八年级第一学期牛津英语知识点梳理及配套练习

20131224八年级第一学期牛津英语知识点梳理及配套练习八年级第一学期牛津英语知识点梳理(4-6)ChapterFourNumbers知识点梳理:I.词组1.withanamazingbrain用惊人的大脑2.giveananswer提供答案3.oddnumber奇数4.evennumbers偶数5.adecimalnumber小数6.afraction分数7.add…and…/plus加8.subtract…from…/minus减9.multipliedby乘10.dividedby除11.anumbershowingdegrees显示度数的数字12.alivingcomputer活的电脑13.solvetheproblem解题atleast至少14.15.aninternationallanguage国际语言inancienttimes在古代16.17.inmanydifferentways以许多不同的方式18.inthesameway以同样的方式intens以十进制19.20.thesystemofnumbers数字系统21.AconsistofBA包括B22.from…to…从…到…23.invent/invention/inventor发明v./发明(指事情)n./发明家n.24.findtheanswer做出答案25.calculate/calculation/calculator计算v./计算n./计算器n.26.calculatingmachine计算机器27.programcomputerwithinstructions用指令给电脑输入程序28.took50seconds花费50秒钟29.thebeadsonthewires铁线上珠子30.electroniccalculator电子计算器31.squareroots平方根32.beagainst反对33.inaflash立刻，马上34.doacalculation作计算35.inone’swholelife在某人的整个一生中II.英英解释1.ancientadj.many,manyyearsago2.consistofbemadeupof八年级第一学期牛津英语知识点梳理13.inventv.madeforthefirsttime4.accurateadj.withoutmistakes5.internationaladj.usedbymorethanonecountryornation6.systemn.agroupofthingsthatworktogether7.developev.growbigger8.calculatev.usenumberstofindanswers9.representv.standfor10.powerfuladj.strong11.electronicadj.usingelectronsforpower12.amazingadj.verysurprising13.solvev.findananswerto14.percentagesn.amountsthatarepartofahundred15.programv.giveorderstoacomputerIII.词性转换1.power----powerful2.accurate----accurately3.calculate----calculation----calculating4.amaze----amazed----amazing5.develop----development6.electron----electronic----electric----electrical7.invent----invention----inventor8.live----living----aliveIV.语法数词的用法数词分基数词和序数词。基数词表示数目，序数词表示顺序。1.基数词的用法(1)基数词在句中主要用作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语，例如:ThirtyofthemarePartymembers.(主语)---Howmanywouldyoulike,---Three，please((作宾语)ThenineboysarefromTianjing.(定语)Sixplusfouristen.(表语)Wefourwillgowithyou.(同位语)(2)表示一个具体数字时，hundred,thousand,million一律不用复数;在表示一个不确定数字时则用复数。例如:Ourcountryhasapopulationof1,300millionpeople.Therearethreethousandstudentsinourschool.Afterthewar,thousandsofpeoplebecamehomeless.Theyarrivedintwosandthrees((3)表示“……十”的数词的复数形式可用来表示人的岁数或年代，例如:Heisinhisearlythirties(Hediedstillinhisforties(Thistookplacein1930s((4)表示时刻用基数词。例如:Wegetupatsix.Theworkersbeginworkateight.表示“几点过几分”，用介词past,但须在半小时以内。例如:tenpastten,aquarterpastnine,halfpasttwelve八年级第一学期牛津英语知识点梳理2表示“几点差几分”用介词to,但分数须在半小时以上。例如:twentytonine,fivetoeight,aquartertoten表示“几点几分”还可直接用基数词。例如:sevenfifteen,eleventhirty2.序数词的用法(1)序数词主要用作定语，前面要加定冠词，例如:Thefirsttruckiscarryingafootbaskets(Johnlivesonthefifteenthfloor((2)序数词有时用缩写形式:first?1stsecond?2ndthird?3rdfourth?4thtwenty-second?22nd(3)由几个序数词和基数词在拼写时不对应，很容易写错，应特别注意。它们是:one---first,two---second,three---third,five---fifth,eight---eighth,nine---ninth,twelve---twelfth。(4)表示年，月，日时，年用基数词表示，日用序数词表示。例如:1949年十月一日读作:October(the)first,nineteensixty2008年九月十日读作:September(the)tenth,twothousandandeight(5)表示分数时，分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示。分子大于1时，分母加-s。例如:three-fourths,one-second(ahalf),two-fifthsChapter5Lookitup知识点梳理:I词组1usefulencyclopaedia有用的百科全书2knowabout了解describedinosaurs描述恐龙34lookup查阅5buyheranencyclopaedia买给她一本百科全书6liveonearth住在地球上7morethansixtymillionyearsago六千多万年前8millionsofdinosaurs数百万只恐龙9liveeverywhere到处居住10beharmless/harmful无害的/有害的11unlikemostotherdinosaurs不象其他大多数恐龙12leavebehind留下13afamousamusementpark一个著名的游乐园14intheUnitedStatesofAmerica.在美国15DisneylandParks迪斯尼乐园16becreatedbyWaltDisney由沃特迪斯尼创建17befamousfor因……而著名18cartooncharacters卡通人物19sellnewspapers卖报纸20delivermails送信21drawcartoonsforfilms为电影画卡通形象22becomerichandfamous变得富有和著名23afamousthinker一个著名的思想家24ownasfewthingsaspossible拥有的东西越少越好八年级第一学期牛津英语知识点梳理325kneelbyafountain在一个喷泉旁跪下drinkwaterfromhishands用手捧水喝2627throwaway扔掉28becomeevenhappier变得更加开心II.英英解释1amusementpark(n):fun-fair”parkwithridesandgames2amusement(n):somethingthatgivespeoplepleasureorfun3cartoon(n):adrawingorfilmofdrawingsthatusuallymakesyoulaugh4character(n):aperson,animalinabook,play,film,etc5created(v):madeorproducedusingbodyormind6delivered(v):broughtortooksomethingtosomeone7existed(v):lived,were/wasreal8finally(adv):lastly;intheendfootprints(n):marksmadeonthegroundbyafoot910harmful(adj.):causingharm11harmless(adj.):notcausingharm12jar(n):aroundcontainerforholdingfoodordrinkskneel(v):godownonone’sknees1314mail(n):letters,parcels,etc.,sentbypostown(v):tohaveasone’sbelongings/property;topossess1516skeleton(n):thebonesthatsupportthebodyIII.词性转换:1Greece------Greek2harm------harmful------harmless3amuse------amusement------amusing4think------thinker5die------death------dead6fierce------fiercely7happy------happiness8final------finally9create------creation------creative------creator10exist------existence11mouse------mice(pl.)12foot------footprintIV.重点句型:1Somewereassmallaschickens.Otherswereasbigastenelephants.2Theywereasgentleassheepandateplants.3Theywerefiercerthantigersandatemeat,unlikemostotherdinosaurs.4Hetaughtthatthewaytobehappywastoownasfewthingsaspossible.5Oneday,hesawasmallboykneelingbyafountain.6SoDiogenesthrewawayhiscupandbecameevenhappier.7DisneylandisafamousamusementparkintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.八年级第一学期牛津英语知识点梳理48DisneylandParkwascreatedbyWaltDisney.Afterleavingschoolandstudyingartatnight,hesoldnewspapersanddeliveredmail.910Walt’smostfamouscartooncharacter,MickeyMouse,wasarealmouse.11SoonMickeybecameastarandWaltbecamerichandfamous.V.语法重点:1this,that,these,those的用法:参见P67.2可数名词、不可数名词的用法:参见P68---69.3bemadeof+material参见P70.4形容词、副词的原级、比较级和最高级。参见课文。Chapter6NobodyWins,I,I词汇1.unexplored.adj.未被开发的explorev.勘探，开发2.springv.弹起3.trustv.相信4.typen.类、种类5.approachv.接近6.favourn.好处、喜爱favouritea.最喜欢的7.captainn.船长、队长8.losta.失去的losev.遗失、失去9.landv.着陆10.trapn.圈套、陷阱truea.真实的11.truthn.事实12.pilotn.飞行员peacen.和平13.peacefula.和平的14.valleyn.山谷15.laughtern.笑、笑声laughv.笑16.smootha.光滑的、平坦的17.partlyadv.部分18.dulla.无趣的、呆滞的19.monstern.怪物、妖怪20.quarreln./v.吵架、争论八年级第一学期牛津英语知识点梳理521.arguev.争论、辩论argumentn.争论22.offerv.提供23.singlea.单一的、单个的24.frightenv.使惊恐frighteneda.受惊的frighteninga.令人恐怖的25.bloodn.血、血液26.cruela.残酷的、悲惨的27.steeln.钢、钢铁28.customn.习惯、风俗29.spacemann.宇航员30.navigatorn.领航员31.cliffn.悬崖32.storeyn.层33.earth-type类似地球状的34.dawnn.黎明、破晓35.magnetn.磁铁36.bedsidea.床旁的37.hopv.单脚跳38.kangaroon.袋鼠39.glowinga.发光的40.roarv.吼叫、怒号41.alienn.外星人42.rocketn.火箭43.telescopen.望远镜44.cometn.彗星II词组1.besure确信2.belost迷路3.beintrouble处于麻烦中4.allover全部5.ruboutof用完6.towardsevening傍晚时分7.landon着陆8.closeto接近9.twostoreyshigh两层楼高10.onthebed在床上11.haveabath洗澡12.onthebedsidetable在床头柜上13.getoutof从…出去八年级第一学期牛津英语知识点梳理614.hopin跳进来15.looklike看起来像16.exceptthat除了…之外17.turnto/towardssb.转向某人18.turnround/around转身19.givearoar发出吼声20.turnone’sbloodintoice将某人的血变成冰21.inthevalley在山谷中22.pressabutton按按钮23.onthewall在墙上24.springfromtheground从地上跃起25.inatrap在陷阱里26.pullthegunsfromone’shands从某人手里拔枪27.haveaplan有个计划28.comeinpeace为了和平来29.roarwithlaughter边笑边嚷30.beinpieces被撕成粉碎31.dosb.afavour帮助某人32.findtheway探明道路33.takeoff起飞34.hadbetter(not)dosth最好(不)做某事八年级第一学期牛津英语知识点梳理7III(句型1.Heoftentellshisfriendsstoriesofhisadventures.2.tellsb.sth.告诉某人某事注意tell,say,speak,talk的区别*say注重说话的内容，主要搭配有saysth.,say+直接引语,say+that引导的间接语。*speak强调说话的方式、地点、能力、动作和说话的人。一般表示“演说，演讲，讲话”时，它是不及物动词。作及物动词时，后面可加某种语言，如speakChinese等。*tell把某事告诉某人，叫某人做某事。常见搭配有tellsb.sth.,tellsb.todosth.tellsb.that从句，tell还有“分辨”的意思，例tellthedifference*talk指两者或多人的交流或交谈,搭配有talktosb.(强调一人讲，多人听),talkwithsb.(相互间交流)等。2.Peters,ournavigator,waslostagain.*ournavigator是插入语(同位语)，补充说明Peters的身份。Englishteacher,camein.例MissLi,our*belost“迷路，迷失方向”，loseone'sway也表示“迷路”。3.Wewererunningoutoffood,sotowardsevening,welandedonanunexploredplanet.我们的食物快没了，临近夜晚，我们在一个未经探索的行星上着陆。*runoutof:finishoruseup用尽e.g.We'rerunningoutofbreadtoday.*unexplored(adj.):nevervisitedbefore未开发的e.g.TheMoonwasunexploredbeforeArmstrongandAldrinlandedonit.在Armstrong和Aldrin登月前，月球是未被探索过的领域。*towardsevening将近傍晚，天快黑时。在这里towards是“(时间)近......，左右”的意思。例:towardsoneo'clock将近一点钟*explore(v.)勘探4.closeto:near接近e.g.Iliveclosetomyoffice.我住得离办公室很近。Shewashotsoshesatclosetotheair-conditioner.她很热，所以她坐在空调旁边。5.storey(n.):floororlevelofabuilding楼层e.g.Ourflatisonthefifthstoreyofabuildingwith58storeys.我们的公寓在那幢58层楼房的五楼。区别:story故事stories(pl.)6.Alltwelveofuslefttheshipandapproachedthedoorscarefully.我们十二个人离开了飞船并且小心地来到门边。Approach(vt.):go/cometowards接近八年级第一学期牛津英语知识点梳理8e.g.Thetrainsloweddownasitapproachedthestation.当火车进站时，它的速度慢了下来。7.furniture(u.n.)家具(不可数名词)e.g.apieceoffurniture一件家具asetoffurniture一套家具8.It'sclearlypartlyhuman,soitmaybeafriendlymonster.*partly(adv.)部分地;少许e.g.Ibelievethestoryispartlytrue.我相信那个故事部分是真的。Thewindowwaspartlyopen.那窗打开了一点点。part(n.):部分*maybe可能是，在句中作谓语，通常放在句中。mustbe“一定是”，对肯定的猜测。can'tbe“不可能是”，对否定的猜测。9.Itlookedalmosthumanexceptthatithadasingle,huge,red,glowingeye.(那个怪物)看上去就像人，只是它有一只又大、又红且发光的眼睛。*except:除……之外(表示所说的不包括在内)e.g.WegotoschooleverydayexceptSaturdayandSunday.除了周六、周日，我们每天都上学。比较:besides(1)除……之外(还有).g.Therewereforpeopleintheroombesidesme.e除我以外房间里还有四个人。Ihavethreeotherhatsbesidesthis.除了这顶帽子，我还有三顶。(2)而且;再者e.g.Idon’tlikethatnewdictionary.Besides,itistooexpensive.我不喜欢那本新字典，再者，它也太贵了。*single(adj.):单一的;单独的e.g.singlelife:独身生活single/doubleroom单人/双人房间10.Followingthemwasahugemonster.本句为倒装句，正常的语序为:Ahugemonsterwasfollowingthem.又如:Herecomesthebus.11.Hegavearoarthatturnedourbloodtoice.他发出一声吼叫，使我们毛骨悚然。*roar既可作名词，又可作动词。在本句中为名词。Gorkroared,"Ican'tsee!Myeye!"(作动词)*turnone'sbloodintoice“使某人的血都凝固了”，形容非常害怕。12.Steelbarssprangfromthegroundaroundusandclosedoverourheads.*spring(v.):riseupquickly(sprang,sprung)弹起e.g.Wesprangtoourfeetwhentheprincipalenteredtheroom.当校长进屋时，我们站了起来。八年级第一学期牛津英语知识点梳理9springfromtheground从地上弹出*spring(n.)春天，泉水13.Wewerecaughtlikeratsinatrap.我们像老鼠一样被机关抓住。*trap(n.):instrumentforcatchingsomething/someonein陷阱e.g.Thefarmerboughtatraptocatchrats.那农民买了只捕鼠器来抓老鼠。fallintoatrap落入圈套setatrapfor为……设下圈套*becaught为被动语态。14.I’lldoyouafavour.我会帮你一个忙。*favour(n.):akindaction恩惠dosomebodyafavour=helpsomebody帮某人一个忙e.g.Couldyoudomeafavour?你能帮我一个忙吗,DomeafavourandturnofftheTV.帮我个忙，把电视机关了。*favourite(adj.):最喜爱的e.g.MyfavouritefilmstarisJackyChen.我最喜欢的影星是成龙。IV语法:一般将来时A.助动词will+动词原形描述将来的动作I/YouwillgotoswimI/YouwillnotgotoswimWillI/youwillgotoswimHe/She/ItwillgotoswimHe/She/It+willnotgotoswimWillhe/she/itwillgotoswimWe/You/TheywillgotoswimWe/You/TheywillnotgotoswimWillwe/you/theygotoswimWill构成的一般将来时的肯定形式可缩略为I/you/she/he/it/we/they’ll;否定形式可缩略为I/you/she/he/it/we/theywon’tWill构成的一般将来时表示刚决定要做的事情。Will构成的一般将来时可表示“预见”。当表示预见未来的时候，常和一些表示意见的词连用。B.be动词+goingto+动词原形用来描述将来要发生的动作或状态IamgoingtowalkIamnotgoingtowalkAmIgoingtowalkYouaregoingtowalkYouarenotgoingtowalkAreyougoingtowalkHe/She/ItisgoingtowalkHe/She/ItisnotgoingtowalkIshe/she/itgoingtowalkWe/You/TheyaregoingtowalkWe/You/TheyarenotgoingtowalkArewe/you/theyaregoingtowalk此结构可缩略为:I’mgoingto,he/she/it’sgoingto,we/you/they’aregoingto用begoingto结构表示一般将来时主要用来描述将来将要发生的动作或状态，尤其用来表示“意图”，即打算在最近或将来要做的事情，也就是已经决定好，将来一定发生的事情用begoingto结构还可以表示“预见”，即现在有迹象表明将要发生或即将发生某种情况。C.在使用一般将来时来描述将来的打算、动作或愿望时，常用到各种表示“将来时间”八年级第一学期牛津英语知识点梳理10的时间状语。tomorrow(明天)thedayaftertomorrow(后天)nextweek(下周)soon(不久之后)thisevening(今晚)I’llmeetyouintheevening(在晚上)intenminutes(10分钟后)onThursday(在星期四)at3:30(在3点半)etc这些时间不仅可以放在句末，也可以放在句首。关于in、on和at与时间连用，作时间状语的搭配。值得注意的是，在today、yesterday、tomorrow、thedaybeforeyesterday、thedayaftertomorrow、soon、last、next前不加in、on或at.Chapter7NobodyWins,II,知识点梳理:I词组1.ataspeedof以---速度2.shinebrightly明亮地照耀3.goaround围绕---转4.weighless/more更轻/重5.havenoweight没有重力6.intendtodosth.想要做某事7.escapefrom从---逃离8.liedown躺下9.fallasleep倒下睡着10.takesthfrom---从---拿出---11.smallpowerfullasertorch小而强大的激光手电筒12.inaplasticcase在塑料箱中13.usesthtodo用---做某事14.too---to---太---而不能---15.(afew)momentslater过了一会儿16.wakeup唤醒，醒来17.aimat瞄准18.pressthebutton按下按钮19.goout熄灭20.haveabaddream做噩梦21.bythistime到此时为止八年级第一学期牛津英语知识点梳理1122.jointhecrew加入团队23.hideamongthekangaroos躲在袋鼠群中24.hopthroughthenarrowopening跳过狭窄的洞口25.feelsth.withone’shands用手触摸---26.bedonefor被毁灭27.happentosb.发生在---身上28.movetowards向---移动29.makesure确认30.finishdoing完成某事II.英英解释1.aim:(v.)pointsomethingatsomeone2.attack:(v.)starttohurtsomeoneordamagesomething3.attract:(v.)pullsomething/someonetowardssomething4.beam:(n.)rayoflight5.crew:(n.)groupofpeoplewhoworkonashiporplane6.donefor:(v.)killed/destroyed/badlyhurt7.escape:(v.)getawayfromaplacetofreedom8.eventually:(adv.)intheend/afteratime/atlast9.figure:(n.)theshapeofalivingbody10.freedom:(n.)beingfree,notbeingaprisoner,beingabletosay/go/dowhatyouwant11.immediately:(n.)atonce/withoutdelay12.interrupt:(v.)speakbeforesomeoneelsehasfinishedspeaking/doingsomething13.laser:(n.)adevicethatproducesaverypowerfulbeamoflight14.panic:(v.)showgreatfearstrong,wildfear15.safety:(n.)freedomfromdanger16.snore:(v.)breathenoisilywhilesleeping17.towards:(prep.)inthedirectionof18.goout:(v.)stopshining/burningIII.语言点1.lie,lie(v.)“躺”lie(lay,lain)e.g.It’scomfortabletolieonthesofa.Helikeslyingonthesofa.,lie(v)“位于”lie(lay,lain)e.g.ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.,lie(v.)&(n.)“说谎”lie(lied,lied)e.g.Henevertellsalie.Heliedtohisparents.2.fallasleep躺下睡着feelsleepy感觉困倦的3.power,power(n.)“力量”e.g.Electricitygivespowerforelectriclights.八年级第一学期牛津英语知识点梳理12powerstation“发电站”,power(v.)“给---动力”(常用被动)e.g.Thecarispoweredbyanewkindofengine.,powerful(a.)“强有力的”e.g.Chinaisnowapowerfulcountry,powerfully(adv.),powerless(a.)“无力的，软弱的”e.g.Iampowerlesstohelpy