细节理解题（讲义）原卷版-2024年高考英语二轮复习（新高考专用）

专题07细节理解题

--------------------内容概览」

01专题网络•思维脑图

02考情分析•解密高考

03高频考点•以考定法

考点细节理解题

【高考解密】

命题点01直接信息题

命题点02间接信息题

命题点03数字计算题

【技巧解密】

【考向预测】

04核心素养•微专题

微专题如何通过还原法定位细节理解题的正确答案

05创新好题•分层练

专题网络•思维脑图

直接信息题：直接信息题比较简单，只需要题干关键

细词定位，带着问题找答案。

节

阅

理

读间接信息题：间接信息题的隐蔽性比较强，正确选项需

理

解要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行相应的语义转换或进

解

题一步的归纳概括。。

数字计算题：数字计算题需要根据题干要求在原文中找

-到有关的数字信息进行分析理解和简单计算，确定答案。

02考情分析•解密高考

考点考查内容高考考题设问

核心价值：2023新高考I卷T21、T22、T23、T24、

高考英语试卷取材广泛、体裁多样，引导学生德智体美劳T26、T28、T33

全面发展，加强对中华优秀传统文化和社会主义先进文化

细的考查，充分发挥文化铸魂的育人功能。2023年新高考全国n卷T21、T22、T23、

节第一，强化体美劳教育引导，夯实全面发展基础。在体育T24、T25、T27、T29、T32、T35

融入试题方面，年新高考全国卷阅读题选取运动促

理2022II

进心脏健康的语篇，写作题选取一名残疾学生积极参加跑2022•新高考I卷T22、T25、T26、T27、

解

步比赛的语篇。这些语篇和材料旨在引导学生提高运动意T32、T33

题识，保持身心健康。在美育融入试题方面，2022年全国甲2022年新高考全国n卷T21、T22、T23、

卷听力题选取一位艺术鉴赏家谈论自己经历的材料，阅读T25、T26、T27、T29、T34

题选取介绍英国加的夫市艺术剧院的语篇，这些语篇旨在2021•新高考I卷T21、T22、T23、T24、

引导学生加深对艺术的认识，培养健康向上的审美情趣。T26、T27、T28、T32

在劳动教育融入试题方面，各套试卷的语篇包含了山区支2022年新高考全国H卷T21、T22、T23、

教、烹饪、做家务等信息、，涉及多种工作场景，旨在引导T24、T27、T28、T30、T32、T33、T34

学生形成劳动观念，在学习和生活中培养劳动精神。

第三，关注时代发展与生活实践，引导学生培养核心素养。

2022年全国卷通过选取禁止开车使用手机、悉尼新旧文化

冲突、新媒体对家庭教育和生活的影响、英国征收糖税的

起因及效果等具有探讨性和思辨性的材料，引导学生形成

独立思考的习惯，培养主动发现问题和解决问题的能力；

通过选取高科技无人机在铁路交通中的应用、鹦鹉识别物

体形状的实验、人类语言发展的研究及与捉迷藏相关的儿

童心理发展实验等语篇，激发学生对科学实验与研究的兴

趣通；通过选取关爱养老院老人的研究项目、勇救坠楼儿

童、修复父子亲情关系等语篇，倡导友好互助、彼此关爱的

和谐人际关系。

学科素养：

1.从话题选择来看，近三年围绕人与自然、人与社会、人

与自我三大主题全面考查英语综合运用能力，试题取材广

泛、体裁多样，进一步体现考试对五育（德、智、体、美、

劳）全面发展的引导作用，加强对中华优秀传统文化、和

社会主义先进文化的考查，充分发挥文化铸魂育人功能。

落实立德树人，彰显德育本色。

2.从命题方向及趋势来看，全国卷试题高考英语试题整体

难度稳定且适中，从教材出发，强调主干知识的运用以及

基本能力的考查。同时全国卷试题高考英语试题注重考查

学生的思维品质、创新能力以及解决实际问题的能力。

A

03高频考点•以考定法I

考点细节理解题

►►高考解密<<

命题点01直接信息题

典例01

[2023年全国乙卷A篇段】PRACTITIONERS

RebeccaLeeCrumpler(1831—1895)workedasanurseforeightyearsbeforestudyinginmedicalcollegeinBoston

in1860.Fouryearslater,shewasthefirstAfricanAmericanwomantoreceiveamedicaldegree.Shemovedto

Virginiain1865,wheresheprovidedmedicalcaretofreedslaves.

23.WhowasthefirstAfricanAmericanwithamedicaldegree?

AJacquelineFelicedeAlmania.B.TanYunxian.

C.JamesBarry.D.RebeccaLeeCrumpler.

典例02

（2023年新高考I卷A篇片段）

GuidedCityTours

The2.5-hourtourcoverstheGooyerWindmill,theSkinnyBridge,theRijksmuseum,HeinekenBreweryand

muchmore.ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,startingat1:00pmeveryday.Youcanbuy

yourticketinaMacBikeshoporbookonline.

3.Wheredoestheguidedcitytourstart?

A.TheGooyer,Windmill.B.TheSkinnyBridge.

C.HeinekenBrewery.D.DamSquare.

典例03

【2023・新高考全国n卷】

YellowstoneNationalParkoffersavarietyofrangerprogrammesthroughoutthepark,andthroughouttheyear.

Thefollowingaredescriptionsoftherangerprogrammesthissummer.

ExperiencingWildlifeinYellowstone(May26toSeptember2)

Whetheryou'relikingabackcountrytrail(小径)，camping,orjustenjoyingthepark'samazingwildlifefrom

theroad,thisquickworkshopisforyouandyourfamily.Learnwheretolookforanimalsandhowtosafelyenjoy

yourwildlifewatchingexperience.MeetattheCanyonVillageStore.

JuniorRangerWildlifeOlympics(June5toAugust21)

KidscantesttheirskillsandcomparetheirabilitiestotheanimalsofYellowstone.Stayforaslittleoraslong

asyourplansallow.MeetinfrontoftheVisitorEducationCentre.

CanyonTalksatArtistPoint(June9toSeptember2)

Fromaclassicviewpoint,enjoyLowerFalls,theYellowstoneRiver,andthebreathtakingcoloursofthe

canyon(峡谷)whilelearningaboutthearea'snaturalandhumanhistory.Discoverwhyartistsandphotographers

continuetobedrawntothisspecialplace.MeetonthelowerplatformatArtistPointontheSouthRimDrivefor

thisshorttalk.

PhotographyWorkshops(June19&July10)

Enhanceyourphotographyskills-joinYellowstone^parkphotographerforahands-onprogrammetoinspire

newandcreativewaysofenjoyingthebeautyandwonderofYellowstone.

6/19—Waterfalls&WideAngles:meetatArtistPoint.

7/10~~Wildflowers&WhiteBalance:meetatWashburnTrailheadinChittendenparkingarea.

21.Whichofthefourprogrammesbeginstheearliest?

A.PhotographyWorkshops.

B.JuniorRangerWildlifeOlympics.

C.CanyonTalksatArtistPoint.

D.ExperiencingWildlifeinYellowstone.

命题点02间接信息题

典例01

(2023年新高考I卷B篇片段)

WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolved

problems.Aditrystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretiny

creatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemesses

peopleweremaking.

Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandasking

questions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria（细菌）？Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causing

chemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastetheway

naturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.

4.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Hewasfondoftraveling.B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.

C.Hehadaninquiringmind.D.Helongedtobeadoctor.

典例02

[2023年全国甲卷B篇片段】

Terri,whonowrentsahousewithfriendsinWandsworth,SouthWestLondon,saysDIYalsosavesherfrom

losinganydepositwhenatenancy（租期）comestoanend.Sheadds:"I'vemovedhousemanytimesandIalways

liketopersonalisemyroomandputuppictures,so,ifsbeenusefultoknowhowtocoverupholesandrepaintaroom

toavoidanychargeswhenI'vemovedout.”

26.HowdidTerriavoidlosingthedepositonthehousesherented?

A.Bymakingitlooklikebefore.B.Byfurnishingitherself.

C.Bysplittingtherentwitharoommate.D.Bycancellingtherentalagreement.

命题点03数字计算题

典例01

[2023全国乙卷C篇片段】Accordingtoanewstudyfrommarketanalysts,1in5Britonssaythatwatching

cookeryprogrammesonTVhasencouragedthemtotrydifferentfood.Almostonethirdsaytheynowuseawider

varietyofingredients（配料）thantheyusedto,andjustunder1in4saytheynowbuybetterqualityingredients

thanbefore.OneinfouradultssaythatTVchefshavemadethemmuchmoreconfidentaboutexpandingtheir

cookeryknowledgeandskills,andyoungpeoplearealsogettingmoreinterestedincooking.TheUK'sobsession

（痴迷）withfoodisreflectedthroughtelevisionscheduling.Cookeryshowsanddocumentariesaboutfoodare

broadcastmoreoftenthanbefore.WithanincreasingnumberofmalechefsonTYit'snolonger"uncool“forboys

tolikecooking.

10.Whichisthepercentageofthepeopleusingmorediverseingredientsnow?

A.20%.B.24%.C.25%.D.33%.

典例02

【2018•全国I卷C篇片段】Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionofthese

languagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages.Oftenspokenby

manypeoplewhilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200

Languages:theAmericasabout1,000,Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNew

Guineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeans

thathalftheworldslanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.

34.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?

A.About6,800.B.About3,400

C.About2,400D.About1,200.

►►技巧解密《

细节理解题一般根据短文提供的信息和事实进行提问，命题人往往通过对文章细节加以改写来考查考生准

确理解细节的能力。细节理解题在高考阅读理解中占有相当大的比例，几乎占据了阅读理解总题量的“半壁

江山”。这类题考点可以源自段内的单句信息理解，也可以来自段落内综合信息的理解。考查内容涉及时间、

地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、方式以及在议论文中可以涉及例证的细节和定义类的细节。

常见的命题方式通常有：

1.特殊疑问句形式。以when,where,what,which,who,howmuch/many等疑问词开头引出的问题；

2.以是非题的形式。true/false,nottrue/false或EXCEPT,近年这种题型较少；

3.以Accordingto…开头提问方式；

4.以填空题的形式，如：

(1)Toavoidattractingmountainlions,peopleareadvised.

(2)Bythefirstsentenceofthepassageauthormeansthat.

(3)Itseemsthatnowacountry,seconomydependsmuchon.

(4)Ifyouareinterestedinknowingaboutwhatpeople'slifewillbe,youmayvisit.

(5)Thepolicemenweretold“tolooktheotherway”(theunderlinedpartinParagraph2)sothat.

(6)Thepolicemanwhosaid“Goodevening^^toRollswantedto.

5.就文中数字、排序、识图等提问。

做细节理解题时，大多数学生易出现的问题是阅读速度太慢，缺乏一定的快速阅读技巧，考生要培养

自己快速获取信息的能力。解答此类试题时,不必通篇细看原文,而常常可采取“带着问题找答案”的方法.先

从问题中抓住关键性词语。然后以此为线索。要快速地辨认和记忆事实或细节，就要恰当地运用略读及查

读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句.仔细品味，对照比较.确定答案。除了运用扫读

法（scanning）外，还可以兼用排除法.将“无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项排除。

了解细节题干扰选项的特点也有助于考生提高答题的正确率。一般情况下，干扰项有如下几个特点：

（1）是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容；（2）符合常识，但不是文章内容；（3）与原文的内容极其相

似，只是在程度上有些变动；（4）在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反；（5）部分正确，部分错误。

有的细节理解题只要直接辨认不要求读者对客观的事实作出解释或判断，只要求从阅读材料中直接获

取信息。同时还要求读者记住重要细节，在必要的时候（做判断、推断或结论的时候）能够准确而迅速地

将他们回忆起来。解此类题要求考生快速抓住原文中的关键信息，直接得出答案，但要注意往往答案与原

文中的语句并非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思。有的细节理解题就需要通过有

关词语和句子的转换。利用主要事实、图表、图形来获取信息，然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系

将零碎的细节经过一系列加工、整理，方能做出正确的判断.此类试题在高考中占大多数。

►►考向预测<<

考向01-直接信息题

（2023上•吉林通化•高三梅河口市第五中学校考期中）Adolescence（青春期）isastressfultime.From

friendstofamilies,fromhometoschool,stressfulsituationsbecomecommon.Now,anewstudyshowsan

unexpectedfactor（因素）mightcauseteenstorespondstronglytostress.

JonasMiller,apsychologistatStanfordUniversity,wantedtoknowwhetherairpollutionmightaffectteens9

responsetostress,histeamrecruited（招募）144tweensandteensforthestudy,mostofwhomlivedinornearSan

Francisco,whichranksamongthetenU.S.citieshavingtheworstairquality.Theresearchersuseddataonair

pollutioncollectedbythecitytoseehowpollutedtheairwasneareachrecruit'shome.Theythencollected

physical,andsocialinformationaboutthestudentsandinvitedthemtoparticipateinastressfuf.test.

Beforethetest,theresearchersusedsensorstorecordparticipants9heartrateandsweatlevelsfbrfive

minutes-astheyrested.Thenthetestbegan.Aresearcherreadaloudthebeginningofastoryandtoldeach

participanttomakeupanexcitingending,whichtheywouldhavetomemorizeandpresentaloudtoajudge.After

finishingthistask,thejudgehadtheparticipantdomathproblems.Iftheymadeamistake,theyhadtostartover.

Thewholetime,sensorsrecordedheartrateandsweatlevels.

Atrest,allthestudentshadsimilarheartratesandsweatlevels,Millerfound.Butasthetestgottough,kids

fromneighborhoodswithmoreairpollutionreactedmorestronglytostress.Theirheartbeatsbecameirregular.

Theysweatedmorethanteenswholivedincleanerplaces.

Millerlookedatotherpossiblecausesofthosestrongreactionsinthestudents,includingtheirheightand

weight,stageofadolescence,familyincomeandneighborhood.Noneofthemexplainedthestrongerstress

response.Suchresponsesarelinkedtonegativefeelings,Millernotes.Overtime,theseresponsescan''contributeto

problemswithbothphysicalandmentalhealth^^.

“Thisisaninterestingstudy,“saysAnjumHajat,anepidemiologistwhostudiesthecausesofdisease.Miller's

study"providesuniqueevidenceofthenegativehealthimpactsofairpollutionamongadolescents,Hajatsays.

2.Whatwereparticipantsaskedtodointhestressfultest?

A.Retellanexcitingstory.B.Inventanendingtoastory.

C.Makeupanamusingstory.D.Findthemistakesinastory.

3.WhatdidMillertakeintoconsiderationwhenanalyzinghisresearchresults?

A.Parents9income.B.Parents5education.

C.Children5smentalhealth.D.Child-parentrelationship.

考向02-间接信息题

（2023-四川成都•校联考二模）AteamofresearchersattheChineseAcademyofSciences,hasdevelopedan

artificialfingerthatwasabletoidentifycertainsurfacematerialswith90%accuracy.

Intheirpaperthegroupdescribeshowtheyusedtriboelectric（摩擦电）sensorstogivetheirtestfingeran

abilitytogainasenseoftouch.Previousresearchhasledtothedevelopmentofroboticfingersthathavetheability

torecognizecertainattributesofcertainsurfaces,suchaspressureortemperature.However,theteamhastakenone

stepfurtherbyaddingtheabilitytoidentifyamaterialitself.

Thefingerwascreatedbyapplyingsmallsquaresensorstothetipofafinger-shapedobject:Eachofthe

squareswasmadeofadifferentkindofplasticpolymer（聚合物），eachchosenbecauseoftheiruniqueelectrical

properties.Whensuchsensorsaremovedclosetoanobject,electronsfromthesensorsinteractwithmaterialsin

uniqueways.

Thesensorsbeneaththepolymerwereallconnectedtotheirownprocessors（处理器）insideofthefinger,

whichwerethenconnectedtogethertoallowforcomparisonofresults-andformachinelearning-baseddata

analysis.TheresearchersalsoattachedatinyLCDscreenfordisplayingresults.

Theresearchersthentestedtheirfingerbyhavingittouchvariousflatsurfacessuchasthosemadeofglass,

wood,plasticandsilicon.Theyfounditcapableofidentifyingtherightmaterial96.8%ofthetime,witha

minimumaccuracyof90%forallofthesurfaces.Theresearchersalsotestedthefingerforenduranceandfound

thatitheldupwellenoughforindustrialapplications.

Theresearchersthinkthattheirfingercouldbeconnecteddirectlytoacontrolmechanisminindustry.They

alsonotethatsuchafingercouldalsobeusedonafull-sizedhumanrobot.Theypointoutthatthetechnologycould

likelybeusedinprosthetic（假肢）devicestohelprestoreacertaindegreeoftouchforpeoplewhohavelostsuch

anability.

10.Whatcanwelearnabouttheartificialfinger?

A.Thesensorsinthefingercandotheanalysisthemselves.

B.Theplasticpolymerchosenhasthe"sameelectricalproperties.

C.Theelectronscanreactwiththesurfacethatthefingertouches.

D.Electronsfromitssensorscandifferentlyinteractwithmaterials.

11.Howdidtheresearcherlearnabouttheresults?

A.AnLCDscreenwillshowthemtheresults.

B.Theartificialfingercandisplaytheresultsdirectly.

C.Theycanworkouttheresultsusingspecialsoftware.

D.Processorsinsidethefingerwillsendthemmessages.

04核心素养•微专题

如何通过还原法定位细节理解题的正确答案

L定位词的选用

(1)特殊定位词

在很多题目当中会出现人名、地名、数字、年份和大写字母缩写这五类特殊词。因为它们的特点是在

一篇多数是英文小写字母的文章里非常的醒目，所以很快就能够做到精确定位。

[示例1]

HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Forthepasttwoyears,

Gordon'sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity,andtheythinkthey'reclosetoa

solution(解决方案).“Wedon'tgivethestudentsanybreaks.TheyhavetodoitjustlikeNASAengineers,“says

FlorenceGold,aprojectmanager.

33.WhatisthepurposeoftheHUNCHprogram?

A.Tostrengthenteacher-studentrelationships.

B.Tosharpenstudents?communicationskills.

C.Toallowstudentstoexperiencezerogravity.

D.Tolinkspacetechnologywithschooleducation.

(2)普通定位词

普通定位词与特殊定位词相比，出现的几率更高。当我们看到题中没有特殊定位词的情况下，要思考

的就是在这道似乎没有啥重点的词语中挑选出最能帮助我们快速找到定位的词语。可以当做定位词的首选

是名词，其次是动词。

[示例2]

InSaveMoney：GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbutt

offerstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder£5perfamilyaday.AndtheGood

MorningBritainpresentersaysshe'sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe'slearntintopracticeinherownhome,

preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack,11.

25.HowdoesMattTebbutthelpSusanna?

A.Hebuyscookingmaterialsforher.

B.Hepreparesfoodforherkids.

C.Heassistsherincookingmatters.

D.Heinvitesguestfamiliesforher.

2.挑选定位词的注意点

(1)文章中的高频词不能作为定位词

定位词的最大优势就是可以缩小阅读范围，如果我们定位了一个在文章中处处可能出现的词语，那就

失去了定位的意义。

（2）定位词和文中词有可能是词义转换

在实际做题过程中还要注意，不是所有的题目都可以用定位词来定位的。而且如果是遇到细节信息定

位题，很多时候定位词的作用被削弱了，因为题目中的词和文中的词会以同义词替换的形式出现。所以建

议考生一方面要掌握如何去找定位词，另外一方面要提高自己的阅读词汇量，尤其是同义词转换，这样才

能一击必中，快速找到答案出现的地方解决问题。

[示例1]

CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.

Duration：3hours

Thissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseetheworld-famouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersof

Washington,D.C.Yourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswherethey

blossom.Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability-andthecherryblossoms-disappear!

21.Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?

A.CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.

B.WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.

C.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.

D.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour.

创新好题•分层练（2023上.江苏.高三江苏省前黄高级中学校考期中）

Campingtips:Whichovernightwildernessexperienceisrightforyou?

Ifyou'reanexperiencedbackpacker,readnofurther.Thisarticleisforcampingrookies,thosewhohavenever

sleptbeneaththestarsorhaven'tpitched（搭建）atentsincetheiryouthbutareseriouslythinkingabout

overnightinginthewilderness.

Carcamping

Atitsmostbasic,carcampinginvolvespackingatent,sleepingbag,fold-upchair,coolerandcampstoveinto

yourvehicleandstayingatadrive-upcampground.Nearlyeverynationalpark,andmanystateandcountyparks

andprivatefacilities,offerdrive-upcampgroundswithrestrooms,potablewater,fireringsorpits,andmaybeeven

hotshowers.Sotherearelotsofchoices.

Thedownsideofcarcampingisthefactthatthesecampgroundsareoftenpackedwithothercampers.Nota

lotofprivacy,theycanbenoisy,andpossiblyhinder（阻碍）yourquestofcommuningwithnature.

Backpacking

Novehiclerequired;justyourfeetandagoodpairofhikingbootsorshoestogetyoutothenextovernight

spot.Amulti-dayhikingtripiswithoutdoubtthemostimmersivewaytoexperiencethegreatoutdoors.

Differentfrommaybecarcamping,itrequirestheleastexpenseandequipment.Allyoureallyneedarea

backpack,sleepingbag,waterbottle,smallfirst-aidkit,enoughfoodtolasttheentiretravel.Itcanbedonejust

aboutanywhereontheplanet.

BoatCamping

Whilethisdoesinvolveowningorrentingawatercraftorusingaferryorwatertaxiservicetoreachthe

overnightsite,campingviacanoe,kayak,raftorboatoffersasimilarget-away-from-it-alladventureas

backpacking.

Experiencedpaddlersandboatersusuallyprefertocampontheirownalongaquietshoreline.Butmany

adventureorwildernessoutfittersofferguidedtripsthatcanlastanywherefromacoupleofdaystotwoorthree

weeks.Withaboat,youcansometimescampplacesthatnotevenbackpackerscanreach.

1.Whoaretheintendedreaders?

A.Red-bloodedmales.B.White-collarstaff.

C.Green-handcampers.D.Blue-bloodedtourists.

2.Whatcanyoulearnfromthepassage?

A.Boatcampingoffersthesameadventuresasbackpacking.

B.Backpackingallowsyoutocommunicatewithnaturedeeply.

C.Carcampingisthemosteconomicalwaytoexperiencenature.

D.Thedrive-upcampgroundsprovidepeoplewithprivateenvironment.

3.Inwhichcolumnwillyoufindthispassage?

A.Business.B.Entertainment.C.Style.D.Travel.

（2023上•湖北•高三华中师大一附中校考期中）In2022,campaigngroupFashionRevolutionChelseadye

gardenforitsChelseaFlowerShowpresentation.Anancientcraft,naturaldyeingisapracticewhosetimehas

comeagain,withhandtie-dyedfashionalsomakingacomebackinrecentyears.

TherevivalhasbeenencouragedbyCovidlockdowns,""whichallowedpeopletoexplorethecraftathome,^^

saysnatural-dyeingenthusiastandteacherSusanDye.Ifsunlikely,though,thatthepracticewouldhavecaughton

inquitethesamewayifnotforacontinuallygrowingdiscomfortaboutfashion'sheavyfootprint.Fromcarbon

emissionstoanimalcruelty,fashionisunderconsiderableinspection.taPutitthisway,97%ofdyesusedinthe

industryarepetrochemically（石油化学产品）based,9,sayssustainablefashionconsultantJackieAndrews,who

helpedadvisetheUNEthicalFashionInitiative."We'vegotnetzerotargetswhichmeanwe'regoingtohaveto

removeallthosepetrochemicalsfromthemanufacturingcycle.^^

Fashionisahugepolluter.AccordingtotheUNEnvironmentProgram,theindustryisresponsibleforupto

one-fifthofallindustrialwaterpollution-duetothefactthatmostclothestodayareproducedinpoorercountries

whereregulationisweakandenforcementweakerstill.Wastewaterisdumpeddirectlyintoriversandstreams,

poisoningthelandaswellasthewatersourcesofpeopleandanimalswhorelyonthem.

Ifseasytoseewhysomeonewhocaresaboutpeople,planetandanimals,aswellasclothes,mightturnto

naturalplantdyeing.Fromthebeautyoftherawmaterials-oftenwildplants-tothepropertyofonlybondingwith

naturalfiberlikecottonandlinen,fromtheminorfootprintofupclyclingoldclothingthathasgrayedorfadedover

timetothevibrantandlong-lastingdyeingresults,plantdyeingfeelslikeaquietactofrebellion.Thisiswhy,while

beginnersstartwithsimplychangingtheirclothes9color,newworldsopen.Manyoftoday'snaturaldyersgrow

theirowndyeplants,runlocalcommunityworkshops,andadvocateforchangeinindustrializedfashionsystems

andbeyond.

4.Whatisthemainreasonforthegrowingdiscomfortmentionedinparagraph2?

A.Theadoptionofpetrochemical-baseddyes.

B.Thechallengingnetzerotargetstobeachieved.

C.Thefashionindustry'sfocusonluxuriousdesigns.

D.Thedisturbingconsequencesofthefashionindustry.

5.Theauthorillustrates“Fashionisahugepolluter^^by.

A.makingacomparisonB.givingexamples

C.listingnumbersD.introducinganewtopic

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“aquietactofrebellion^^inparagraph4referto?

A.Aprotestagainstturningtonaturalfiber.

B.Anobjectiontoupcyclingoldclothing.

C.Astruggleforasustainablefashionindustry.

D.Aresistancetovibrantcolorsinnaturaldyeing.

7.Whatwouldbethemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?

A.TheEnvironmentalImpactofNaturalDyeing

B.FashionRevolution'sDyeGardenPresentation

C.TheReturnofNaturalDyeingwithEthicalAppeal

D.ThePetrochemicalDyeIndustryandItsChallenges

（2023上•江苏南通・高三如皋市搬经中学校联考期中）Iwasdrivingwhenmyphonealertedmetoanew

email.Filledwitheageranticipation,Ipulledover,turnedonmyhazardlights,andopenedit.Myemotionsquickly

changedasIlearned,forthesixthandfinaltime,thatIhadbeendeniedapromotiontofullprofessor.My

institutiondidn'tseemtovaluewhatIbroughttothetable.ButwhenItoldmyfamilythatnight,mychildren

offeredasurprisinglypositiveresponse.TheywereexcitedtoseewhatIwasgoingtodonext,theysaid.They

apparentlyknewlongbeforeIdidthatlosingmybidforapromotionwouldturnouttobethebestthingthatcould

havehappenedforme.

Thishadbeenthefinalstepinalongprocessspanning15monthsandinvolvingsomucheffort.Ihadstarted

bystudyingsuccessfulpromotionbidsandaskingseniorscholarsforfrankdiscussionsaboutmyreadiness.Ihad

carefullypreparedmyapplicationpacket,summarizingeverythingIhadachievedinmycareer.Formorethana

year,Ihadspenthourseverydaytryingtoprovemyworthtomyuniversity.

Tomysurprise,havingafinalanswerbroughtawelcomesenseofclosure.Asafirststeptowardhealing,I

decidedtoprioritizemyownvaluesandfollowmyowninternalcompass.Idisconnectedfrompeopleinmylife

whoviolatedmyvalues,cultivatedmyrelationshipswiththosewhosharemyprioritiesandbringoutthebestinme,

andspentmoretimewithmyfamily.Ifoundedanonprofitthathelpsfirst-generationandlow-incomestudentsand

youngprofessionalsadvanceintheworkforcewhileservingtheircommunity.Theinitiativehadlongbeenadream

ofmine,butIneverpursueditbecausetypicalacademichiringandpromotiondon'trewardsuchefforts.Now,such

considerationswerenolongermyNorthStar.

Fivemonthsafterthatemailfromtopleadership,Ifoundmyselfinthecaragain,experiencinganother

career-definingmoment.Imayhavelostmybidforabigpromotion,butintheend,itbroughtmetotheright

place.

8.Whatdidtheauthorfeelafterhereadtheemail?

A.Anxiousandannoyed.B.Embarrassedandashamed.

C.Relievedandpeaceful.D.Disappointedandsorrowful.

9.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Whatcontributionsthewriterhadmade.B.Whatpreparationsthewriterhadmade.

C.Howsuccessfulthecareerh