句子成分课件高一英语初高衔接课程

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sentence句子成分Nothingisdifficulttoawillingheart.angrylargelyunconcious无意识的arriveTomseeminhardmeatveryistheGreatWallhehappiness名词n.Tom,happiness,theGreatWall代词pron.he,me形容词adj.angry,unconscious介词prep.at,in动词verbarrive,seem,is副词adv.very,hard,largely句子成分主语subject谓语verb表语predicative宾语object宾语补足语objectcomplement定语attributive状语adverbial同位语appositive01主语1.主语(subject)主语表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物。Researchersarehopingtofindacureforthedisease.Iregisteredthecarinmyname.Toseeistobelieve.Cyclingandboatingaremyfavoritefreetimeinterests.Whoistobeinchargeofthecompanyhasnotbeendecided.ItisimportantforustostudyEnglishwell.名词代词动词不定式动名词主语从句一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，置于句首。形式主语真正主语02谓语2.谓语(verb)谓语用来说明主语做什么或怎么样。谓语实义动词助动词（be/have/do等+动词的某种形式）情态动词+动词原形及物动词vt不及物动词vi系动词can/could、may/might、must、will/would、shall/should、系动词分为四类:口诀：Be的一张脸,看似变不变.①be动词②感官动词：look,sound,smell,feel,taste;③表示好像：seem,appear④表示状态不变的:

remain,stay,keep,stand等；表示状态变化的:

become,get,go,turn,grow等。例：OurEnglishteacheristhirtyyearsold.Thecaketastesdelicious.02谓语2.谓语(verb)谓语用来说明主语做什么或怎么样。Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Ialwaysarriveatschoolat7:00.Tomshouldgivethetickettoyouyesterday.Hedoesn’tlikechemistry.Iamwritingnow.及物动词不及物动词通常由及物动词、不及物动词、情态动词+动词原形，助动词+动词的某种形式，系动词来表示，位于主语之后。助动词+动词原形情态动词+动词原形助动词+动词ing如何定位句子中的谓语动词——排除法1.主语前的动词不是谓语动词.Hearingthenews,Idecidedtotakealook.2.现在分词和过去分词前无助动词(have/be)，不是谓语动词Thegirlstandingoutofthedoorissmiling.ThebookwrittenbyLuXunwassoldout.3.动词不定式中的动词不是谓语动词.Tofinishtheprojectwilltakemetwodays.04宾语3.宾语(object)

宾语是动作，行为的对象。Hewrotemanyplays.Callmeanytime.Idecidetopickupanewforeignlanguage.Yoursuccesswilllargelydependuponwhatyoudoandhowyoudoit.宾语从句动词不定式短语名词短语代词一般放在及物动词或介词之后，由名词，代词，不定式，动名词，从句充当。04宾语3.宾语(object)宾语是动作，行为的对象。DO–directobject直接宾语

物

IO---indirectobject间接宾语

人

Myparentsboughtmeacomputer.间接宾语直接宾语03表语4.表语(predicative)表语用来表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征。Sheisadoctor.Theclothfeelssoft.Hisfavoritesportisrunning.Yourtaskistofindout

thecost.Sheisintheroom.Mybeliefisthatourcountrywillbecomestrongerandstronger.名词形容词动名词表语从句一般由名词、形容词等充当，位于系动词之后。介词短语动词不定式05宾语补足语5.宾语补足语(objectcomplement)

有些及物动词（短语）带了宾语后意义仍不够完整，还需要加上宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的行为、状态、身份或特征等。Hehasprovedhimselfanexperiencedteacher.Whenwegotthere,wefoundtheinjuredunconsciousandbleeding.Mymotheralwayskeepseverythingingoodorder.名词短语形容词介词短语宾语补足语通常放在宾语之后，一般由名词、形容词、介词短语、非谓语动词及短语等充当。Option0406定语6.定语(attributive)定语是用来修饰或限定名词或代词的。名词形容词过去分词定语从句applehappywhoisfromUSAfallenThesearetrees.Thisisafamily.Thefemaledesignermadeadeepimpressiononus.Theyarecleaningtheleavesintheyard.一般由形容词、名词、不定式、分词、从句等充当。07状语7.状语(adverbial)状语是用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或整个句子的成分。这种所描述的状态可以是：时间、地点、原因、程度、让步、比较、伴随。状语一般由副词、副词词组或从句来充当。Irunamarathonyesterday.HeworksinBeijing.Hewaitedbecauseoftherain.TheyoftenspendChristmastogether.Hespoketohimwithsmile.时间状语地点状语原因状语频繁程度伴随状语08同位语8.同位语(appositive)若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物，并且句法功能也一样，那么后一项称为前一项的同位语。Westudentsshouldstudyhard.ProfessorWang,afamousscientist,willgiveusatalktomorrow.小组讨论：分析下列句子成分。(1)Isawhimgoingupstairs.(2)Mydutyisto