阅读理解（说明文）-2025年中考英语专项复习（解析版）

专题12阅读理解说明文

考情聚焦

课标要求

近三年全国中考阅读理解从体裁记叙文，说明文和议论文都是考察重点和难点；其次，阅读理解中相关词

汇的考察也是重点，尤其是说明文的词汇难度系数逐年上升，强调理解性。

考点

L说明文话题的分类；

2.说明文的架构；

3.说明文的理解性词汇；

考向

考向一：话题分类

1.Salthasalwaysbeenimportanttopeople.Inthepast,itwasasvaluableasgold.Overtheyears,

peoplediscovereddifferentwaystogetsalt.Someearlypeoplegotsaltfiromrocks.Inotherplaces,peoplegotsalt

fronwaterdriedup（耗尽）.Thenpeoplecouldthesea.Theytookseawaterandputitinthesun.Afteralongtime,

peoplecouldgetsalt.

Today,peoplestillgetsaltfromthesea.Butmostsaltcomesfromsaltmines（矿）andsaltwells（井）。Howdo

peoplegetsaltfromsaltmines?Theydigdeepintothegroundforit.Togetsaltfromthesea,peopleputtwopipes

（管子）intotheground.Waterissentdownthroughoneofthepipes.Andwaterismixedwiththesaltinsaltwells.

Itmakessaltwater.Thenthesaltwaterispushedupthroughtheotherpipe.Later,thesaltistakenoutofthesalt

water.Peopleonceworkedhardtofindandmakesalt.Now,peoplecanbuyitatanyfoodstore.

1.Someearlypeoplegotsaltfrom

A.flowers.B.fruitsC.treesD.rocks

2.Whydidpeopleputseawaterinthesun?

A.Togetsalt.B.Tocatchfish.C.Towashclothes.D.Towatercrops

3.Howdopeoplegetsaltfromsaltmines?

A.Bymixingsandwithgold.B.Bydiggingdeepintotheground.

C.Byputtingoilonrocks.D.Bythrowingstonesintothesea.

4.Whatistherightorderofgettingsaltfromsaltwells?

a.Thesaltistakenoutofthesaltwater.b.Waterissentdownthroughoneofthepipes.

c.Thesaltwaterispushedupthroughtheotherpipe.

A.a-b-cB.b-c-a.C.c-b-a.D.b-a-c

5.Thepassageismainlyabout

A.whodiscoveredsalt

B.whenwemadesalt

C.wheresaltcomesfrom

D.howmuchsaltweneed

【答案】l.D2.A3.B4.B5.C

【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了盐从哪里来的。

（1题详解】细节理解题。根据“Someearlypeoplegotsaltfromrocks"”可知，一些早期的人从岩石中得到

盐。故选D。

[2题详解】

细节理解题。根据"Theytookseawaterandputitinthesun.Afteralongtime,thewaterdriedup（耗尽）.Then

peoplecouldgetsaltw可知,是为了得到盐，故选A。

[3题详解】

细节理解题。根据"Theydigdeepintothegroundforit.Togetsaltfromsaltwells,peopleputtwopipes（管子）

intotheground.可知，人们通过深挖地下来从盐矿中获取盐。故选B。

[4题详解】

细节理解题。根据“Waterissentdownthroughoneofthepipes.Andthewaterismixedwiththesaltinsaltwells

Itmakessaltwater.Thenthesaltwaterispushedupthroughtheotherpipe.Later,thesaltistakenoutofthe

saltwater."水通过其中一根管子往下输送。在盐井里，水和盐混合。它产生盐水。然后盐水通过另一根管子

被推上来。然后，把盐从盐水中取出。由此可知，正确的顺序是:水通过其中一根管子往下输送一盐水从另-

根管子被推上来一从盐水中取出盐。故选Bo

[5题详解】

主旨大意题。根据“Overtheyears,peoplediscovereddifrerentwaystogetsalt",Today,peoplestillgetsaltfrom

thesea"以及全文可知，本文主要介绍了盐从哪里来的。故选C

真题透视

2.(2024广东中考真题)

WelcometoTopDiscoverySpace(TDs)!

Thisisagoodplaceforyouandyourkidstohavefunthroughdifferentkindsofhandsonactivities,including

experiencing3D-printing,doingchemistrygames,growingvegetablandexploringthesecretsofspace.

Alltheseactivitiesneedcloseparent-childcooperation.Itiswhatwevaluemost.Weorganizemanyactivities

forparentsandchildrentodotogether.TomakesureeveryvisitoenjoystheirtimeatTDS,wehavetoremindyou

tofollowtheserules.

Parentsshouldstaywiththeirchildrenduringthevisit.Forchildren'ssafety,parentsmustgothroughthe

instructionsfortheactivitiescarefully.

Allyisitorsarerequiredtoweairsocks(noshoesallowed)withinindoorareas.Youma.askourworkersat

thefrontdeskforapair.

Visitorsarenotsupposedtotakephotoshere.Ourteacherswillcatchyourunforgettablomentsduringyour

visit.Yourphotoswillbesenttoyoubyemailifyouneedthem.

Eatinganddrinkingisonlyallowedinthepicnicarea

Openingtime:9:00a.m.to5:00p.m.everyday!

Price:50dollarsforoneticket

Pleasenote:Oneticketcoversoneadultandonechild.Pleasebuyonemoreticketforanotheradultorchild.

6.WhatcanvisitorsdoatTDs?

A.Watch3Dmovies.

B.Takechemistrytests.

C.Learnaboutspace.

D.Makevegetablesalads

7.WhatdoesTDScareaboutmost?

A.Parent-childcooperation.

B.Children'slearningexperience.

C.Children'shealthandsafety.

D.Teacher-studentcommunication.

8.Whoisadvisedtoreadtheactivitydirectionscarefully?

A.Teachers

B.Children.

C.Workers.

D.Parents

9.HowmanyticketsdoyouneedifyougotoTDSwithyourparents?

A.One.B.Two.C.ThreeD.Four.

10.Whatkindoftextisthispassage?

A.Astory.

B.Adiary.

C.Anotice

D.Areport.

【答案】6.C7.A8.D9.B10.C

【解析】

【导语】本文是TopDiscoverySpace活动广告信息。

[6题详解】

细节理解题。I艮据“includingexperiencing3D-printing,doingchemistrygames,growingvegetablesandexplori

ngthesecretsofspace”可知，包括体验3D打印、做化学游戏、种植蔬菜和探索太空的秘密，故选

C.

[7题详解】

细节理解题。根据"Alltheseactivitiesneedcloseparent-childcooperation.Itiswhatwevaluemost.'"可知，

亲子密切合作是我们最看重的。故选Ao

【8题详解】

推理判断题。根据"Forchildren'ssafety,parentsmustgothroughtheinstructionsfortheactivitiescarefully.^^

可知，家长必须仔细阅读活动说明。故选D。

[9题详解】

细节理解题。根据"Oneticketcoversoneadultandonechild.Pleasebuyonemochild.”可知，一张票包括一

个大人和一个小孩。请为另一位成人或儿童多买一张宗。m以知不小…父母一起去TDS,你需要买2张票,

故选Bo

[10题详解】

推理判断题。本文是TopDiscoverySpace活动广告信息，所以是一则通知，故选C。

新题特训

3.Haveyoueverimaginedwhatbeescandowiththeirtinybrains?NowscientistsClintPerry,ascientist,hasspent

muchtimestudyinghowbeesthink.Hesaysstudyingbeesisnotverydifferentfromstudyingotheranimals.4tThe

maindifficultyistodesign（设计）anexperiment（实验）beeanandgetananswer.Butwecan*tusethesamewayto

togetananswerfrombees.Theyarejusttryingtogetsugar.Beeslikesugar.

Thefactthatbeeslikesugarishelpfulforscientiststodesignexperiments.Forexample,inoneexperiment

Perrygavebeesatask:tofinddelicioussugaronalandingplaceaboveablackbar（棒）.Perrymadethetaskeasier

orharderbymovingthelandingplacefartherfromorclosertotheblackbar.Hefoundthatbeeswouldavoidthe

taskwhenitwasdifficult.Andwhenthetestwaseasy,beeswouldtryit.

Asforhumans,wemightchoosenottotakeatestwhenweweren'treadyforit.Andwemightchoosetotake

thetestwhenwewerewellprepared.Inthesameway,beesseemedtomakedecisionslikehumans.

Perrypointsoutthatwearenotsurewhetherbeesactuallymakeathoughtfulchoicefromexperiments.

Novscientistsstilldonotknowhowbeesmanagetodosomuchwiththeirtinybrains.Butlearningmoreabout

howbees'brainsworkcouldhelpuslearndealwithinformation.

根据语篇内容，选择最佳选项。

10.WhatdidPerrystudyinhisexperiments?

A.Howbeessleep.

B.Howbeesthink.

C.Howbeesdream

11.WhatcanweknowfromParagraph2?

A.Beescantalk.

B.Beesarelazy..

C.Beeslikesugar.

12.WhatwouldbeesdowhenthetaskwaseasyaccordingtoParagraph3?

A.Theywouldtryit.

B.Theywouldavoidit.

C.Theywouldpraiseit.

13.Whafstheimportanceoflookingintobees'brains?

A.Ithelpsuslearnhowhumanbrainswork.

B.Ittellsushowtomakethoughtfulchoices.

C.Itletsusknowhowtodealwithinformation

14.Whereisthearticleprobablytakenfrom?

A.Atravelmagazine.B.Asportsmagazine.C.Asciencemagazine.

【答案】IO.Bll.C12.A13.A14.C

【解析】

【导语】本文是•篇说明文，介绍关于蜜蜂的，些信息。

[10题详解】细节理解题。根据“ClintPerry,ascientist,hasspentmuchtimestudyinghowbil4/19特・佩里花

了很多时间研究蜜蜂是如何思考的。故选Bo

【11题详解】

细节理解题。根据“Beeslikesugar.”可知，蜜蜂喜欢糖。故选C

[12题详解】

细节理解题。根据“Andwhenthetaskwaseasy,beeswouldtryit.”可知，当任务很容易时，蜜蜂就会尝试。

故选Ao

【13题详解】

细节理解题。根据“Butleamningmoreabouthowbees，brainsworkcouldhelpusleammmoreabouthowour

ownbrainsdealwithinformation.”可知，但更多地了解蜜蜂的大脑是如何工作的，可以帮助我们更多地了解人

类大脑是如何处理信息的。故选Ao

[14题详解】

推理判断题。本文主要介绍关于蜜蜂的一些信息，所以可能在科学杂志上看到这篇文章，故选C.

4.TuYouyou

Dateofbirth:30December,1930

Placeofbirth:Ningbo,Zhejiang,Chin.

Education:

1951-1955:BeijingMedicalCollege(nowPekingUniversityHealthyScienceCentre)

WorkingExperience:

1955-present:ChinaAcademyofChineseMedicalSciences

MajorAchievements:.

1969:Workedastheleaderofaresearchteamaimingtofightagainstmalaria（疟疾）

1972:ManagedtoextractqinghaosufromaChineseherb,whichisveryusefulinfightingmalaria

1986:GetaNewDrugCertificateforqinghaosu,bytheMinistryofHealthofChina

2015:WontheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine

2019:Namedfor"TheGreatestPersonofthe20thCentury^^

阅读以上简历，根据其内容判读下列句子正误。正确填（涂）A、错误填（涂）B。

15.TuYouyouwasbornin1930.

16.Beijingisherbirthplace.

17.TuYouyouhasbeenworkingfornearly70years.

18.Itsin2019thatshewontheNoblePrize.

19.TuYouyouisoneofthegreatestpersonsinthe20thcentury.

【答案】15.A16.B17.A18.B19.A

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了屠呦呦的个人信息，包括出生日期、籍贯、教育经历、工作经验及取

得的成就。

[15题详解】

细节理解题。根据“Dateofbirth:30December,1930”可知，屠呦呦出生于1930年。故填A。

【16题详解】细节理解题。根据“Placeofbirth:Ningbo,Zhejiang,China”可知，屠呦呦的出生地是浙江宁波，

不是北京。故填Bo

[17题详解】

细节理解题。根据“WorkingExperience:1955-present:"可知，屠呦呦从1955年开始工作，一直到现在，工作

了近70年。故填A。

【18题详解】

细节理解题。根据“2015:WontheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine”可知，屠呦呦于2015年获得诺贝尔

奖，不是2019年。故填B。

【19题详解】

细节理解题。根据“2019:Namedfor'TheGreatestPersonofithe20theentury”可知，屠呦呦是20世纪最伟大

的人之一。故填Ao

5.DumplingsaretraditionalChinesefood.Jackislearningtomakeadumplingmealforhisfamily.Pleasehelp

himchoosethreefromthefourpicturesandmatchthemwiththestepsbelow.

20Preparedumplingskins.Mixdifferentkindsofvegetablesandmeat

___21Putfillingsontodumplingskins.Foldthemintotheshapeofyuanba

22Putdumplingsintoboilingwater.Cookfreshdumplingsforabout5〜8minutes,andfrozet

dumplingsforabout10〜15minutes.

Don'tforgettoturnoffthefire!

【答案】20.C21.D22.A.

【解析】

【导语】本文主要介绍做饺子的步骤。

[20题详解】

根据uPreparedumplingskins.Mixdiferentkindsofvegetablesandmeat.v可知，准备饺子皮，混合不同种类的

蔬菜和肉类。选项C与之相符，故选C。

[21题详解】

根据"Putfillingsontodumplingskins.Foldthemintotheshapeofyuanbao.”可知,把馅料放在饺子皮上，把它们

折成元宝的形状。选项D与之相符，故选Do

【22题详解】

根据“Putdumplingsintoboilingwater.Cookfreshdumplingsforabout5-8minutes,andfrozendumplings

fbrabout10~15minutes.”可知，将饺子放入沸水中，新鲜饺子煮约5〜8分钟，冷冻饺子煮约10〜15分钟。

选项A与之相符，故选Ao

6.“TheGreenWallInitiative^^isaprojectthatencouragesstudentstoprotecttheenvironmentbycreatingtheir

owngardensonthewalls.Theprojectwasstartedin2007bytheAfricanUnion.UrbanMiddleSchoolinBeingis

thefirstonetotakepartintheprojectinChina.TheprojectinUrbanMiddleSchoolteachesstudentsabout

sustainable（可持续的）practices,plantcareandteamwork.Intheproject,studentsmakeplans.Apieceofwallis

giventoeachclass.ThenstudentsChooserightplantstogrowonthewall.Theytaketurnstotakecareoftheplants.

Theyalsorecordthegrowthoftheplants.

Theprojectisasuccess.Thoselivingwallsnotonlybeautifytheschoolenvironment,butalsohelpmakethair

firesherandlowerthetemperatureofthecity.Theyalsolearntoworkwithothersandtakecareoftheirown

community.Now,moreandmoreschoolfollowtheexample,hopingtospreadtheideaofenvironmentalprotection.

23.WhenwastheprojectstartedbytheAfricanUnion?

A.In2007.

B.In2010.

C.In2015..

D.I2023.

24.Whatdoesthewriterthinkoftheproject?

A.It'sboring.

B.It'seasy.

C.It'safailure.

D.It'sasuccess.

25.WhichofthefollowingcanbeputintoNo.3andNo.4?

ProjectTheGreenWallInitiativeinUrbanMiddleSchool

MemberTeachersandstudents

GoalToprotecttheenvironment.

Studentsmakeplans.

Apieceofwallisgiventoeachclass.

ProcessStudentschooserightplantstogrowonthewalls.

3.

Studentsrecordthegrowthoftheplants.

Theenvironmentbecomesbetterthanbefore.

4.____________Studentslearnaboutsustainablepractices,plantcare

andteamwMoreschoolstakepartintheproject..

A.Studentstaketurnstotakecareoftheplants.

B.Studentsfollowtheexamplesofotherschools.

C.Studentsdoscientifictestsaboutthetemperature

D.Studentscleantheirowncommunityatweekends

26.A.ExampleB.AchievementC.Reason.D.Difficulty

【答案】23.A24.D25.A26.B

【解析】

【导语】本文介绍了非洲联盟的绿色长城计划，同时介绍了计划对学生们的影响。

【23题详解】

细节理解题。根据“Theprojectwasstartedin2007bytheAfHcanUnion."可知绿色长城计划是在2007年批准

的。故选Ao

【24题详解】

细节理解题。根据“Theprojectisasuccess.”可知作者认为计划很成功。故选D

[25题详解】

细节理解题。根据“Intheproject,studentsmakeplans.Apieceofwallisgiventoeachclass.Thenstudentschoose

rightplantstogrowonthewall.Theytaketurnstotakecareoftheplants.Theyalsorecordthegrowthoftheplants.,,

可知学生们会制定计划，选定植物，学生们轮流照顾，然后记录成长。故选Ao

【26题详解】

推理判断题。根据"Theenvironmentbecomesbetterthanbefore."和"Studentsleamnaboutsustainable

practicesplantcareandteamwork.”可知最后一段介绍这次活动中取得的成就。故选B。

7.①Morethan100,000peoplecheeredatthebreathtakingmomentwhen3,000dronesflewover

ChaotianmenontheChineseNewYearEve.The15-minutedroneshowhad300millionviewsonline

（2）Infact,dronesareeasytooperate.Peoplesendorderstothecontrolsystem.Rotorspushagainsttheair

tomakethedroneriseorstayintheair.Bychangingtheangle（角度）andthespeedofdifferentrotors,thedrone

fliesinalldirections.

③Dronescancompletedifficultandspecialtasksinatimelyandeffectiveway

©Afteranearthquake,dronescanflyoverblockedroadstofindpeopleorrecordanypossibledanger.

5.Reachingthemountainvillagebyroadmaytakeseveralhours,butdronesprovideinformationinjustafew

minutes.Forweakwildlifepopulations,dronescanshowwherepoachersarehidingandiftheyarecarryingguns.

Atnight,droneswithinfrared（红夕卜线的）camerascaneasilyfindtheminthedark.

6.Dronesalsoprovideconvenienceforthepublic.Forexample,atasportsevent,dronesareusedtogiveaview

fromaboveorhelpcoachesseehowtheirplayersaredoing.

@Inaword,droneshavebeenwidelyusedinemergency（紧急情况）,environmentalprotection,

farmingtransportationandothers,withmorefieldsontheway.

8.Asdronesarecheaper,morepracticalandlessdangerousthanplanesorhelicopters,droneflightactivitiehave

becometheimportantdrivingforceforthegrowthoflow-altitudeeconomy（彳氐空经济）.Besideswell-knowileaders

likeDJI,morepioneeringcompanieshaveappeared.Attheendoflastyear,therewerenearly1.27millioregistered

（注册的）dronesacrossthecountry.Thedroneindustryisbelievedtobefullofchancesandpossibilities.

27.What'sthepurposeinwritingParagraph1?

A.Toprovidethebackground.

B.Toleadintothesubject.

C.Tocomparedifferences.

D.Tointroduceafestival.

28.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordupoachers"inParagraph5mean?

A.非法捕猎者

B.动物保护者

C.无人机驾驶员

D.野生动物管理员

29.Whatwillthewriterprobablydiscussafterthelastparagraph?

A.Thehistoryofthedroneindustry.

B.Theadvantagesofdrones

C.Thefutureofthedroneindustry.

D.Thestandardsofdrones.

【答案】27.B28.A29.C

【解析】

【导语】本文介绍了无人机的应用以及未来的产业。

【27题详解】

推理判断题。根据“Morethan100,000peoplecheeredatthebreathtakingmomentwhen3,000dronesflew

overChaotianmenontheChineseNewYearEve.”可知本文通过超10万人观看无人机在新年飞行的时刻，引出

对无人机的介绍。故选Bo

【28题详解】

词义推断题。根据“Forweakwildlifepopulations,dronescanshowwherepoachersarehidingandifthey

arecarryingguns.”可知携带枪支，猎杀野生动物的是非法捕猎者。故选A。

【29题详解】

推理判断题。根据"Thedroneindustryisbelievedtobefullofchancesandpossibilities.”可知最后一句介绍无人

机未来是充满无限机会和可能的，所以之后作者会介绍无人机未来的产业。故选C。

8.

WATERSAFETYFORALL

GensonDPEteacheslife-savingskillsFORALL.JoinusinJulyforFamilyWaterSafet

EducationandouryearlySafetyAroundWaterProgram

FamilyWaterSafetyEducation

Time:5:30〜7:30p.m.

Monday,July8:ReachorThrow,Don'tGo

FREEforDPEmembers

Community:$10adayfora

family

WednesdayJuly10:LifeJacketsandBoating

Friday,July12:OpenSwim

ParentMUSTbeinthepool!!

Sunday,July14:Celebration!

SafetyAroundWaterProgram

Time:4:45~5:15p.m.

5:30〜6:00p.m.

6:15〜6:45p.m.

July22-25,2024

Email:andy@

Forchildrenaged11〜14

REGISTERNOW

GensonDPE.com

Contact:AndyMarkham

XNotes:l.register（登记".contact（联系）

30.WhenistheCelebration?

A.OnSunday.

B.OnMonday.

C.OnWednesday

D.OnFriday.

31.AtwhatagecanachildjoininSafetyAroundWaterProgram?

A.6.

B.8.

C.10.

D.12.

32.WhatcanwelearnaboutGensonDPE?

AItkeepsopenallyearround..

C.Itprovidesfreeprogramsforall.

B.Itteacheslife-savingskills.

D.Ithastwoprogramseveryday.

【答案】30.A31.D32.B

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了家庭水上安全教育、水上安全计划项目

[30题详解】

细节理解题。根据“Sunday,July14:Celebration!”可知，庆典在星期天举行。故选A。

【31题详解】细节理解题。根据SafetyAroundWaterProgram中“Forchildrenaged11〜14”可知，11-14岁的

儿童可以参加水上安全项目。故选D。

【32题详解】

细节理解题。根据“GensonDPEteacheslife-savingskillsFORALL.”可知，GensonDPE教授救生技能。故选

Bo

9.It'salwaysagoodthingtohaveahobby.ForMissPatty,aschoolbusdriverinErieCounty,herhobbyofknitting

（编织）hasmadeherreallytouchthecommunity.

MissPattyalwayswantedtodosomethingwithhersparetimetohelpthestudents.Afteraconversation

withoneofthestudents,thingstookaturnfromknittingonehattoknittingmorehats.

“Theoneboygetsonthebus,andhegoes*whatareyo