语法填空之非谓语动词-2025年北京高考英语复习专练（原卷版）

重难点02语法填空之非谓语动词

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1备题趋势

考点五年考情(2020-2024)命题趋势

非谓语动词常考点主要为：动词不定式的功能，现在

非谓语动词的用分词和过去分词的用法区别及非谓语动词的时态、语态、

法(5年13考)省略等。该项内容考查考生在具体语言环境中理解句子结

构、分析句子成分的能力。

难诠释

解题技法

考向1填非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语的相应形式

提示词是动词时，分析句子成分已有谓语动词且没有连词，则考虑填非谓语动词形式。再通过分析句

子成分若是缺少主语或宾语，则考虑填动名词或不定式；若缺少表语，则需要考虑填动名词、不定式或分

词。

解题规则

1.非谓语动词作主语

一般情况下，动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性动作；而不定式作主语表示一次性的或具体

的动作。若不定式、动名词作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而把作真正主语的不定式或动名词后置。另外,

不定式作主语时通常指将要发生的动作，动名词作主语则表示已经完成的动作。

1.Ittookyearsofwork(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.

2.Whenandwheretostarttheprograms(remain)unknown.

3.--WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?---(lose)hernewbicycle.

4.It'snogood(regret)yourpastmistakes.

2.非谓语动词作表语

动名词作表语时，说明主语的性质或特征。

不定式作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作，或表示将来的动作。

1.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains(see)whethertheywillenjoyit.

2.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,(not,make)itmoredifficult.

3.Thestorywasso(move)thatallofuswere(move)totears.

4.Pleaseremain(seat);thewinneroftheprizewillbeannouncedsoon.

5.Sarah,hurryup.I'mafraidyouwon'thavetimetoget(change)beforetheparty.

3.非谓语动词作宾语

⑴不定式作宾语

下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀。

决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。

口诀

主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。

decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish;refuse,manage,care,pretend;offer,

promise,choose,plan;agree,ask/beg,help

此外，afford,strive,happen,wait,threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。

⑵动名词作宾语

①下列动词（词组）常接动名词作宾语

考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。

口诀避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。

禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。

consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse/pardon;admit,delay/putoff,fancy(想象，设

想)；avoid,miss,keep/keepon,practice;deny,Hnish,enjoy/appreciate;forbid,imagine,risk;

can*thelp(禁不住),mind,allow/permit,escape

②下列短语常接动名词作宾语

beused/accustomedto,leadto,devoteto,gobackto,stickto,objectto,getdownto,payattentionto,

can*tstand(无法忍受)，giveup,feellike,insiston,thankyoufor,apologizefor,bebusy(in),have

difficulty/trouble(in),haveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in),spendtime(in)o

⑶另外，有些动词或动词短语后面接不定式与接动名词意义不同

goondoingsth.继续做同一件事

goontodosth.做完某事后继续做另一件事

stopdoingsth.停止做某事

stoptodosth.停下来去做另一件事

trydoingsth.试着做某事

trytodosth.尽力做某事但不一定成功，努力地做某事

meandoingsth.意味着做某事

meantodosth.打算做某事

can*thelpdoingsth.禁不住做某事

can*thelptodosth.不能帮忙做某事

regretdoingsth.对已做的事表示后悔

regrettodosth.对要做的事表示遗憾

1.Theyfailed(grasp)theimportanceofhiswords.

2.Ifyouthinkthattreatingawomanwellmeansalways(get)herpermissionforthings,thinkagain.

3.—Look!Thewindowisopen.一I'msorry.Iforgot(close)it.

4.Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn'trisk(lose)thegoodopportunity.

5.Sometimesstudentspostpone(do)theirhomeworkuntilthelastminute.

6.“Notthatway,“mymomtried(stop)mebutfailed.Shewasright.Itdidn'tturnoutasIhadwished.

7.1remembered(lock)thedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice,butforgottoturnoffthelights.

8.Isn'tittimeyougotdownto(mark)thepapers?

9.Thechildrenarelookingforwardto(offer)Christmasgifts.

10.Havingbeenillinbedfornearlyamonth,hehadahardtime(pass)theexam.

考向2填非谓语动词作定语的相应形式

提示词为动词，通过分析确定填非谓语动词时，若所填非谓语动词修饰某个名词或代词时，则需要考

虑所填词作定语。此时需要考虑动名词、不定式和分词。

解题规则

表示被动、完成用过去分词(done)；表示主动、进行用现在分词(doing)；表示被动、进行用beingdone；

表示被动的动作尚未进行用tobedoneo

饰体现内心感受的look,expression,tears,smile,voice等名词。

1.Themeeting(hold)now/(hold)yesterday/(hold)tomorrowisveryimportant.

2.Theairport(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.

3.Theoldmantoldthestoryinavoiceandthelittlegirlfeltvery(frighten).

4.Thetrafficrulesaysyoungchildrenundertheageoffourand(weigh)lessthan40poundsmust

beinachildsafetyseat.

5.Theclub,(found)25yearsago,isholdingapartyforpastandpresentmembers.

6.Theoldladywassokindthatsheadoptedmany(abandon)catsanddogs.

考向3填非谓语动词作宾语补足语的相应形式

提示词为动词，通过分析确定填非谓语动词时，若所填非谓语动词对句子宾语起到补充说明的作用,

则需要考虑所填词作宾语补足语。此时需要考虑分词和不定式。

解题规则

L不定式作宾语补足语

常用不定式作宾语补足语的动词：advise,allow,appoint,believe,cause,challenge,command,compel,

consider,declare,drive,enable,encourage,forbid,force,hire,instruct,invite,judge,know,like,order,

permit等。

2.现在分词作宾语补足语

常用现在分词作宾语补足语的词语：feel,find,hear,notice,observe,see,watch,listento,lookat,get,

have,keep,leave,send,set等。

特别提醒:使役动词get,have既可以用现在分词作宾语补足语，也可以用不定式作宾语补足语。getsb.to

dosth./havesb.dosth.表示“使/让某人去做某事"；havesb./sth.doing表示“使/让某人/物一直做某事”，侧重

动作的持续进行；getsb./sth.doing表示“使某人/物开始行动起来％侧重动作的开始。

3.过去分词作宾语补足语

常用过去分词作宾语补足语的动词：have,make,get,行nd,see,notice,watch,hear,feel,want,like等。

用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

1.Withtheworldchangingfast,wehavesomethingnew(deal)withbyourselveseveryday.

2.Passengersarepermitted(carry)onlyonepieceofhandluggageontotheplane.

3.Robertissaid(study)abroad,butIdon*tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.

4.Shereturnedhome,onlytofindanumberofthings(steal/miss/go/lose)

5.1lookedupandnoticedasnake(wind)itswayupthetreetocatchitsbreakfast.

6.Themissingboywaslastseen(play)neartheEastLake.

7.Hegothisbadtooth(pull)yesterday,forithadcausedhimtoomuchpain.

8.WhenIcamein,Ifoundastrangegirl(seat)inthecorner.

考向4填非谓语动词作状语的相应形式

提示词为动词，通过分析确定填非谓语动词时，若所填非谓语动词在句子中不作主语、宾语、表语或

定语，则需要考虑所填词作状语。此时只需考虑分词和不定式即可。

解题规则

L分词作状语

分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，一般在句中作时间、原因、方式、条件、伴随等状语。

⑴现在分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是由句子主语执行的，它们之间是主动关系。现在分词的完成式即

havingdone表示动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。

⑵过去分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间是被动关系。

⑶某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，此时这些过去分词表示一种状态。这样的词(短语)有：lost(迷路的),

seated(坐),lost/absorbedin(沉溺于),dressedin(穿着),tiredof(感到厌烦),facedwith(面对)等。

2.不定式作状语

不定式作状语主要用来表示目的，有时也可以表示结果、原因等。不定式作目的状语时，常位于句首

或句中，形式上可用inorderto,soasto等来替换，但soasto不能置于句首。

1.Thelocalgovernmenthasdoneeverythingitcan(save)theburiedminers.

2.(accept)asanOlympicevent,asportmustbeplayedinatleast75countriesonatleast4continents.

3.NowI'mbraveenough(stand)upandanswerthequestion.

4.1likegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood(breathe).

5.(finish)hishomework,hewenttobed.

6.(show)aroundthefactory,theyweretakentovisitthemuseum.

7.(ask)toworkovertimethatevening,Imissedawonderfulfilm.

8.(encourage)bythespeech,theyoungpeoplemadeuptheirmindstotakeupthestruggle.

9.(wait)inthequeueforhalfanhour,Tomsuddenlyrealizedhehadlefthiswalletathome.

10.(bite)twice,thepostmanrefusedtodeliverourlettersunlesswechainedourdog.

;;限时提升练J］（建议用时：40分钟）

考查一：非谓语专题练习。

l.Forthepreviousweeks,Ihadbeentrainedontobeavolunteerforit.

2.Thedevicecouldbehelpfulinareas(locate)farfromapowergrid(电网).

3.“Ilovehanfu.Fvemademanyvideos,(aim)tohelpmorepeoplelearnaboutit,“WangtoldBeijing

Review.

4.Shecalledforactiontoaddressthestrugglesofpeoplearoundtheworld(face)“toolittlewaterortoo

dirtywater”.

5.Shecalledforaction(address)thestrugglesofpeoplearoundtheworldfacing“toolittlewaterortoo

dirtywater”.

6.Theseeventsencouragebothgovernmentsandlocalcommunitiestoworktogether(handle)

environmentalproblems.

7.BeijingOlympicPark,also(know)astheOlympicGreen,islocatedinChaoyangDistrict,Beijing,

withatotallandareaof11.59squarekilometers.

8.Tomyjoy,(listen)toeachbookmademefeellikewatchingamovie,butbetterbecausebooksgave

muchmoredetailsthanmovies.

9.Onemouthfulofcomfortfoodtakesusbacktoourculturalroots,(give)usthe“tasteofhome^^and

relievingfeelingsofhomesickness.

10.Ofcourse,eachperson'scomfortfoodlargelydependsontheplacewheretheycome-foraChineseitmight

beaplateofdumplingswithasaucerofvinegar,andforanativeoftheUKitmightbetheclassicfishandchips,_

(serve)hot,saltyandsour.

11.Mythoughtscan'tberelayedoveraregularphoneline,soIwantthem(carry)onthewind.

12.(think)abouttheideaforalongtime,Sasakifinallybuiltthebooth.

13.Onetheory,increasingly(support)byexperts,suggeststhatsmellpreferencesarelearned.

14.Fearfulthathemighthaveanintention(harm)her,Helenstartedtorun.

15.Therehasbeenadramaticriseinthenumberofextremeweathereventsoverthepast20years,

(cause)largelybyrisingglobaltemperatures,accordingtoanewreportfromtheUnitedNations.

16.Apieceofstone(find)onaDutchbeachsuggeststhatourextincthumanrelatives,knownas

Neanderthals,wereclevererthanpreviouslythought.

17.Ittakesthemhundredsofyears(break)down.

18.Muchofthisincreasecanbeduetoclimatechange.Thefindingsshowacriticalneed(invest)in

disasterprevention.

考查二：北京真题训练。

1.12024」匕京卷】Slowingdowncancontributesignificantlytopersonalgrowth.Takingthetime___11___(rest)

allowsustodevelopadeepersenseof___12___(self-aware).

2.12024北京卷】Andwhen___16___(ask)abouthisnewtitle,hesharedthesecret:moderation(适度).

3.12024北京卷】Justthen,somekidsranathim,___19___(knock)hisbooksoutofhisarms.Hisglasseswent

flyingandlandedinthegrass.

4.[2023」匕京卷】Mangroves,knownas"redforesf,inChina,growbetweenlandandsea,characterisedbytheir

complexroots.When14(see)fromafar,themangroveforestsappearmoresplendid.

5.【2023北京卷】Shecalledforaction19(address)thestrugglesofpeoplearoundtheworld20

(face)“toolittlewaterortoodirtywater”.Hereffortshaveencouragedotherstotakepartbyrunningthrougha

globalcampaigncalledt6RunBlue”.

6.【2022年北京卷】Fearfulthathemighthaveanintention12(harm)her,Helenstartedtorun.

7.【2022年北京卷】Whydohumansprefersomesmellsoverothers?Onetheory,increasingly14

(support)byexperts,suggeststhatsmellpreferencesarelearned.

8.[2021年北京卷】There17(be)adramaticriseinthenumberofextremeweathereventsoverthepast

20years,18(cause)largelybyrisingglobaltemperatures,accordingtoanewreportfromtheUnited

Nations.

9.[2021年北京卷】From2000to2019,therewere7,348majornaturaldisastersaroundthe

world,19(result)inUSD2,970billionineconomicloss.Muchofthisincreasecanbeduetoclimate

change.

10.[2021年4匕京卷】Thefindingsshowacriticalneed20(invest)indisasterprevention.

11.[2020年北京卷】Single-useplasticbagsareusedatmostafewtimesbeforethey_4___(throw)away.Ittakes

themhundredsofyears___5___(break)down.Manyofthesebagsendupintheoceanwherelargeronescantrap

seacreatures,suchasturtlesanddolphins.

12.[2020年北京卷】Apieceofstone__8___(find)onaDutchbeachsuggeststhatourextincthumanrelatives,

knownasNeanderthals,wereclevererthanpreviouslythought.

考查非谓语动词。句意：在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明，我们已经灭绝的人类亲戚尼安德特人比我们

之前认为的更聪明。句子的谓语为suggests,设空处在句中作非谓语和逻辑主语之间是逻辑的被动关系。故

答案为foundo

考查三：北京模拟训练。

1.[2024年北京市延庆区高三一模】Whenthe48-year-oldUzbekgymnast,OksanaChusovitina,17

(participate)intheAsiadwomen'sgymnasticsqualificationonMonday,thousandsofspectatorschantedfor"Qiu

Ma,“18translatesto“MotherChusovitina”.Whenhersonwasdiagnosedwithleukemiain2002,she

adoptedGermancitizenshiptocompeteatglobaleventsforahigherincomeand19(good)medical

treatment.Aftenherson's20(recover),Chusovitinacontinuedhergymnasticsjourneyoutofsheerlove

forthesport.

2.[2024年北京市海淀区高三一模】Li-ionbatteriesstorealotofenergyinasmallamountofspace.Whenthat

energyisreleasedinanuncontrolledmanner,itgeneratesheat,15cantransformcertaininternalbattery

componentsintoburnablegases.Consumersshouldpurchasebatteriesthatareonlylistedbyanationally16

(recognize)testinglaboratoryandstopusingthedeviceifthebatteryshowssignsofdamage,suchasanunusual

smell,excessiveheat,poppingsoundsorchangeincolor.Amongalltheplacestochargethesedevices,17

(safe)oneisoutdoorsawayfromanystructureandnotindirectsunlight.

3.[2024年1匕京市西城区高三二模】Aperson'smemoryislikeahallwithmanyrooms,somevisitedfrequently,

othersuntouched15years.Withage,sometimes,doorstocertainmemoriesbecomelocked,requiringa

specialkey16(access)them.Thesekeysoftencomeintheformofspecificsensoryinputs-something

yousee,smell,touch,taste,orhear.Whenasensoryinputstimulatesreceptors,signalsaresentalongnervecellsto

thebrain,17theyareprocessedandinterpreted.Thewayoursensesconnectwithourmemoriesshows

howcomplexourmindsare.Knowingthishelpsusunderstandhowourpastaffectshowweseeandactinthe

present.

4.【2024年北京交通大学附中高三三模】Imagine15(abandon)attheageof6byhispoorparents!

CharlesMulliwasforcedtobecomeastreetbeggarinordertosurvive.Yeteveninthemidstofhispovertyand

despair,hestilldreamedofbeinganimportantmansomeday.He16(labor)atmanydifficultjobsfor

thefollowingseveralyears.Mullithensavedmoneyandboughtacar.Thatwas17hebeganusingas

ataxiandintime,hestartedatransportationservicecompanywithafleetofvehicles.Allofhishardworkturned

Mullintoamillionaireandanimportantman.

5.[2024年人大附中高三三模】Someuniversitystudentscarriedoutacampaign14theycelebrated

theirwholedaywithoutcellphonesThismovewas15(improve)theirrelationshipswiththeirnearand

dearonesandtokeepthemawayfromthevirtuallife.Studiesindicatethatamajorityofyoungpeopleusetheir

phonesduringlessons,overfamilymealsorevenatthecinema.Theproblemofphoneaddictionhasbeenobserved

sinceafewyearsago,withexpertsandpsychologists16(try)toincreaseawarenessaboutthisproblem.

6.(2024.北京朝阳•二模)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单

词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Anelderlycouplehasbecomestarsinthemarathoncommunity.18(win)atleast200medalsfrom

sportsmeetingsinthepasttenyears,theyareregardedasrolemodelsbymanypeople.Initially,thecouplestarted

runningjust19(improve)theirhealth.Later,theydecidedtochallengethemselvesandsignedupfora

marathon.Thoughneitherofthemhadrunafullmarathonbefore,theymanagedtocompleteit.Theybelieveno

matter20ageitis,themarathonspiritoffightingtotheendisessential.

【考查四：全国语法填空单句训练】

一.动词不定式

1.(2024新课标I卷)Thedesignfeaturestensteel“sepals(萼片)“madeofglassandaluminium(铝).These

sepalsopenonwarmdays(give)theinsideplantssunshineandfreshair.

2.(2024新课标II卷)ThoseculturalelementshaveincreasedStratford^internationalvisibility,saidEdmondson,

addingthatvisitorswalkingthroughtheBirthplaceGardenwereoftenamazed(find)theconnection

betweenthetwogreatwriters.

3.(2024浙江1月卷)Theshelvesinmostsupermarketsarefulloffamily-sizethisandmulti-buythat.However,if

you9reshoppingforone,buyingextra(benefit)frompricereductionsdoesn'tmakesense.

4.（2023新课标I卷）Toeatone,youhavetodecidewhether（bite）asmallholeinitfirst,releasingthe

streamandriskingaspill（溢出），ortoputthewholedumplinginyourmouth,lettingthehotsoupexplodeonyour

tongue.

5.（2023新课标I卷）Nanxiangaside,thebestXiaolongbaohaveafineskin,allowingthem（lift）outof

thesteamerbasketwithoutallowingthemtearingorspillinganyoftheircontents.

6.（2022新课标I卷）Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthatwerepreviously

unprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthority（increase）

effectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.

7.（2022新课标II卷）Ericwokeupalittlelaterwhenheheardchildrenplayingoutside.Hepushedachairontothe

balcony,andclimbedup（see）them.

8.（2022新课标II卷改编）Hesavedmyson'slife/saidMrs.Brown.HIdon*tknowhow（thank）

9.（2022浙江1月卷）ThatapproachbroughtCobb'sairtravellastyeardownby75%,andsheplans

（continue）thepractice.

10.（2022浙江卷）Throughtouch,theonethinggallerysignstellyounot（do）.

11.（2021新课标II卷）1decidedtodosomething（educate）peopleaboutthisproblem.

12.（2021浙江卷）Mary'ssister,FrancesToddWallace,oftencameover（plant）flowersinthefrontyard.

13.（2020*浙江卷）Agriculturegavepeopletheirfirstexperienceofthepoweroftechnology

（change）lives.

14.（2020浙江1月卷）Somethingsignificantishappeningtotheworldpopulation-itisaging.Themedian（中位数

的）ageofanAmericanin1950was30;todayitis41andisexpected（increase）to42by2050.

二.动名词

1.（2020新课标）Aswellaslookingatexhibits,visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations（模拟）andimagine

themselveslivingatadifferenttimeinhistoryor（walk）througharainforest.

考点三.现在分词短语

1.（2024新课标H卷）（recall）watchingaChineseoperaversionofShakespeare'splayRichardIIIin

ShanghaiandmeetingChineseactorswhocametoStratfordafewyearsagotoperformpartsofThePeony

Pavilion,Edmondsonsaid,64ItwasveryexcitingtoheartheChineselanguageandseehowTang'splaywasbeing

perfbrmed.^^

2.（2022新课标I卷）（cover）anareaaboutthreetimesthesizeofYellowstoneNationalPark,theGPNP

willbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.

3.（2021新课标II卷）1wasupsettolearnthatmanyseaanimalseatplasticgarbage,（think）itisfood.

4.（2023新课标II卷）Theytalktothefloodofinternationaltouristsandto（visit）Chinesezookeepers

whooftencometocheckonthepandas,whichareonloanfromChina.

5.（2022新课标II卷）Whenhesawayoungchildhangingfromasixth-floorapartmentbalcony（PH台），Henryran

onehundredmetres,jumpedovera1.2-metrefence,andheldouthisarmstocatchthe（fall）child.

6.(2022浙江卷)Blindpeoplerecognizeshapeswiththeir(exist)senses,inawaysimilartothatof

(sight)people,saysEllaStriem-Amit,aHarvardscientist.

7(2021新课标I卷)Thoughitistheonlyunnaturalthingonyourwayupthemountain,stillithighlightsthewhole

adventureandoffersaplacewhereyoucansitdowntorestyour(ache)legs.

8.(2021浙江1月卷)Thismaybeduetosomedisadvantagesforpeople(live)inthecountryside,

includinglowerlevelsofincomeandeducation,highercostsofhealthyfoods,andfewersportsfacilities.

9.(2023新课标I卷)NomatterwhereIbuythem,onesteamerisrarelyenough,yettwoseemsgreedy,soIam

alwaysleft(want)morenexttime.

考点四.过去分词短语

1.(2024新课标II卷)Twoyearslater,asix-meter-tallpavilion,(inspire)byThePeonyPavilion,wasbuilt

attheFirsGarden,justtenminutes5walkfromShakespeare9sbirthplace.

2.(2024浙江1月卷)Overthelasttwoyears,somesupermarketshavestartedsellingchickenorsaladinpacks

(design)withtwohalvescontainingseparateportions(份).

3.(2024新课标I卷)Thesesepalsopenonwarmdaystogivetheinsideplantssunshineandfreshair.Incold

weather,thestructurestays(close)toprotecttheplants.

4.(2023新课标I卷)Shanghaimaybethe(recognize)homeofthesoupdumplingsbutfoodhistorians

willactuallypointyoutotheneighboringcanaltownofNanxiangasXiaolonghao'sbirthplace.

5.(2023浙江1月卷)IntheMingDynasty,thecenterwastheForbiddenCity,(surround)inconcentric(同

心的)circlesbytheInnerCityandOuterCity.

6.(2021浙江卷1月)In1985,urbanmenandwomeninmorethanthreequartersofthecountries(study)

hadhigherBMIsthanmenandwomeninruralareas.

7.(2021新课标I卷)Butthafshownatureis一alwaysleavingus(astonish).

8.(2020浙江卷1月)Thefirstisdecliningbirthrates,whichmeansoldgenerationsarelarge(compare)to

youngergenerations,andso,onaverage,thepopulation

【考查四：全国语法填空语篇训练】

(2024•山东烟台•三模)

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Itwasin2019,]ZakirovacametoShanghaitostudy,thatshediscoveredalocalparkfilledwith

elderlypeople2(dance)intheearlymorning.Noonejudgesthedancersforamissteporfornotkeeping

upwiththerhythm.Theysimplydanceandenjoythemoment.Usua