大学英语四级模拟试卷192

大学英语四级模拟试卷192

一、作文（本题共7题，每题7.0分，共7分。）

1、Forthispari,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicChanges

inCollegeStudents'WaysofSpendingSummerVacation.Yourcompositionshouldbe

basedontheinformationgivenintable.Youshouldwritenolessthan120words

accordingtothefollowingoutline:1.Statethechangesbriefly;2.Givethepossible

reasonsforthechanges;3.Predictthetrendofchanges.Ways1990s2000sStayingat

home55%32%Traveling16%30%Doingsocialinvestigations9%28%Otherways

20%10%

标准答案：ChangesinCollegeStudents5WaysofSpendingSummerVacationFrom

thetablewecanseethatinthepasttenyearsthenumberofstudentswhogotraveling

anddosocialinvestigationduringsummervacationhasincreasedgreatlywhilethatof

thosewhostayathomehasdecreasedalot.Thepossiblereasonsforthisareasfollows.

Tobeginwith,withthedevelopmentofeconomymanypeoplehavebecomerich.More

andmorestudentsareabletogetfinancialsupportfromtheirparentsfortraveling.Also,

tourismhasgreatlydevelopedoverthepasttenyears.Manynewscenicspotshavebeen

constructed.Secondly,theopendoorpolicyhasbroughtinfromiheoutsideworldmine

newideasonpoliticsandeconomyandhascausedgreatchangesinChina,sothe

governmenthasbeenencouragingcollegestudentstodoinvestigationsontherapid

developmentinbothurbanandruralareas.Itcanbepredicatedthatmoreandmore

collegestudentswillmaketheirsummervacationinterestingandmeaningfulbygoingto

theoutsideworldinsteadofstayingathome.

知识点解析：这是一篇给出英文提纲的图表式说明文。根据提纲要求，文章首段

点明十年间大学生过暑假方式的变化：去旅行和做社会调杳的人数大大增加，而待

在家里的人数大大减少。第二段作者分析了这种变化的原因，认为最大的可能是许

多家庭的收入增长了，父母能支付孩子去旅行；其二是经济开放政策给政治和经济

方面带来了很大的变化，政府鼓励大学生去做社会调查了解城市和农村的发展。在

第三段作者预测越来越多的大学生会在暑假走出家门，使暑假更有乐趣和意义。

文章条理清晰，层次分明，是一篇规范的图表式因果法作文。

二、快速阅读理解（本题共70题，每题7.0分，共70

分。）

NaturalgasVehiclesKermittheFrogoncesaid,"It'snotthateasybeinggreen."Although

hewasn'treferringtocars,hisobservationseemsparticularlyappropriatefortheauto

industrytoday:Designing,developingandmarketing"green“carshasnotbeenaneasy

task,whichiswhygasolinepoweredvehiclesstillruletheroadandfossilfuelsstillac

countforalmost75percentoftheworld'senergyconsumption.Asgasolinepricessoar

andconcernoverharmfulemissionmounts,however,carsthatrunonalternatefuel

sourceswillbecomeincreasinglyimportant.Anaturalgasvehicle,orNGV,istheperfect

exampleofsuchacaritsfuelefficient,environmentallyfriendlyandoffersarelatively

lowcostofownership.NaturalGasBasicsTheword"gas"isaconfusingtermbecauseit

isusedtodescribemanydifferentsubstancesthataresimilarhutnotexactlythesame.

Forexample,the"gas"youputinyourcarisgasoline,onecomponentofcrudeoil,or

petroleum.Petroleumisadark,stickyliquidmixtureofcompoundsformedunderground

bytiledecayofancientmarineanimals.Naturalgasalsocranesfromthedecayofancient

organisms,butitnaturallytakesagaseousforminsteadofaliquidform.Naturalgas

commonlyoccursinassociationwithcrudeoil.Itisderivedfrombothlandplantsand

aquatic(水中的)organicmatterandformsaboveorbelowoildeposits.Itisoften

dissolvedincrudeoilatthehighpressuresexistinginareservoir.Therearealso

reservoirsofnaturalgas,knownasnonassociatedgas,thatcontainonlygasandnooil.

Naturalgasconsistsprimarilyofmelhane(甲烷)andotherhydrocarbongases.

Hydrocarbonsareorganiccompoundscomposedonlyoftheelementscarbonand

hydrogen.Thehydrocarbonsinnaturalgasarecalledsaturatedhydrocarbonsbecause

theycontainhydrogenandcarbonboundtogetherbysinglebonds.Likegasoline,natural

gasiscombustible,whichmeansitcanbeusedinacombustionenginelikegasoline.But

carsthatcouldburnnaturalgasdidn'tappearonthesceneuntilthe1930s.FromFieldto

FordWcextractnaturalgastrappedinundergroundreservoirsbydrillingwellsintoihc

earth.Amodemwell,equippedwithdiamondstuddeddrillbits,candrilltodepths

approaching25,000feet.Throughoutthe19lhcentury,theuseofnaturalgasremained

localizedbecausetherewasnowaytotransportlargequantitiesofgasoverlong

distances.In1890,theinventionofaleakproofpipelinecouplingmadeitpossibleto

transportgasmilesfromthesource,Improvementsinpipelinetechnologycontinuedover

thenexttwodecadesconstructedmorethan10majornaturalgastransmissionsystemsin

theUnitedStates,makingnaturalgasaviableenergysourceformanyapplications.The

oilshortagesofthelate1960sandearly1970sbroughtrenewedinterestinnaturalgasas

afuelsource,especiallyforautomobiles.Today,ownersofnaturalgasvehiclescanfillup

theircarsatoneof1,300fuelingstationslocatedintheUnitedStates.Hondaalsooffers

apersonalnaturalgaspumptopeoplewhopurchaseitsnaturalgaspoweredCivic.The

pumpusesahome'sexistingnaturalgaslinesandcanbeinstalledfor$500to$1500.

NaturalgasVehicleDesignNaturalgasvehiclesusethesamebasicprinciplesasgasoline

poweredvehicles.Inotherwords,thefuel(naturalgasinthiscase)ismixedwithairin

thecylinderofafburstrokcengineandthenignitedbyasparkplugtomoveapistonup

anddown.Althoughtherearesomedifferencesbetweennaturalgasandgasolineinterms

offlammabilityandignitiontemperatures,NGVsthemselvesoperateonthesame

fundamentalconceptsasgasolinepoweredvehicles.Still,somemodificationsarerequired

tomakeanNGVworkefficiently.Thesechangesareprimarilyinthefuelstoragetank,

theengineandthechassis.AdvantagesThebiggestadvantageofNGVsisthatthey

reduceenvironmentallyharmfulemissions.Naturalgasvehiclescanachieveuptoa93

percentreductionincarbonmonoxideemissions,33percentreductioninemissionsof

variousoxidesofnitrogenanda50percentreductioninreactivehydrocarbonswhen

comparedtogasolinevehicles.NGVsalsoratehigherinparticulatematter10(PM10)

emissions.PM10particlestransportanddeposittoxicmaterialsthroughtheair.NGVs

thatoperateindieselapplicationscanreducePM10emissionsbyafactorof10.

Naturalgasvehiclesalsoofferthesebenefits:NGVsaresafer.Thefuelstoragetankson

anNGVarethickerandstrongerthangasolineordiesel(内燃机车)tanks.Therehasnot

beenanNGVfueltankruptureinmorethantwoyearsintheUnitedStates.Naturalgas

costsarelowerthangasoline.Onaverage,naturalgascostsonethirdlessthangasolineat

thepump.Naturalgasisconvenientandabundant.Aweltestablishedpipeline

infrastructureexistsintheUnitedStatestodelivernaturalgastoalmosteveryurbanarea

andmostsuburbanareas.Therearemorethan1,300NGVfuelingstationsintheUnited

States,andmorearebeingaddedeveryday.Naturalgaspriceshaveexhibitedsignificant

stabilitycomparedtooilprices.Historically,naturalgaspriceshaveexhibitedsignificant

pricestabilitycomparedtothepricesofpetroleumbasedfuels.Thisstabilitymakesit

easiertoplanaccuratelyforlongtermcosts.NGVshavelowermaintenancecosts.

Becausenaturalgasburnssocleanly,itresultsinlessv/earandtearontheengineand

extendsthetimebetweentuneupsandoilchanges.DisadvantagesOneofthebiggest

complaintsaboutNGVsisthattheyaren'tasroomyasgasolinecars.Thisisbecause

NGVshavetogiveuppreciouscargoandtrunkspacetoaccommodatethefuelstorage

cylinders.Notonlythat,thesecylinderscanbeexpensivetodesignandbuilda

contributingfactortothehigheroverallcostsofanaturalgasvehiclecomparedtoa

gasolinepoweredcar.AnotherdrawbackisthelimiteddrivingrangeofNGVs,whichis

typicallyabouthalfthatofagasolinepoweredvehicle.Forexample,Honda'snaturalgas

Civic,iheCivicGX,cangoupto220mileswithoutrefueling.Atypicalgasolinepowered

Civiccangoapproximately350mileswithoutrefueling.IfadedicatedNGVranoutof

fuelontheroad,itwouldhavetobetowedtotheowner'shomeortoalocalnaturalgas

refuelingstation,whichmightbehardertofindthana"regular"gasstation.Finally,it

shouldbenotedthatnaturalgas,likegasoline,isafossilfuelandcannotbeconsidereda

renewableresource.WhilenaturalgasreservesintheUnitedStatesarestillconsiderable,

theyarenotinexhaustible,somepredictthatthereareenoughnaturalgasreserves

remainingtolastanother67.1years,assumingthatthe2003levelofproduction

continues.

2、ThispassageexplainsthebasicideaofNGVsandexaminesthebenefitsand

shortcomingsofthistechnology.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题是一道主旨题。综合原文的标题和各个小标题可知，文章探讨了

天然气交通工具的基础原理(basics)、发展过程、设计(design)、优点(advantages)和

缺点(disadvantages)。因此题干说文章介绍了天然气交通工具的基本知识和优缺点

是正确的。

3、Naturalgasismainlymadeupofmethaneandotherhydrocarbongasses.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本句符合文章的内容。根据第一个小标题下的第三段首句可知。

4、Thebasicprinciplesappliedtonaturalgasvehiclesarequitedifferentfromthose

appliedtogasolinepoweredvehicles.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本句不符合文章的内容。第三个小标题中讨论了天然气交通工具的工

作原理，首句指出天然气交通工具和汽油交通工具使用（hesamebasicprinciples,

题干的quitedifferent与原文相悖。

5、ThebiggestadvantageprovidedbyNGVsisthattheyhelpreducecaraccidentstoa

greatdegree.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本句不符合文章的内容。由小标题advantages下的第一句话可知。

6、Theaveragecostofnaturalgasisonethirdlessthanthatofgasolineatthepump.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本句符合小标题advanlages下第四自然段的内容。

7、NGVsaren'tasroomyasgasolinecarsbecausetheyhavetogiveupcargoandtrunk

spacetoaccommodatethefuelstoragecylinders.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本句符合小标题disadvantages下第一自然段的内容。

8、TheUnitedStateshaslargeruseofNGVsthantheothercountriesinEurope.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本句在文中没有提到。

9、Notuntilthewerethecarsthatcouldburnnaturalgasinvented.

标准答案：1930s

知识点解析：从第一个小标题下最后一段可找到答案。

10>Naturalgastrappedinundergroundreservoirsisextractedby.

标准答案:drillingwellsintotheearth

知识点解析：从第二个小标题的第一句话中可找到答案。

11、Peoplerenewedtheirinterestinnaturalgasasafuelasaresultofofthelate

1960sandearly1970s.

标准答案：theoilshortages

知识点解析：从第二个小标题的第二自然段中可找到答案。

三、听力短对话（本题共8题，每题1.0分，共8分。）

12、

A、Leaveallinthemorning.

B、Finishtheworksbeforemidnight.

C、Nottrytofinisheverythingtonight.

D、Workfrommidnighttomorning.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

13、

A、Inadepartmentstore.

B、Inapostoffice.

C、Inabank.

D^Inagrocerystore.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

14、

A^He'llprobablynotgcsinceheisbusy.

B>Hewillnotregretmissingachancelikethat.

C、He'lldefinitelygo.

D^Heissurethathewon'tgo

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

15、

A、SheisveryhappythattheEnglishclasswascancelled.

Shemeanttogobutslipped.

C>Shemeanttogotoclassbutforgot.

D、Sheforgottotellhim.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

16、

A、ThemanwillmeetthewomantomoiTow.

B、Themanandthewomanhaveanappointmentat7o'clock.

C、Thewomancan'tfinishmakingthejambefore7o'clock.

D、Thewomanwon'tbeabletoseethemanthisevening.

标准答案：B「

知识点解析：暂无解析

17、

A、Mr.Jones'neighbor.

B、Mr.Jones'babysitter.

C^Mr.Jones'wife.

D、Astranger.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

18、

A、ShedoesnotagreewithJack.

B、Jack'sperformanceisdisappointing.

C、Mostpeoplewillfindbasketballboring.

D、ShesharesJack'sopinion.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

19、

A、Themanwenttoawrongcheckincounter.

B、Themanhasjustmissedhisflight.

C、Theplanewillleaveat9:14.

D、Theplane'sdeparturetimeremainsunknown.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

四、听力长对话（含3小题）（本题共7题，每题7.0

分，共7分。）

20、

A、Becauseoftheirloveforhobbiesandpastimes.

B>Becauseoftheirenthusiasmforsports.

C、Becauseoftheirfearofheartattacks.

D^Becauseoftheirstrongdesireforgoodhealth.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：从短文语句"Thedesiretobephysicallyfitisexplainedbye'passion1for

goodhealth.”可得出结论，美国人喜欢运动是为了更加健康，D项“为了健康原因”

是正确的选项。

21、

A、Itremainedalmostunchanged.

B、Ilwasgoingupslowly.

C^Itwasdecreasing.

D、Itwasincreasing.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：要注意短文中”…heartattacksbegantodecreasebetween1972and1974

anditisstilldecreasing.”的含义。可以看出C项“在下降”是正确答案。

22、

A、Thosewhohaveheartattacks.

B、Thosewhohavethedesiretobephysicallyfit.

C、Thosewhohavesparetime.

D^Thosewhohaveinactivejobs.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：短文中”...manydoctorsencourage,theirpatientstobecomemore

physicallyactive,especiallythosewhohaveinactivejobs.”特别是从事缺少运动工作

的人受到鼓励去参加体育锻炼，D项符合对话内容，

23、

A^Heisalwaysinahur^.

B、Heisquickinmakingdecisions.

C、Heisalwaysthefirsttoarriveattheairport.

D^Heusuallydoesn'tgettherewardhedeserves.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：从短文中“Butthereisnojustice....getontheplanefirstbutitwillbe

thelastluggagetocomeofftheplane....nomatterhowearly...calledtwoorthreedays

aheadofmeandaskedforthatscat...,”可以看出,早到达机场的旅客并不能得到应

当得到的回报，所以D项“总是不能得到他应该获取的回报”是正确的选项。

24、

A、SaltLakeCity,USA.

B、NewYorkCity,USA.

C^Helsinki,Finland.

D、Stockholm,Sweden,

标准答案：C

知识点解析：对话中男士答到“…I'mflyingtoHelsinki,Finland."，所以他的目的

地是C项。

25、

A、Thetwentyflrst.

B、Thetwentysecond.

C、Thetwentythird.

D>1hetwentytourth.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：男士说”.…I'dliketomakeaflightreservationforthetwentythirdof

thismonth.”可知,他的离开日期是C项。

26、

A^Heaskedforaspeciallyprepareddinner.

B、Hewantedanaisleseat.

C、Herequestedablanketforhisbaby.

D、Heaskedforaseatnearthefrontoftheplane.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：对话中说Tdliketorequestavegetarianmeal.”可以判断A项”要求特

别准备的晚餐”为正确选项。

五、听力长对话（含4小题）（本题共4题，每题1.0

分，共4分。）

27、

A、Takeawalk.

B、Cleanthehouse.

C^Gotothedoctor.

D、Gotothecinema.

标准答案：B

知识点解析:对话中"…mymomaskedmetohelpcleanthehouseinthemorning...^^

可以得知B项“清扫房间”是正确的答案。

28、

A、12:00P.M..

B、1:00P.M..

C、2:00P.M..

D、4:30P.M..

标准答案：C

知识点解析：从“…needtomeetJulieat2:00tohelpher…''可以得知C项正确。

29、

A、Washthedishes.

B、Callafriend.

C、Playsoccerwithherbrother.

D、Repairthevideomachine.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：对话这样表达的”...tocookdinnerforthefamilyat5:30...then,Ihave

tocleanthedishesand....显而易见正确选项为A项。

30、

A、Themachineisn'tworking.

B、Theycan'tdecideonavideo.

C、Susan'smotherisgoingtouseit.

D^Susanhastofinishherassignment.

标准答案：A:

知识点解析：依据对话，我们得到答案”…butourvideomachineisbroken.A项是正

确选择v

六、听力短文（含3小题）（本题共6题，每题上0

分，共6分。）

31、

A、Thethreatofpoisonousdesertanimalsandplants.

Theexhaustionofenergyresources.

C>Thedestructionofenergyresources.

D、Thespreadoftheblackpowderfromthefires.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

32、

A、Theundergroundoilresourceshavenotbeenaffected.

B、Mostofthedesertanimalsandplantshavemanagedtosurvive.

C、Theoillakessoondriedupandstoopedevaporating.

D、Theundergroundwaterresourceshavenotbeenaffected.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

33、

A、Torestorethenormalproductionoftheoilwells.

B>Toestimatethelossescausedbythefire.

C^Toremovetheoilleftinthedesert.

D^Tousetheoilleftintheoillakes.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

34、

A、Hisfriendgavehimdiewrongkey.

Hedidn'tknowwhere.thebackdoorwas.

CNHecouldirtfindthekeytohismailbox.

D、Ilwastoodarktoputthekeyinthelock.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

35、

A^Itwasgettingdark.

B、Hewasafraidofbeingblamedbyhisfriend.

C、Thebirdsmighthave11ownaway.

D、Hisfriendwouldarriveanytime.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

36、

A、Helookedsillywithonlyoneleginsidethewindow.

B>Heknewthepolicemanwouldn'tbelievehim.

C>Thetorchlightmadehimlookveryfoolish.

D^Herealizedthathehadmadeamistake.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

七、听力短文（含4小题）（本题共4题，每题1.0

分,共4分。）

37、

A、Hedidn'tlikephysicsanymore.

B、Hiseyesightwastoopoor.

C>Physicswastoohardforhim.

D、Hehadtoworktoworktosupporthimself.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

38、

A^Hewasnothappywiththenewdirector.

B、Hewasnotqualifiedtobeanengineer.

C、Hewantedtotravel.

D、Hefoundhisjobboring.

标准答案：A:

知识点解析：暂无解析

39、

A、Hewantedtoworkwithhistriend.

B、Heenjoyedtravelingaroundtheworld.

C^HewantedtogotoSpain.

D、Hewasrejectedbytheengineeringfirm.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

40、

A、HeenjoyedteachingEnglish.

B、Hewantedtoearnmoretosupporthisfamily.

C、Theowneroftheschoolpromisedhimagoodposition.

D、Hecouldearnmoreasateacherthanasatravelagent.

标准答案：B'

知识点解析：暂无解析

八、听力复合式听写（本题共〃题，每题7.0分，共

〃分。）

Theword"sport"firstmeantsomethingthatpeopledidintheir[Bl]time.Later

itoftenmeant[B2]wildanimalsandbirds.Aboutahundredyearsagotheword

wasfirstusedfor[B3]games,whichisitsusual[B4]today.People

spendtheirsparetimeplayingfootball,basketball,tennisandmanyothersports.Such

peopleplaybecausetheywantto.Somepeopleare[B5]forthesporttheyplay.

Thesepeoplearecalled[B6]sportsmen.Theymaybesportsmenforonlyafew

years,butmanyofthemcanearnalotofmoney.Ofcourse,itisonly[B7]fora

fewsportsmentoearnmuchmoneyinsportsfor[B8],likegolf,tennisand

[B9]racing.[BIO].Theyallowthecompaniestousetheirnamesor

photographsandarcpaidforthis.[Bl1].

41、[Bl]

标准答案：free

知识点解析：暂无解析

42、[B2]

标准答案:hunting

知识点解析：暂无解析

43、[B3]

标准答案：organized

知识点解析：暂无解析

44、[B4]

标准答案：meaning

知识点解析：暂无解析

45、[B5]

标准答案:paid

知识点解析：暂无解析

46、[B6]

标准答案：professional

知识点解析：暂无解析

47、[B7]

标准答案：possible

知识点解析：暂无解析

48、[B8]

标准答案：individuals

知识点解析：暂无解析

49、[B9]

标准答案：motor

知识点解析：暂无解析

50、[B10]

标准答案：Andfamousstarscanevengethugeamountsofmoneyfromadvertisements

知识点解析：暂无解析

51、[Bll]

标准答案：Sportisnolongerjustsomethingforpeople'ssparetime

知识点解析：暂无解析

九、阅读（选词填空）（本题共70题，每题7.0分，共

10分。）

Although"liedetectors"arewidelyusedbygovernments,policedepartmentsand

businesses,theresultsarenotalwaysaccurate.Liedetectorsarecommonlyknownas

emotiondetectors,fortheiraimisto[SI]bodilychangesthatcontradictwhata

[S2]says.Theliedetectorrecordschangesinheartrate,breathing,blood

pressure,andtheelectrical[S3]oftheskin.Inthefirstpartofthetest,youare

electronicallyconnectedtothemachineand[S4]afewneutralquestions(nWhat

isyourname?etc.Yourphysicalreactionsserveasthestandardforevaluatingwhat

comesafter.Thenyouarepresentedwithafew[S5]questionsamongthe

neutralones("Whendidyourobthebank?".Theideaisthatifyouare[S6],

yourbodywillrevealthetruth,evenifyou〔ryto[S7]it.Yourheanrateand

breathingwillchange[S8]asyourespondtothequestions.Thatisthetheory,

butpsychologistshavefoundthatliedetectorsaresimplynot[S9].Sincemost

physicalchangesarethesameacrosssomeemotions,liedetectorscannottellwhether

youarcfeelingangry,nervousorexcited.[S10]peoplemaybetenseand

nervousaboutthewholeprocedure.Theymayreactphysiologicallytoacertain

word("bank"notbecausetheyrobbedit,butbecausetheyrecentlyusedabadcheck.In

eitherease,themachinewillrecorda"lie”.AdisplayBmeasureCabruptlyDraisedE

suspectFcriticalGflowHguiltyIaskedJreliableKmisleadLinnocentMdenyN

criminalOnaturally

52、[SI]

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

53、[S2]

标准答案：E

知识点解析：暂无解析

54、[S3]

标准答案：G

知识点解析：暂无解析

55、[S4]

标准答案：I

知识点解析：暂无解析

56、[S5]

标准答案：F

知识点解析：暂无解析

57、[S6]

标准答案：H

知识点解析：暂无解析

58、[S7]

标准答案：M

知识点解析：暂无解析

59、[S8]

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

60、[S9]

标准答案：J

知识点解析；暂无解析

61、[S10]

标准答案：L

知识点解析：暂无解析

十、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共10题，每题1.0

分,共10分。）

Exerciseisoneofthefewfactorswithapositiveroleinlongtermmaintenanceofbody

weight.Unfortunately,thatmessagehasnotgottenthroughtotheaverageAmerican.who

wouldrathertryswitchingto"light"beerandlowcaloriebreadthanincreasephysical

exertion.TheCentersforDiseaseControl,forexample,foundthatfewerthanonefourth

ofoverweightadultswhoweretryingtoshedpoundssaidtheywerecombiningexercise

withtheirdiet.Inrejectingexercise,somepeoplemaybediscouragedtoomuchby

caloricexpenditurecharts:fbrexample,onewouldhavetobrisklywalkthreemilesjustto

workoffthe275caloriesinonedeliciousDanishpastry（小甜饼）.Evenexercise

professionalsconcedehalfapointhere.HExercisebyitselfisaverytoughwaytolose

weight,"saysYorkOnnen,programdirectorofthePresident'sCouncilonPhysical

FitnessandSports.Still,exercise'ssupportingroleinweightreductionisvital.Astudyat

theBostonUniversityMedicalCenterofoverweightpoliceofficersandotherpublic

employeesconfirmedthatthosewhodietedwithoutexerciseregainedalmostalltheirold

weight,whilethosewhoworkedexerciseintotheirdailyroutinemaintainedtheirnew

weight.Ifyouhavebeensedentary（极少活动的）anddecidetostartwalkingonemilea

day,theaddedexercisecouldburnanextra100caloriesdaily.Inayear'stime,assuming

noincreaseinfoodintake,youcouldlosetenpounds.Byincreasingthedistanceofyour

walksgraduallyandmakingotherdietaryadjustments,youmayloseevenmoreweight.

62、WhatissaidabouttheaverageAmericaninthepassage?

A^Theytendtoexaggeratethehealthfuleffectof"light"beer.

B、Theyusuallyignoretheeffectofexerciseonlosingweight.

C、Theyprefer"light"beerandlowcaloriebreadtootherdrinksandfood.

D、Theyknowthefactorsthatplayapositiveroleinkeepingdownbodyweight.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节理解题。本题定位原文的第一自然段。作者在这一段开头就指

出，虽然锻炼是能够在长期保持体重方面起积极作用的为数不多的因素之一，但这

种观念还未被一般美国人所理解。而选项B）正是这个意思的总结，所以选B）。

63、Somepeopledislikeexercisebecause.

A、theythinkitisphysicallyexhausting

B、theyfindithardtoexercisewhileonadiet

C、theydon'tthinkitpossibletowalk3mileseveryday

D^theyfindconsultingcaloricexpenditurechartstroublesome

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节推论题。这一题对应于原文的第二自然段第一句“…somepeople

maybediscouragedtoomuchbycaloricexpenditurecharts;forexample...”。这一句说

明，这些人对热量消耗表感到沮丧的原因是他们觉得锻炼消耗热量的过程太慢、太

累，而不是查询热量支出表很麻烦，所以选项D）是对此句的曲解；而选项A）则正

好反映了此句的内容。对于B）和C）,文中根本未提及。所以应选A）。

64、"Evenexerciseprofessionalsconcede'halfapointhere"（Sentence2,Paragraph2）

means"they

Axagreethatthecalorie*inasmallpieceofpastrycanbedifficulttoworkoffhy

exercise

B、partiallybelievedietplaysasupportingroleinweightreduction

C^arenotfullyconvincedthatdietingcanhelpmaintainone'snewweight

D^arenotsufficientlyinformedofthepositiveroleofexerciseinlosingweight

标准答案：D

知识点解析：语义题。本题有一定难度。B）、C）两项比较容易排除，因为全文谈论

的是锻炼的作用，而不是节食的作用。而选项A）似乎和原文第二自然段中第一句

很相像，但原文中说“快步走上3英里才能消耗掉一块甜饼所含有的热量，所以有

些人不愿意锻炼，觉得太慢、太累”，这并不意味着“一块小甜饼所含热量很难消耗

掉"。所以A）不对。而选项D）“（他们）没有充分认识到锻炼在减肥中的积极作用”符

合文章逻辑，因为正由于此，这些专业人士才会部分赞同“锻炼减肥太慢、太累'’的

观点。而此句也正好因与下一句意思相反而呼应下文.成为作者批驳错误观点，提

出正确观点的前奏。

65、WhatwasconfirmedbytheBostonUniversityMedicalCenter'sstudy?

A、Controllingone'scalorieintakeismoreimportantthandoingexercise.

B、Evenoccasionalexercisecanhelpreduceweight.

CNWeightreductionisimpossiblewithoutexercise.

D、Onecouldlosetenpoundsinayear'stimeiftheresnoincreaseinfoodintake.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节理解题。第三段第二句话的大意是：一项研究证明，那些节食而

不运动的人会恢复过去的体重，而那些将锻炼变成他们日常生活一部分的人则能保

持减肥后的体重。而C）正符合此意。所以应选C）。

66、Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthisarticle?

A^TojustifythestudyoftheBostonUniversityMedicalCenter.

B、Tostresstheimportanceofmaintainingproperweight.

C、TosupportthestatementmadebyYorkOnnen.

D、Toshowthemosteffectivewaytoloseweight.

标准答案：D」

知识点解析：主旨题。取据文章在第一句提出的论点“锻炼是能够在长期保持体重

方面起积极作用的为数不多的因素之一"，第一、二自然段中对“想不锻炼就减肥”

的错误观点的反驳，以及第三、四段中针对主题句“锻炼对于减肥的辅助作用是至

关重要的”提出的论据。我们发现，本文的主要目的是“为了指出减肥的最有效的方

法”，即选项D）。

Inadditiontotheirmilitaryrole,thefortsofthenineteenthcenturyprovidednumerous

otherbenefitsfortheAmericanWest.Theestablishmentofthesepostsopenednewroads

andprovidedfortheprotectionofdaringadventurersandexpeditionsaswellas

establishedsettlers.Fortsalsoservedasbaseswhereentrepreneurscouldbringcommerce

totheWest,providingsuppliesandrefreshmentstosoldiersaswellastopioneers.Posts

likeFortLaramieprovidedsuppliesfbrwagontrainstravelingthenaturalhighways

towardnewfrontiers.Somepostsbecamestationsfortheponyexpress;stillothers,such

asbortDavies,werestagecoachstopstorwearytravelers.Allofthesefunctions,of

course,suggestthatthecontributionsoftheformtothecivilizationanddevelopmentof

theWestextendedbeyondpatrolduty.Throughtheestablishmentofmilitaryposts,yet

othercontributionsweremadetothedevelopmentofwesternculture.Manyposts

maintainedlibrariesorreadingrooms,andsomehadschools.Postchapelsprovideda

settingforreligiousservicesandweddings.Throughoutthewilderness,posthands

providedentertainmentandboostedmorale.Duringthelastpartofthenineteenth

century,toreduceexpenses,gardeningwasencouragedattheforts,thusmaking

experimentalagricultureanotheractivityofthemilitary.Themilitarystationedatthe

variousfortsalsoplayedaroleincivilianlifebyassistinginmaintainingorder,and

civilianofficialsoftencalledonthearmyforprotection.Certainly,amongother

significantcontributionsthearmymadetotheimprovementoftheconditionsoflifewas

theinvestigationoftherelationshipsamonghealth,climate,andarchitecture.Fromthe

earliestcolonialtimesthroughoutthenineteenthcentury,diseaserankedastheforemost

problemindefense.Itslowedconstructionoffortsandinhibitedtheirmilitaryfunction.

Officialdocumentsfrommanyregionscontainedinnumerablereportsofsicknessthat

virtuallyincapacitatedentirearmy.Inresponsetotheproblems,detailedobservationsof

architectureandclimateandtheirrelationshipstothefrequencyoftheoccurrenceof

variousdiseaseswererecordedatvariouspostsacrossthenationbymilitarysurgeons.

67、Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?

Bythenineteenthcentury,forts