初二英语人教版八年级下册重点知识点归纳寒假预习第四单元

初二英语人教版八年级下册重点知识点归纳寒假预习第四单元初二英语人教版八年级下册重点知识点归纳寒假预习第四单元一、重点短语1.havefreetime有空闲时间2.allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事3.hangoutwithsb.与某人闲逛4.after-schoolclasses课外活动课5.getintoafightwithsb.与某人吵架/打架6.untilmidnight直到半夜7.talktosb.与某人交谈8.toomany太多9.studytoomuch学得过多10.getenoughsleep有足够的睡眠11.writesb.aletter给某人写信12.callsb.up打电话给某人13.surprisesb.令某人惊讶14.lookthrough翻看15.beangrywithsb.生某人的气16.abigdeal重要的事17.workout成功地发展;解决18.getonwith和睦相处;关系良:—————————————————————————————————————————————————————19.fightalot经常吵架/打架20.hangover笼罩21.refusetodosth.拒绝做某事22.offertodosth.主动提出做某事23.sothat以便24.mindsb.doingsth.介意某人做某事25.allthetime一直26.infuture今后27.makesb.angry使某人生气28.worryaboutsth.担心某事29.copyone’shomework抄袭某人的作业30.beoneself做自己31.familymembers家庭成员32.spendtimealone独自消磨时光33.givesb.pressure给某人施压34.haveafightwithsb.与某人吵架35.competewithsb.与某人竞争36.freetimeactivities业余活动37.getbettergrades取得更好的成绩38.giveone’sopinion提出某人的观点39.learnexamskills学习应试技巧40.practicesports体育训练—————————————————————————————————————————————————————41.causestress造成压力42.cutout删除一.重要词汇和句型1.get(1)买getsth.forsb.==getsb.sth.为某人买某物Canyougetsomefruitformewhenyougoshopping?==Canyougetmesomefruitwhenyougoshopping?(2)得到,到达Wheredidyougetthebook?Whendidyougettheletter?Hegothomelatelastnight.(3)使,让get+宾语+宾补使某人\某物怎么样Pleasegetyoucoatclean.Getyourmouthclosed.getsb.todosth.使某人\某物做某事IgothimtocallJimyesterday.(4)(逐渐)变得?Theweathergetswarmeranddaysgetlonger.Whydidtheteachergetangry?2.howabout\whatabout后跟名词\代词\动词ing形式。(1)向对方提出建议或请求Howaboutgoingoutforawalk?Howaboutsomethingtoeat?(2)向对方征求意见或看法HowabouttheTVplay?Howaboutbuyingthehousenow?—————————————————————————————————————————————————————(3)询问天气或身体情况HowabouttheweatherinHainanIsland?Howaboutyourparents?Aretheylivingwithyou?(4)谈话中承接上下文I’mfortyyearsold.Howaboutyou?I’mfromBeijing.Howaboutyou?3.receive收到Thegirlwashappytoreceivemanygiftsonherbirthday.receivealetterfrom==getaletterfrom==heardfrom收到某人的信IreceivedaletterfrommyparentslastSunday.==IgotaletterfrommyparentslastSunday.==IheardfrommyparentslastSunday.accept接受Hecouldn’tacceptoursuggestionsbutourgifts.Shewasverygladtoreceivetheinvitation.Hedidn’treceiveagoodeducationatuniversity.Ireceivedaninvitationtotheparty,butIrefusedtoacceptit.4.a6--year–oldchild一个六岁的孩子6--year–old是由“数词+名词+形容词”构成的复合形容词,作前置定语,修饰后面的名词child.数词+名词+形容词构成的复合形容词，中间的名词要用单数形—————————————————————————————————————————————————————式:afive-year-oldgirl一个五岁的女孩atwo-meter-longruler一把两米长的尺子aten-story-highbuilding一栋十层高的楼房atwo-inch-thickdictionary一本两英寸厚的词典5.too?to?太??而不能??too后跟形容词或副词原形,to后跟动词原形,构成不定式.句子的主语与动词不定的主语不一时,可以在动词不定式前加逻辑主语forsb.Heistooyoungtojointhearmy(军队).他年纪太小，不能去参军。Themathproblemistoodifficultformetoworkout.这道数学题对我来说太难了，做不出。too?to?可以与enoughto和so?that?转换.与enoughto转换时,enough前的形容词,副词必须是too后面形容词,副词的反义词,并使用其否定句式.Sheistooyoungtodothework.==sheisn’toldenoughtodothework.与so?that?转换时,that后面的从句要用否定形式.Tomistootiredtowalkanyfarther.==Tomissotiredthathecan’twalkanyfarther.—————————————————————————————————————————————————————6.cost1)动词,花费\价值(多少钱)Howmuchdiditcost?这花了多少钱,Ididn’tbuyitbecauseitcosttoomuch.我没有买，因为它太贵了。Themealcostusabout100yuan.这顿饭花费了我大约100块3.7.pay,spend,cost,take的区别pay花费(多少钱),主语是人.Sb.paysomemoneyforsth.Ipaid5000yuanforthecomputerlastweek.我上个星期花了5000买电脑。Spend花费(多少钱或时间),主语是人.Sb.spendsomemoneyonsth.Sb.spendsometime(in)doingsth.Ispent5000yuanonthecomputerlastweek.Shespent2hours(in)doingherhomework.她花了2个小时做作业。cost花费(多少钱),主语是物.Sth.costsb.somemoney.Thisjacketcosthim200dollars.这件夹克衫花费她200美元。take花费(时间),主语为ItIttakessb.sometimetodosth.花费某人多少时间做某事Howlongdoesittakesb.todosth?花费某人多少时间做某事?IttookLiuHong2hourstodoherhomework.刘红花了2个小时—————————————————————————————————————————————————————做作业。8.sleep,sleeping,sleepy,asleep,fallasleep,beasleepsleep动词,睡觉,强调动作.Iamverytired.Iwanttosleep.我很累，想睡觉。sleeping,Sleep的现在分词,表示“正在睡觉”Don’tmakesomuchnoise.Thebabyissleeping.不要这么吵，宝宝在睡觉。sleepy想睡觉的,困倦的.Iamalittlesleepy.I’dliketogotobed.我有点困了，我想去床上睡觉了。asleep睡着了的.TheteacherfoundTomasleepinclassandkepthimbehindafterschool.老师发现汤姆上课睡觉，放学后就把他留了下来。fallasleep强调从没有睡着到睡着的过程,不能接一段时间Icouldn’tfallasleepuntilitwasverylatelastnight.我昨天晚上到很晚才睡着。beasleep表示睡着后的状态,“睡着了”,可以接一段时间.Hewasasleepforthreehours.他睡了3个小时。9.choose动词,“选择,挑选”,过去式chose,过去分词chosenchoosetodosth.选择做某事—————————————————————————————————————————————————————WechooseMikeasourleader(领导).我们选择迈克作为我们的领导。Willyouhelpmechooseadictionary?你会帮我选一本字典吗,10.open(1)动词,打开,开业,开张,展现Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?你介意我把窗户打开吗,(2)形容词,beopen开着的,开放的Onweekendstheswimmingpoolisopentothepublic.在周末，这个游泳池是对公众开放的。close动词,关闭,关上,合上closed形容词,beclosed关着的,关闭的11.ratherthan而不是??后面跟名词,代词,从句Thecolorseemsgreenratherthanblue.这种颜色看上去像绿色而不是蓝色。Wedependonyouratherthanonhim.我们依赖的是你父亲而不是他。prefertodosthratherthandosth.宁愿??,也不??Shepreferredtostayathomeratherthangowithus.她宁愿待在家里也不愿和我们一起去。12.instead(1)位于句首,表示“反而,相反”Ididn’tgotothecinemalastnight，instead,IwatchedafootballmatchonTV.我昨天晚上没有去看电影，反而是在家里看了场足球赛。(2)位于句尾,表示“作为代替,而是”—————————————————————————————————————————————————————Idon’tlikethisone,pleasegivemethatinstead.我不喜欢这件，给我那件吧。insteadof后跟名词,代词,动名词,介词短语.表示“代替,而不是”Wewalkeddownthestairsinsteadoftakingtheelevator(电梯).我们不是坐电梯下