北京市西城区2023-2024学年八年级下学期期末英语试题（解析版）

第1页/共1页北京市西城区2023—2024学年度第二学期期末试卷八年级英语2024.7注意事项1.本试卷共12页，共九道大题，55道小题。其中第一大题至第八大题为必做题，满分90分。第九道大题为选做题，满分10分，计入总分，但卷面总分不超过90分。考试时间100分钟。2.在试卷和答题卡上准确填写学校、班级、姓名和学号。3.试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。4.在答题卡上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。5.考试结束，请将考试材料一并交回。听力理解一、听对话或独白，根据对话或独白的内容，从下面各题所的A、B、C三个选项选出最佳选项。每段对话或独白你将听两遍.（共12分，每题1.5分）听对话，回答以下各小题。1.What’stheboy’shobby?A.Flyingkites.B.Paintingpictures.CBuildingmodelplanes.2.Wheredoesthegirlkeepherpaintings?A.Inherroom.B.Atthepark.C.Intheclassroom.听对话，回答以下各小题。3.Whenwillthewomanhaveatrip?A.Inthreeweeks.B.Intwoweeks.C.Inoneweek.4.Whatdoesthewomanhavetodobeforeleaving?A.Trainherdogandcattostayathomealone.B.Findsomeonetolookafterherdogandcat.C.Prepareherdogforaroadtripwiththeman.听对话，回答以下各小题。5.WhatcanweknowaboutSara?A.Shewaslateforschooltoday.B.Shehasn’ttakenanymedicine.C.ShewillfinishthereportwithTom.6.WhatwillTomprobablydonext?A.He’llgetsomerest.B.He’llcollectsomeideas.C.He’llvisitSaratomorrow.听独白，回答以下各小题。7.Whydoesthespeakergivethespeech?A.Toteachpeoplehowtoreadastorybook.B.Tointroducesomeinterestingwaystorelax.C.Toencouragepeopletokeepfitbydoingsports.8.Whatisgoodaboutthe“colorwalk”?A.Youcanworkonwhatyoulike.B.Youcanforgetwhoandwhereyouare.C.Youcangivefullattentiontothepresent.二、听独白，记录关键信息。本段独白你将听两遍。（共8分，每题2分）听独白，记录关键信息。本段独白你将听两遍。TeenTalkWhentohelp★Faceproblems★Needsomeoneto9Whocanhelp★Theuniversitystudentsgoingthroughmorethan10hoursofspecialtrainingWhatitcando★11andworkontheproblemswithyou★Offer12toimproveyoursituation知识运用三、单项填空（共10分，每题1分）从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.Mrs.Smithhastwokidsandsheoftenplaystenniswith________onSundays.A.him B.them C.you D.her【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：史密斯太太有两个孩子，她经常在星期天和他们打网球。考查代词辨析。him他；them他们；you你（们）；her她。根据“Mrs.Smithhastwokids”可知，此处应用人称代词的宾格them“他们”，指代史密斯太太的两个孩子。故选B。2.Duringthewinterholiday,myfamilytraveledtoHainan________plane.A.in B.on C.by D.to【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：寒假期间，我们全家乘飞机去海南旅游。考查介词辨析。in在……内；on在……之上；by通过；to到。byplane“乘飞机”，是固定搭配。故选C。3.BettyandLily________friendssincetheywere13yearsold.A.were B.are C.havebeen D.willbe【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：贝蒂和莉莉从13岁起就是朋友。考查动词时态。根据时间状语“sincetheywere13yearsold”可知，时态为现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作，持续到现在。故选C。4.—Dad,thisblackshirt________verysoft.Wouldyouliketotryiton?—No,thanks.Ipreferlightcolors.A.tastes B.sounds C.smells D.feels【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意：——爸爸，这件黑衬衫摸起来很柔软。您想试穿一下吗？——不了，谢谢。我喜欢浅色的。考查动词辨析。tastes尝起来；sounds听起来；smells闻起来；feels感觉到。空格后为“soft”，表达的是触感，故应用动词feels，即摸起来很柔软。故选D。5.—Tim,youneedtogonow,________youwillbelateforclass.—OK,mom.I’mleavingnow.A.or B.but C.and D.so【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：——Tim，你现在就得走了，否则你上课会迟到。——好的，妈妈。我现在就走。考查并列连词辨析。or否则，不然；but但是；and并且；so因此。根据“youneedtogonow”和“youwillbelateforclass”可知，现在就得走，不然就会迟到，用or表示“否则，不然”。故选A。6.—________doyoucookforyourfamily?—Abouttwiceaweek.A.Howlong B.Howmuch C.Howoften D.Howmany【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：——你多久为家人做一次饭？——大约一周两次。考查特殊疑问句。Howlong多久、多长；Howmuch多少钱，询问价格；Howoften多久一次，询问频率；Howmany多少，询问数量。根据答语“Abouttwiceaweek”可知，题干是询问频率。故选C。7.Irefuse________allthefriedfoodbecauseIwanttokeepfit.A.eat B.toeat C.eating D.ate【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：我拒绝吃所有的油炸食品，因为我想保持健康。本题考查动词不定式。eat动词原形；toeat动词不定式；eating现在分词或动名词；ate过去式。refusetodosth.表示“拒绝做某事”。故选B。8.—Sam,you________thetableyet.It’sallmessy!—Sorry,I’lldoitimmediately.A.haven’tcleared B.weren’tclearing C.won’tclear D.don’tclear【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：——Sam，你还没有收拾桌子。它乱七八糟的！——抱歉。我会立即收拾。考查现在完成时。根据yet可知，此处表示对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时。故选A。9.It________thewriterseveralmonthstofinishthebookRedStarOverChinainthe1930s.A.takes B.willtake C.hastaken D.took【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意：1930年代，作者花了几个月的时间完成了《红星照耀中国》一书。考查时态。takes一般现在时；willtake一般将来时；hastaken现在完成时；took一般过去式。根据“It…thewriterseveralmonthstofinishthebook

RedStarOverChina

inthe1930s.”句中时间状语inthe1930s可知，句子时态为一般过去时，take过去式为took。故选D。10.—Doyouknow________?—NextSundaymorning.A.whenwillwevisittheScienceMuseum B.whenwewillvisittheScienceMuseumC.whendidwevisittheScienceMuseum D.whenwevisitedtheScienceMuseum【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：——你知道我们什么时候参观科学博物馆吗？——下周日早上。考查宾语从句。宾语从句遵循“陈述语序”，可排除AC选项；根据“NextSundaymorning.”可知，事情发生在将来，从句需用一般将来时。故选B。四、完形填空（共10分，每题1分）阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。Samandhisfamilywerespendingtheirholidayattheseaside.WhenSamandhisgrandmastoodonthebeachwatchingthesunrise,aperfectshell____11____ashore(上岸).Samquicklypickeditupandturneditover.Inside,theshellwasaspinkasarabbit’sear!“Itisagiftfromthesea,”saidGrandma,“Takegoodcareofit.”“Iwill,”saidSam.Sam____12____showedhistreasuretohisfamily.Hisparentslovedit,buthisbrotherVikramthoughtitwasnothingspecial.Thenextday,Sam____13____theshellontheshelfintheircottage(小屋)andthenwentwithhisfamilytotheboardwalk.Vikramdidn’tgowiththem,becausehewasbusytakingpictures.Attheboardwalk,Samsawshellsonsale,butnonewereas____14____ashis.Backatthecottage,herantohisroomtoadmire(欣赏)theshell.Butitwasgone!“Dad,whereismyshell?”Samcried.“Wheredidyouputit?”Dadasked.“Iputitontheshelfbutit’snotthere!”answeredSam.Thensomethingcaughthiseye...underVikram’sbed.“Vikramtookit,”hesaid.“Ididnot!”shoutedVikram.“Iwastakingpicturesatthebeach.Whocaresaboutyour____15____shell?”Samdidn’tsayawordbutquietlyhidtheshellunderhisclothesinadrawer.Hecheckedonhis____16____twicebeforeeveryonewenttothebeachforthelasttime.Thatafternoon,Samandhisfamilypacked(收拾行李)togohome.Samopenedhisdraweronlytofindhisshellgoneagain.Duringdinner,Sam____17____hisfamily.Hethoughtsomeonewashidinghisshell.Who?Andwhy?Suddenly,hismissingshellwalkedintotheroom.“Look!”saidSam,pointing.Everyonelooked.Theshellthatwaspinkinsidenowhad____18____thatracedforthedoor.Itturnedouttobeahermitcrab.Everyonewasamazed.Samranoverandpickeditup.“I’llcallyouSandy,”saidSam.“Youcanliveatmyhouse.”“Healreadyhasahome,”saidGrandma.Sam____19____howhisshellhadwashedupfromtheocean.ThatwasSandy’srealhome.Thatwaswherehewantedtobe.“Grandma,willyoucometothebeachwithmeagain?Ihaveto____20____agift.”Grandmasmiled.11.A.drove B.swam C.washed D.pointed12.A.proudly B.shyly C.secretly D.politely13.A.found B.left C.lost D.threw14.A.special B.big C.clean D.strong15.A.perfect B.valuable C.dangerous D.boring16.A.shelf B.treasure C.surprise D.picture17.A.expected B.noticed C.believed D.studied18.A.legs B.hands C.ears D.eyes19.A.regretted B.imagined C.remembered D.discovered20.A.send B.receive C.offer D.return【答案】11.C12.A13.B14.A15.D16.B17.D18.A19.C20.D【解析】【导语】本文主要讲述了萨姆在海边捡到一个漂亮的贝壳，等到萨姆带它回家后才发现它是一只寄居蟹，萨姆最终决定将它放归大海。【11题详解】句意：当萨姆和他的奶奶站在沙滩上看日出时，一个完美的贝壳被冲到了岸上。drove开车；swam游泳；washed冲刷；pointed指向。根据下文“Samquicklypickeditup”可知，此处指贝壳被冲上岸。故选C。【12题详解】句意：萨姆自豪地向家人展示他的宝贝。proudly自豪地；shyly害羞地；secretly秘密地；politely礼貌地。结合选项和空后的“histreasure”可知，萨姆很喜欢这个贝壳，把它当做宝贝，所以此处应指他自豪地向家人展示他的宝贝。故选A。【13题详解】句意：第二天，萨姆把贝壳放在他们小屋的架子上，然后和家人去了海边的木板路。found发现；left留下；lost丢失；threw扔。根据空后的“theshellontheshelf”可知，此处表示萨姆把贝壳留在了架子上。故选B。【14题详解】句意：在木板路上，萨姆看到了出售的贝壳，但是没有一个像他的贝壳一样特别。special特别的；big大的；clean干净的；strong强壮的。根据下文“Backatthecottage,herantohisroomtoadmire(欣赏)theshell.”可知，此处表示萨姆认为出售的贝壳都没有他捡到的那个贝壳那么特别，所以他回到木屋就跑去欣赏他的贝壳。故选A。【15题详解】句意：谁在乎你无聊的贝壳？perfect完美的；valuable宝贵的；dangerous危险的；boring无聊的。根据上文“shoutedVikram”可知，维克拉姆很生气，所以他用于形容贝壳的词应该带有贬义，选项中只有boring符合语境。故选D。【16题详解】句意：在每个人最后一次去海滩之前，他检查了他的宝贝两次。shelf架子；treasure宝贝；surprise惊讶；picture图片。根据上文“Sam...showedhistreasuretohisfamily.”和“Samdidn’tsayawordbutquietlyhidtheshellunderhisclothesinadrawer.”可知，此处表示萨姆检查了他的贝壳两次，是把贝壳当做他的宝贝。故选B。【17题详解】句意：晚餐时，萨姆研究了他的家人。expected期待；noticed注意到；believed相信；studied研究。根据下文“Hethoughtsomeonewashidinghisshell.Who?Andwhy?”可知，萨姆认为是家里的某个人藏起了他的贝壳，他在思考是哪个家人以及他这么做的原因，所以此处表示他在研究他的家人。故选D。【18题详解】句意：里面粉红色的贝壳现在有了向门跑去的腿。legs腿；hands手；ears耳朵；eyes眼睛。根据空后的“thatracedforthedoor”可知，此处指腿。故选A。【19题详解】句意：萨姆记得他的贝壳是如何被海水冲上来的。regretted后悔；imagined想象；remembered记得；discovered发现。结合选项和“Sam...howhisshellhadwashedupfromtheocean.”可知，此处表示萨姆记得他的贝壳是如何被海水冲上来的。故选C。【20题详解】句意：我得归还一份礼物。send寄；receive收到；offer提供；return归还。根据上文“Itisagiftfromthesea”和“Grandma,willyoucometothebeachwithmeagain?”可推知，萨姆打算把他捡到的寄居蟹放回大海，而他的奶奶曾说过这是来自大海的礼物，所以此处表示归还一份礼物。故选D。阅读理解五、阅读选择（共22分，每题2分）A阅读下面每本书的内容介绍，根据人物的喜好为他们推荐图书，并将每本书所对应的A、B、C、D选项填在相应位置上。选项中有一项为多余选项。___21___Iwanttolearnaboutthegreatpeopleinhumanhistorywhohaveexplored(探索)theuniverse.Tony___22___Ienjoystoriesaboutfriendshipandpersonalgrowth.Betty___23___Iaminterestedinmusicandlovereadingstoriesaboutmusicians.LilyA.SHOOTYOURSHOTThisbookteachesyouaboutthemostimportantrulesthatthebestbasketballplayersuseintheirlives.Itexplainshowtherulescanhelpyougetthroughlifeandmakeyourdreamscometrue.B.SPACEOnly628peopleinthehistoryofhumanshavebeentospace.Inthisbook,anastronautnamedTimPeaketellstheirstories.Theyareallbraveandamazingpeoplewhohavemadeitpossibleforustogotospace.C.LISTENEvelynfellinlovewithmusicthefirsttimesheheardit.Shestartedplayingthepianoattheageofeight.Later,shebegantoloseherhearing,butEvelyndidn’tgiveup.Shediscoveredanewwaytohearandmadebeautifulmusic.DROLLERGIRLAstridandNicolearebestfriends.ButthingschangewhenAstridchoosesrollerderbycamp,andNicolepicksdancecamp.Thissituationteststheirfriendship.Luckily,bysummer’send,theylearnthattruefriendscheereachotheronwhiletryingnewactivities.【答案】21.B22.D23.C【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了关于打篮球、太空、倾听和朋友关系这四本书，根据人物喜好来匹配书籍。【21题详解】根据“Iwanttolearnabout…whohaveexplored(探索)theuniverse.”可知，Tony想要读的书是关于探索宇宙的，因此“B.SPACE”中的“Inthisbook,anastronautnamedTimPeaketellstheirstories.”与之相匹配。故选B。【22题详解】根据“Ienjoystoriesaboutfriendshipandpersonalgrowth.”可知，Betty想要读的书是关于朋友之间的故事，因此“D.ROLLERGIRL”中的“theylearnthattruefriendscheereachotheronwhiletryingnewactivities.”与之相匹配。故选D。【23题详解】根据“Iaminterestedinmusicandlovereadingstoriesaboutmusicians.”可知，Lily想要的书是关于音乐的，因此“C.LISTEN”中的“Shediscoveredanewwaytohearandmadebeautifulmusic.”与之相匹配。故选C。BThereisabusystreetcornerbesideabusstationwherekidschangebusesgoingtoandfromschool.It’snotaprettyplace.There’snoisytrafficandthenearbybuildingsaregrayandunloved.However,ithasapatch(小块地)ofbeauty—asmallgardencalledPete’sPatch.Peteisoneofthekidswhowaitheretochangebusesfornineminuteseachday.Inthepast,itwasn’tafunorpleasantplace.Therewasnowherenicetowalkandthepatchnexttothestationwaslitteredwithtrash(垃圾).Petehadnochoicebecausethiswastheonlyway.Hefeltlikehewaswastinghislifeaway.Therewasnothingtolookat,nothingtokeephimbusy,andhangingaroundlikethateachdaydrovehimmad.Heknewhecouldn’tdoanythingtochangethebuscompany’stimetable,buthecouldmakethenineminutesmoreenjoyableforhimselfandothers.Heaskedhismomforsometrashbags.Thatweek,hefilledhisnineminuteseachdaybypickingupthetrash.Ontheweekend,heaskedhisdadtodrivedownandtakethetrashbagstothedump(垃圾场).OnMondaymorning,thepatchlookedsomuchcleanerandnicer.Thennextweek,Petebegantopullweeds(杂草).Oneofhisfriendscametohelp.Soonthepatchwaslookinggood,butsomedirtywordsonthewallsofthebusstationwerereallymakinghimangry.Petehadanidea.Hepaintedamural(壁画)tocoverthedirtywords.Whenhestartedtowork,moreofhisschoolfriendsjoinedhimeachday.NowPeteandhisfriendsareproudofthatpatch,andtheysurearen’tgoingtoletanyonemessitup.Theyhaveevenplantedsomefreshflowers.Whilewaitingfortheirnextbus,theywalkthroughthepatchandcollecttrash.OneMonday,however,asherodethebustoschool,Petelooked,asusual,towardthepatch.Tohissurprise,therewasasignonit.Hisfriendshadpaintedit.Itread:Pete’sPatch.24.Whywasn’ttheareaaroundthebusstationapleasantplace?A.Becausethereweretoomanypeople. B.Becausetheflowersweren’tpretty.C.Becausethewallsweren’tcolorful. D.Becausetherewasalotoftrash.25.WhatdidPetedotomakethepatchlooknicer?A.Hepulledweedswithhisfriend. B.Heplantedflowerswithhismom.C.Hechangedthebuscompany’stimetable. D.Hetookapictureofthebusstation’swalls.26.WhichwordscanbestdescribePete?A.Hardworkingandshy. B.Humorousandsmart.C.Helpfulandcreative. D.Politeandbrave.27.Whatdoesthestorytellus?A.Timefliesbutmemorieslastforever. B.Goodfriendssticktogetherlikeglue.C.Parentsshouldalwayshelptheirkids. D.Alittleactionmakestheworldbetter.【答案】24.D25.A26.C27.D【解析】【导语】本文讲述了皮特利用等公交车的九分钟，和朋友一起在等车的地方捡垃圾、拔草和画壁画，把那个脏的地方变成一个漂亮干净的地方。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据“Inthepast,itwasn’tafunorpleasantplace.Therewasnowherenicetowalkandthepatchnexttothestationwaslitteredwithtrash(垃圾).”可知，公交车站周围不是一个令人愉快的地方，因为有很多垃圾，故选D。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据“Thennextweek,Petebegantopullweeds(杂草).Oneofhisfriendscametohelp.Soonthepatchwaslookinggood,”可知，Peter和朋友一起拔草，使那小块地方看起来更漂亮，故选A。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据“Thatweek,hefilledhisnineminuteseachdaybypickingupthetrash.”可知，皮特在那小块地方捡垃圾，让那里看起来很干净，因此他是愿意帮忙的。根据“Petehadanidea.Hepaintedamural(壁画)tocoverthedirtywords.”可知，皮特有了一个主意，他画了一幅壁画来掩盖那些脏话，因此他富有创造性。故选C。【27题详解】推理判断题。本文讲述了皮特通过自己的行动让一个脏的地方看起来很漂亮，因此D项“一点点行动让世界更美好”符合，故选D。CResearchshowsthatthediscoveryofexoplanets(planetsoutsideoursolarsystem)haschangedsciencefiction(小说).Now,booksandmoviespresenttheseplanetsmoreexactly,makingsciencefictionmoreimportantthanbefore.Imaginelearningaboutstarsinaclassroom.Youcouldstartwithcomplex(复杂的)picturesandfacts,oryoucouldwatchthemovieStarWarswhereLukeSkywalkerseestwosunsfromhishomeplanet,Tatooine.Whichwillmoreeasilyawakentheinterestofasleepyhighschoolclass?Sciencefictionhasalwayscaughtourattentionandithasinspired(激励)scientiststogofortheirdreams.Forthisreasonitissometimesusedtocommunicatesciencetothepublic,evencomplexideas.Tobesurethatthisisausefulway,itisnecessarytounderstandhowsciencefictionshowsactualscience.EmmaJohannaPuranenandherteamfromtheUniversityofStAndrewsandtheAustrianAcademyofSciencesdidsomeresearch,studyingalotofsciencefictionworks,includingnovels,movies,TVshows,podcasts,andvideogamestoseehowsciencefictionreflects(反映)realscientificdiscoveriesaboutexoplanets.“Moststoriesthataresetinspacewillfinallyhaveascene(场景)onanexoplanet,”explainsPuranen.“Thereasonforusingexoplanetsisthattherewasahugechangeinourscientificunderstandingin1995whenthefirstexoplanetaroundasun-likestarwasdiscovered.”“Traditionallyinsciencefiction,mostlytherehavebeenEarth-likeplanets,”explainsPuranen.“ButwhathaschangedsincethediscoveryofrealexoplanetsisthatthefictionalexoplanetshaveactuallybecomeabitlessEarth-like.”Accordingtorealscience,manyexoplanetsareverydifferentfromEarthandoftennotinthe“Goldilockszone”,whereconditionsarefriendliertolifeasweknowit.“Icanguessthatmaybewritersofsciencefictionarereadingalltheseheadlinesaboutworldsthatarecoveredinlavaorwhereit’srainingdiamonds,whichyouseeinthemedia,”saysPuranen.Sciencefiction,inaway,reflectstheknowledgeanddiscoveriesofitstime.Thismakesitavaluabletoolforsciencecommunication.Itcanintroducepeopletonewscientificideasinaninterestingandunderstandableway.Thisresearchhighlightstheconnectionbetweenscientificdiscoveriesandcreativity.Whileexploringtheuniverse,sciencefictioncandevelopcuriosity(好奇心)andmakefurtherresearchpossible,makingthesubjectofexoplanetsanimportantexampleofhowscienceandimaginationimproveeachother.28.ThewritermentionedthemovieStarWarsto________.A.explainwhatanexoplanetislikeinahumorouswayB.presenttheresultofthelatestresearchaboutexoplanetsC.showaninterestingwayofsharingsciencewitheveryoneD.introduceapopularscientificmoviebyafamousdirector29Howhassciencefictionchangedafterthediscoveryofthefirstexoplanet?A.ItgivesmoreattentiontoEarth.B.ItdescribestheEarthdifferently.C.Sciencefictionhaslostinterestinexplainingexoplanets.D.ExoplanetsinsciencefictionhavebecomelessEarth-like.30.Thewords“Goldilockszone”inParagraph6mostprobablymean________.A.aspacefoundonanexoplanet B.animportantpartofoursolarsystemC.anareawhichisgoodforscientificactivities D.aplacethatprovideslivingenvironmentforlife31.Thewriterprobablyagreesthat________.A.sciencefictionhasplayedanactivepartincommunicatingscienceB.scientificdiscoverieshaveslowedthedevelopmentofimaginationC.sciencefictionhasbecomelesspopularbecauseofscientificdiscoveriesD.newscientificdiscoverieshavemadesciencefictioneasiertounderstand【答案】28.C29.D30.D31.A【解析】【导语】本文主要讲述了外行星的发现改变了科幻小说，而科幻小说以一种方式反映了其时代的知识和发现，这使其成为传播科学的宝贵工具。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Youcouldstartwithcomplex(复杂的)picturesandfacts,oryoucouldwatchthemovieStarWarswhereLukeSkywalkerseestwosunsfromhishomeplanet,Tatooine.Whichwillmoreeasilyawakentheinterestofasleepyhighschoolclass?”可知，你可以从复杂的图片和事实开始，或者你也可以看电影《星球大战》。哪个更容易唤醒昏昏欲睡的高中生的兴趣？由此推知，作者提起《星球大战》是为了展示一种分享科学的有趣的方式。故选C。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段“ButwhathaschangedsincethediscoveryofrealexoplanetsisthatthefictionalexoplanetshaveactuallybecomeabitlessEarth-like.”可知，自从发现外行星，科幻小说中的外行星就不再像地球了。故选D。【30题详解】词义猜测题。根据第六段“Accordingtorealscience,manyexoplanetsareverydifferentfromEarthandoftennotinthe‘Goldilockszone’,whereconditionsarefriendliertolifeasweknowit.”可知，Goldilockszone是指一种地区，那里的条件对我们所知的生命更友好，结合选项可知，Goldilockszone可能意为“为生命提供生存环境的地方”。故选D。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Sciencefiction,inaway,reflectstheknowledgeanddiscoveriesofitstime.Thismakesitavaluabletoolforsciencecommunication.Itcanintroducepeopletonewscientificideasinaninterestingandunderstandableway.”可知，在某种程度上，科幻小说反映了当时的知识和发现，这使得它成为传播科学的宝贵工具，它能以有趣和易懂的方式向人们介绍新的科学思想。由此推知，作者认为科幻小说在传播科学方面发挥了积极的作用。故选A。六、阅读表达。（共10分，44-46每题2分，47题4分）阅读表达。Didyouknowtomatoketchup,themostpopularsauce(酱),wasinventedinChina?Itdatesbackthousandsofyears.PeoplelivingalongthecoastsandriversofsouthernChinabegantomakethefirstketchupbysaltingandfermenting(发酵)fishandshrimp.Atfirst,thisearlyketchupwasknownonlyinsouthernChina.Afteraround200B.C.(HanDynasty),thefishsaucebecamepopularinthewholecountry,especiallyinaplacecalledFujian.There,thesaucegotthenameketchup,whichmeansfishsauceinHokkien,thelanguageofsouthernFujian.Later,peoplefromFujianbegantotraveltoplaceslikeIndonesia,wheretheybuiltfactoriesformakingtraditionalChinesesauceslikeketchup—andthat’swheretheBritishfirstdiscoveredit.Intheearly1600s,BritishsailorswhoweretravelingtoIndonesiabegantodevelopatasteforketchup.Theirfoodonshipswasboring,andketchupmadeittastebetter.Beforelong,theybroughtlotsofketchuphome.Butitwasexpensive,sotheBritishstartedtryingtomaketheirown.ALondoncookbookfrom1742hadaketchuprecipe(配方)withbeer,fish,mushrooms,andspices.Itwasinthemid-1800sthattheBritishstartedusingtomatoesinketchup.Thiswasdifferentfromthefishyketchup.Sincetomatoeswentbadfast,thecompany,Heinz,begantousevinegar(醋)inketchuptomakesureitcouldbestoredforalongtime.Inthelate1800s,ketchupproductionandpopularitybegantoriseinAmerica.So,themakersinAmericaincreasedketchupproduction,creatingrecipestosatisfyAmericans’taste.ItwasabitsweeterandthickerthanBritishketchup.Byaround1910,ketchupbegantolookliketheketchupweputonMcDonald’sfriestoday.However,therearealsosomedifferencesbetweentheketchupof1910andtoday.Intoday’sketchup,cornsyrup(玉米糖浆)isused,notsugar.What’smore,tomeetpeople’sneedsforahealthylifestyle,somecompaniesalsomakehealthieroneswithoutsugar.FromafishysauceinancientAsiatoa“goes-great-with-everything”sauce,ketchuphasalonghistoryfullofchanges.32.Whomadethefirstketchup?________________________________33.WhydidBritishsailorslikeketchup?________________________________34.Whendidketchupbegintolookliketheoneweeattoday?________________________________35.Fromafishysaucetotoday’sketchup,whatarethereasonsforchangingtheketchuprecipe?(Atleast3reasons)________________________________【答案】32PeoplelivingalongthecoastsandriversofsouthernChina.33.Becausetheirfoodonshipswasboring,andketchupmadeittastebetter.34.Byaround1910.35.Theketchuprecipewaschangedtomakeitlessexpensiveforlocalpeople,helppeoplestoreitforalongertime,andsatisfydifferentpeople’stastes.【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了番茄酱的由来及发展。【32题详解】根据“PeoplelivingalongthecoastsandriversofsouthernChinabegantomakethefirstketchupbysaltingandfermenting(发酵)fishandshrimp.”可知，生活在中国南方沿海和河流沿岸的人们开始通过腌制和发酵鱼虾来制作第一种番茄酱。故填PeoplelivingalongthecoastsandriversofsouthernChina.【33题详解】根据“Intheearly1600s,BritishsailorswhoweretravelingtoIndonesiabegantodevelopatasteforketchup.Theirfoodonshipswasboring,andketchupmadeittastebetter.”可知，他们船上的食物单调无味，番茄酱让食物味道更好。故填Becausetheirfoodonshipswasboring,andketchupmadeittastebetter.【34题详解】根据“Byaround1910,ketchupbegantolookliketheketchupweputonMcDonald’sfriestoday.”可知，直到1910年前后，番茄桨才开始看起来像我们今天吃到的样子。故填Byaround1910.【35题详解】根据“Butitwasexpensive,sotheBritishstartedtryingtomaketheirown.ALondoncookbookfrom1742hadaketchuprecipe(配方)withbeer,fish,mushrooms,andspices.”、“Sincetomatoeswentbadfast,thecompany,Heinz,begantousevinegar(醋)inketchuptomakesureitcouldbestoredforalongtime.”和“So,themakersinAmericaincreasedketchupproduction,creatingrecipestosatisfyAmericans’taste.”可知，番茄酱的配方被改变了，使其对当地人来说更便宜，帮助人们储存更长的时间，并满足不同人的口味。故填Theketchuprecipewaschangedtomakeitlessexpensiveforlocalpeople,helppeoplestoreitforalongertime,andsatisfydifferentpeople’stastes.书面表达七、根据中文意思和英文提示词语写出句子。（共8分，每题2分）36.旅行之前做好准备很重要。（getready）（汉译英）_________________________________________【答案】It’simportanttogetreadyforthetripbeforetraveling.【解析】【详解】为……做准备：getreadyfor；旅行之前：beforetraveling，根据句意可知，时态为一般现在时，Itisadjtodosth表示“做某事是……的”，It固定句型，togetreadyforthetrip是主语，is是系动词，important是表语，故填It’simportanttogetreadyforthetripbeforetraveling.37.老师总是鼓励我们参加课后活动。(after-classactivities)（汉译英）_________________________________________【答案】Ourteacheralwaysencouragesustotakepartinafter-classactivities.【解析】【详解】本句陈述一般事实，需用一般现在时。(我们)老师：ourteacher；总是：always；鼓励某人做某事：encouragesbtodosth，主语是单数，谓语动词用三单形式；我们：us，动词后用代词宾格；参加课后活动：totakepartinafter-classactivities，动词不定式作宾补。故填Ourteacheralwaysencouragesustotakepartinafter-classactivities.38.到目前为止，《猫和老鼠》（Tom&Jerry）已经流行八十多年了。（sofar）（汉译英）_________________________________________【答案】Sofar,Tom&Jerryhasbeenpopularforover80years.【解析】【详解】到目前为止sofar，流行bepopular，八十多年forover80years。根据语境可知，句中有时间段状语“forover80years”，故句子应用现在完成时，即“havebeen”结构，且主语为“Tom&Jerry”，故have应用第三人称单数形式has，故填Sofar,Tom&Jerryhasbeenpopularforover80years.39.好朋友不仅能分享你的快乐，还能帮你解决问题。（notonly...butalso...）（汉译英）_________________________________________【答案】Goodfriendsnotonlyshareyourhappiness,butalsohelpyousolveproblems.【解析】【详解】好朋友：goodfriends（此处泛指好朋友，所以应用friend的复数形式）；不仅……还能……：notonly...butalso...；分享你的快乐：shareyourhappiness；帮助某人做某事：helpsb.dosth.；你：you；解决问题：solveproblems（此处泛指问题，所以应用problem的复数形式）。结合语境可知，此处叙述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语goodfriends表示复数，所以谓语动词应用原形，notonly...butalso...用于连接并列成分，所以share和help都是本句的谓语动词，应用原形。故填Goodfriendsnotonlyshareyourhappiness,butalsohelpyousolveproblems.八、文段表达（10分）40.请根据中文和英文提示，完成一篇不少于40词的文段写作。所给提示词语仅供选用。在我们的人生旅程中，“做更好的自己”是一个永恒的主题：从学习新技能到发展爱好，从建立友谊到学会担当，都是不断克服困难、自我提升的过程。假如你是李华，学校英文网站正在开展以“Beabetterme”为题目的征文活动。请你向网站投稿，分享一次经历。内容包括：什么使你成为了更好的自己，你经历了什么，你从中收获了什么。提示词语：confident，experience，nervous，grow，improve。提示问题：1.Whatmadeyou“abetteryou”?2.Whathappened?3.Whathaveyoulearnedfromit?Beabetterme________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】例文BeabettermeTherewasanexperiencethathelpedmegrowup.WhenIwas13yearsold,myclasschosemetotakepartintheschoolspeechcompetition.IwassonervousandunsureofmyabilitiesthatIwantedtogiveup.However,withtheencouragementofmyclassteacher,Idecidedtotakeonthechallengeandworkedhardtoprepareforit.Duringthepreparation,Ibecamemorecreativethanbefore,andalsowasabletoexpressmythoughtsclearly.Finally,Igaveitmybest.AlthoughIdidn’twinfirstprize,Ibecamemoreconfidentandimprovedmywritingskills.Thisexperiencetaughtmesomethingaboutcourage,andthespiritofnotgivinguphelpedmegrowandbecomeabetterme.【解析】【详解】[总体分析]①题材：本文是一篇材料作文；②时态：时态为“一般过去时”；③提示：根据提示问题，介绍自己的一次经历(如何成为了最好的自己)，并讲述自己从中得到的收获，可适当发挥，注意行文连贯，表述清晰。[写作步骤]第一步，整体说明什么使自己成为了更好的自己；第二步，具体介绍自己的一次经历；第三步，讲述自己从中得到的收获。[亮点词汇]①choosesbtodosth选择某人做某事②takepartin参加③takeonthechallenge接受挑战[高分句型]①When