitedStatesfrom1809to1817.HewasadelegatetotheConstitutionalConventionoftheUnitedStatesandoneofthedraftersandsignersoftheUnitedStatesConstitution,andisalsoregardedbysomeasthe“fatheroftheUnitedStatesConstitution”.HefoughtthewaragainstBritainin1812,andwontheeconomicindependence.请输入标题

2.WarofIndependencetoCivilWar●JamesMonroeJamesMonroe(1758-1831)wasanAmericanpolitician,lawyer,anddiplomatwhoservedasthe5thPresidentoftheUnitedStatesfrom1817to1825.MonroewasthelastfoundingfatheroftheUnitedStatestoserveaspresident,aswellasthelastpresidentoftheearlyVirginiadynasty.请输入标题

2.WarofIndependencetoCivilWar●JohnQuincyAdams

JohnQuincyAdams(1767-1848),borninMassachusetts,wasanAmericanpolitician,diplomat,lawyer,andsixthPresident(March4,1825-March4,1829),nicknamedthe“EloquentOldMan”.HewastheeldestsonofJohnAdams,thesecondpresident,andAbigailAdams,thefirstlady.Hewasalsoknownas“LittleAdams”todistinguishhimfromhisfather.请输入标题

2.WarofIndependencetoCivilWar●AndrewJackson

AndrewJackson(1767-1845),nicknamed“OldPeachWood”.SeventhPresidentoftheUnitedStates(1829-1837),founderoftheDemocraticParty.请输入标题

2.WarofIndependencetoCivilWar●JamesKnoxPolk

JamesKnoxPolk(1795-1849),borninNorthCarolina,servedasthe11thPresidentoftheUnitedStatesfrom1845to1849.请输入标题

2.WarofIndependencetoCivilWar●JamesKnoxPolkTheMexicanWarAfterTexasdeclareditsindependencefromMexico,theUnitedStatessignedatreatyofannexationwithTexas,whichMexicorefusedtorecognize.TheUnitedStatesandMexicoclashedin1846,andtheUnitedStateswonin1848.Underthetreaty,theUnitedStatesreceived529,000squaremilesofMexicanlandforanominalpaymentof$15million,andin1853theUnitedStatespurchased29,640squaremilesoftheKiraRiverbasinfor$10million.请输入标题

2.WarofIndependencetoCivilWar●AlaskaPurchaseInearly19thcentury,RussiawasinvolvedintheCrimeanWarwithBritainandothercountries,andAlaskawasoutofreach.Afteryearsofcontactsandlessthanamonthofnegotiations,onMarch30,1867,theUnitedStatesacquiredmorethan1.5millionsquarekilometersoflandfor$7.2million.AlthoughtheUnitedStatesSenatequicklyapprovedtheagreement,thefeewasnotapproveduntilAugust1868.Alaskawasadmittedasthe49thstatein1959.请输入标题

2.WarofIndependencetoCivilWar●CauseofCivilWarDifferenteconomicsystemsintheNorthandtheSouthDisputeoverslaveryNeedofindustrialization请输入标题

2.WarofIndependencetoCivilWar●ProcessofCivilWar

●OnApril12th,1861,rebelsfiredonFortSumter,andtheCivilWarbegan.请输入标题

2.WarofIndependencetoCivilWar●ProcessofCivilWarTheSouthwaswellpreparedforthewarandwasmainlyfightingdefensivelyonitsterritory.Withtheadvantagesofastrongmilitarytraditionandmanyexperiencedmilitaryleaders,theSouthwonmanyearlybattles.ButtheNorthenjoyedadvantagesofalargerpopulationandgreatereconomicandindustrialstrength.Despiteitspotentialstrength,thewarwentbadlyfortheNorthinthefirst18months.请输入标题

2.WarofIndependencetoCivilWar●ProcessofCivilWarEmancipationProclamationIn1863,LincolnannouncedtheEmancipationProclamation,andfreed3.1millionofthenation’s4millionslaves.AssoonasaslaveescapedthecontroloftheConfederategovernment,theslavebecamelegallyfree.ItwasissuedasawarmeasureduringtheAmericanCivilWar.请输入标题

2.WarofIndependencetoCivilWar●ResultofCivilWarIn1863,theUnionArmydefeatedtheConfederateArmyatGettysburg.In1865,afterthefallofRichmond,theSouthsurrenderedtotheNorth,thewarwasover.请输入标题

2.WarofIndependencetoCivilWar●SignificanceofCivilWarThewarbroughttheslaverysystemtoanendintheUnitedStatesandunitedthenationonceagain.Abolitionofslaverypavedthewayforfurthercapitalistdevelopment.请输入标题

2.WarofIndependencetoCivilWar●SignificanceofCivilWarTheUnitedstateswitnessedanotherupsurgeofwestwardmovementduetothehomesteadlaw.LegendaryheroesknownascowboysplayedanimportantroleindevelopingtheFarWest.●AftertheCivilWarEconomicDevelopmentSocialreformsDuringIndustrializationTheGrowthofImperialism请输入标题3.AmericaandtheTwoWorldWars●TheUnitedStatesduringWorldWarⅠTheFirstWorldWarbrokeoutonJuly28,

1914andendedonNovember11,1918,

lastingformorethanfouryears.Duringthefirstthreeyearsofthewar,

theUnitedStatesstillclungtoitstraditionalisolationandtookaneutralpolicy,

anditmadehugeprofitsbysellingmunitionstotheallies.

Butlater,thesituationchangedandtoprotectitsinterests,Americahadtoenterthewar.WiththesupportofmostAmericans,theU.S.PresidentWilsonaskedtheCongressforadeclarationofwaragainstGermanyinApril,1917.America’sstrongeconomyprovidedgreathelpforthealliesand

in1918,thewarendedwithavictoryoftheallies.请输入标题3.AmericaandtheTwoWorldWars●TheUnitedStatesafterWorldWarⅠIndustrialprogressChangesincultureTheLostGenerationTheGreatDepressionandFranklinRoosevelt’sNewDeal请输入标题3.AmericaandtheTwoWorldWars●TheUnitedStatesduringWorldWarⅡAtthebeginningofthewar,Americakeptitsneutralitytowardthewar.TheattackonPearlHarboronDecember7,1941,dramaticallyalteredAmerica’sstance.PresidentRooseveltdeliveredhisfamous“DayofInfamy”speechthefollowingday,askingCongresstodeclarewaronJapan.ThismarkedtheUnitedStates’officialentryintoWorldWarII.

OnAugust6thand9th,1945,TheU.S.droppedtwoatombombsonthecitiesofHiroshimaandNagasaki.OnAugust14th,JanpansurrenderedandWorldWarIIended.请输入标题3.AmericaandtheTwoWorldWars●TheUnitedStatesafterWorldWarⅡColdwarandAmerica’scontainmentMcCarthyEraCubanMissileCrisisJohnKennedyandNewFrontierDemandsforReformTheCivilRightsMovementTheWomen’sMovementTheYouthMovementTheBeatGenerationTheVietnamWarTheWatergateAffair请输入标题

4.PresentAmerica●JimmyCarterJimmyCarter(bornOctober1,1924inPlains,Georgia)wasanAmericanpoliticianandactivistwhoservedasthe39thPresidentoftheUnitedStates(January20,1977-January20,1981).Afterleavingoffice,Cartertraveledtheworldandotherplacestomediateonbehalfofpartiestoconflicts.HewasawardedtheNobelPeacePrizein2002.

●RonaldReaganRonaldWilsonReagan(1911-2004),borninTampico,Illinois,wasanIrish-bornAmericanpoliticianandactor.Heservedasthe40thPresidentoftheUnitedStatesfrom1981to1989.ReagandiedathishomeonJune5,2004,attheageof93.

4.PresentAmerica●

GeorgeHerbertWalkerBush

GeorgeHerbertWalkerBush(1924-2018)wasanAmericanpoliticianwhoservedasthe51stand41stPresidentoftheUnitedStatesfrom1989to1993.OntheeveningofNovember30,2018,Bushpassedawayattheageof94.●

BillClintonWilliamJeffersonClinton(bornAugust19,1946inHope,Arkansas,UnitedStates)isanAmericanDemocraticpolitician.Hewasthe42ndPresidentoftheUnitedStatesselectedin1992,andthenwasre-electedin1996.

4.PresentAmerica●

GeorgeWalkerBush

GeorgeW.Bush,the43rdpresidentoftheUnitedStatesfrom2001to2009.isthefirstsonofformerpresidentGeorgeH,W.Bush.Inacloseandcontroversialelection,BushwaselectedtothePresidencyin2000astheRepublican