2025年浙江省中考英语二轮复习课件：阅读理解解题突破

阅读理解解题突破(一)阅读理解命题特点阅读理解在英语考试中所占分值很高，阅读理解材料题材多样，体裁各异，突出语篇，强调运用，注重实际。此外，生词出现率的提高增强了对语篇理解的挑战性。因此，要重视语篇知识，加强对语篇知识的领悟和运用，要从篇章整体着眼，提高对语篇语义的概括能力和对语篇内部结构的分析及逻辑用语的把握能力，提高对语篇的推断、分析和理解能力。(二)阅读理解的主要题型以及解题技巧1.主旨题：此类考查主旨和大意的题大多数是针对段落(或短文)的主题，主题思想，标题或目的来设计的，其主要提问方式是：(1)Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?(2)Thepurposeofthispassageisto

．(3)Inthispassagethewritertriestotellusthat

．(4)Thepassagetellsusthat

．(5)Thispassagemainlytalksabout

．【解题技巧】主题句标记议论文常常通过摆事实，讲道理，直接表达作者的观点和主张，其语篇常见结构为：(1)总论——分论——总论(2)总论——分论(3)分论——总论议论文主题句往往在文章的首段或尾段。记叙文往往叙述人物的经历和事物发展变化。记叙文主题句一般在文章的尾段。说明文通常是介绍事物、解说事理。说明文主题句一般在文章首段或每段首句。主题句常见标志词(句)：(1)一些表转折的连词：but,yet,however,infact,indeed(的确、真正地)(2)一些表总结、结论的词：inbrief简言之，inshort简言之，aboveall最重要的是，inall总共，afterall终究/竟然，allinall总的来说，inconclusion总而言之，inaword总而言之，insummary总之，finally最后(3)复合句动词show,indicate,suggest(显示，表明)引导的宾语从句。例：Thesedays,moreandmoreChinesepeopleenjoysendingandreceivingmessagesonthephone.Itcanhelpthemtogetthelatestnewsandcommunicatewithfriends.ButIthinkIshouldreadmorebooksbesidesthetextbooks,themore,thebetter.Itcanbroaden(拓宽)mymindandimprovemylanguageskills.Ofcourse,itcanalsohelpmetogetgoodgrades.Doyouknowhowtoreadmoreandlearnmore?Herearesometipsforyou.◆Clearyourpurpose(目的)forreading◆Readonlywhatyouareinterestedin◆Giveupbooksthatyoudon'tenjoy◆Setareadinggoal(目标)…Thispassagemainlytellsus

.A.howtoreadmoreandlearnmoreB.howtochooseagoodbookC.howtoreadfasterD.whyweshouldreadmorebooks[解析]画线句子即可标记为主题句，因而答案为A。2.细节题：此类考查事实和细节的题大多数是针对文章的细节来设计的，其主要提问方式是：(1)Whichofthefollowingisright?(2)Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?(3)WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueinthepassage?(4)Choosetherightorderofthispassage.(5)Fromthispassageweknow

．【解题技巧】快速定位法在解题时，先读题干，选定关键词，通过跳读的方式锁定相关句子进行精读，并结合信息对比4个选项进行信息加工转换(同义反义转换、图文转换、数字转换等)。干扰项特征：(1)张冠李戴：是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容(2)无中生有：符合常识，但不是文章的内容(3)曲解文意：与原文内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动(4)颠倒是非：意思上与原文有很大不同或完全相反(5)正误参半：部分正确，部分错误例：…WeareallTerry'sgoodfriends.Butwehaveonebigproblematthattime.Itisthatnoonewantstoplaythefarmer.ThefarmeristhebadmanwhotriestocookTerryforThanksgivingdinner.Then,ourteacherMr.Wallacesayshecanplaythefarmer.However,heasksusnottohithimtoohardduringtheplaywhentheanimalstrytohelpTerry…Whatproblemdotheyhaveatthattime?A.Mr.Wallacegetshurtduringtheplay.B.Theydon'tliketheplay.C.Theydon'twanttowritetheplay.D.Theycan'tfindanyonetoplaytofarmer.[解析]根据题干关键词可锁定相关句子为第二句、第三句，从而可获知答案为D。3.猜词题：此类猜测词义的题要求考生根据上下文确定某一特定的单词或短语的准确含义。其主要提问方式是：(1)Theword“…”inthepassageprobablymeans

．(2)Theunderlinedword“It”inthepassagerefersto

．(3)Inthisstorytheunderlinedword“…”means

．(4)Here“it”means

．【解题技巧】(1)定义法：一般通过定义、宾语从句、同位语从句来确定词义信号词如下：破折号，thatis(tosay),inotherwords,mean,referto,becalled,beknownas等。例：①Theword“adolescence”

meanstheperiodchildrenandadulthood.(用mean引出词义)②Theherdsman,

wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.(定语从句)③Weareonthenightshift－frommidnightto8a．m.－thisweek.(破折号)(2)列举法信号词：suchas,like,forexample,forinstance例：Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry,suchaschickens,ducksandgeese,fortheireggsandmeat.Theword“poultry”means

．A.猎物

B.家禽

C.饲料

D.牲畜(3)通过同义词或近义词关系猜测词义信号词：and,or例：Shehasalowopinionofherself.Whensheissurroundedbymanypeople,sheisshyanddefensive．(4)对比法：通过反义词或反义关系猜测词义信号词：but,while,however,onthecontrary,otherwise,与not搭配表示否定意义的短语例：①Heissohomely,_notatallashandsomeashisbrother.②Mostofusagreed,however,Billdissented．(5)因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因信号词：because,as,since,for,so,thus,asaresult,ofcourse,therefore,so/such…that等例：Thatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitsinoneday.A.verylarge B.crowded

C.noisy D.good(6)构词法：掌握一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀，如dis-、un-、in-、im-、ir-、less-(表否定),re-(回、重新),-able(能……的),-er/-ist(人)，可帮助我们在阅读理解中猜测词义(7)上下文语境法例：Theofficialaskedthemanwhathisoccupationwas.Themantoldhimthatheworkedasanengineer.A.work B.study

C.name D.interest(8)猜测代词所指代的名词：根据空格前、后句的名词提示例：Therobotsitsatthechild'sdeskintheclassroom,andthechildathomeorinthehospitalusesatabletoraphonetostartit,controlitsmovementbytouchingthescreen…Theunderlinedword“it”inthepassagerefersto

．A.thedesk B.thetablet

C.therobot D.thephone4.推断题：推理判断题着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力，要求考生根据文章的文字信息，推断出作者没有提到的或者没有明说的事实或隐含信息。其主要提问方式是：(1)Wecanguessthewriterofthelettermaybea

．(2)Wecaninferfromthetextthat

．(3)Whichofthefollowingmighthappenlater?(4)Fromthestorywecanguess

．(5)The…sentence/passageimplies(暗示)/suggeststhat…选项特点分析：推理判断题目选项的设置有一定的特点和规律，了解这些，可以帮助提高答题的正确率。(1)正确选项的特点：①正确选项一般含义比较丰富，具有一定的综合性和概括性；②正确选项的表述一般不会太绝对，而是会用一些相对宽泛的词汇，如often,usually,sometimes,some,may,might,can,could,possibly,probably等。(2)干扰选项的特点：①只是原文的简单复述，而非推断出的结论；②根据常识判断是正确的，然而不是在文章事实或上下文逻辑基础上推理而得出的观点。【解题技巧】(1)针对文章来源的判断：这类题目可以根据文章的关键词和格式来推断文章的出处，也可以根据文章的主要意义来确定文章的出处。例：ManypeopleknowthatrubbishisabigproblemontheplanetEarth.Whatmanypeopledon'tknowisthatjunkhasbecomeaprobleminouterspacetoo.AccordingtoBBC

News,therearemorethan22，000piecesofspacejunkfloatingaroundtheEarth.Inwhichsectionofthenewspaperwouldyouprobablyreadthisarticle?A.Environment. B.LocalNews.

C.Education. D.Fashion.[解析]根据关键词rubbish,junk,spacejunk等关键词可知答案为A。(2)针对文章写作目的的判断：与主旨大意题类似，判断文章的目的，可以从文章的各段主题句入手，了解文章大意，梳理文章脉络，对作者写这篇文章的目的进行推断。例：Nooneknowswhoflewthefirstkite.ItwasprobablysomeoneinChinaorperhapsIndonesia.Indonesiafishermenhungfishbooksonkitesandsentthemouttoseatocatchfish.Startingfrom2，000yearsago,ChinesefarmersflewkitestowelcometheNewYearandbringgoodlucktotheEarth.InChina,peoplealsousedkitesduringwartime.…Over

the

years,

kiteshavealsohelpedpeopleunderstandthenaturalworld,…Kitesalsohelpedinventorsfindouthowtomakeairplanes.What'sthepurposeofthispassage?A.Toshowpeoplehowtoflykites.

B.Toexplainhowkitesareusedinscience.

C.Tointroducetherolesofkitesinhistory.

D.Todiscussthedifferenceamongkitesworldwide.[解析]根据主题句(画线句子)可知答案为C。(3)针对文章或者段落内容的判断：对文章或段落内容的判断主要立足于文章的关键细节，考生需要从细节中找到线索、总结推理出正确答案。例：Overtheyears,kiteshavealsohelpedpeopleunderstandthenaturalworld.In1749,forexample,thermometersweretiedtokitestomeasuretemperatures.In1906,camerashangingfromkitestookpicturesofSanFrancisco,Californiaafteranearthquake.Thephotoshelpedpeopleplanwhatto.Howdoesthewriterdevelopthepassage?A.Bytellingstories.B.Bylistingnumbers.C.Bycomparingfacts.D.Bygivingexamples.[解析]根据关键内容(画线句子)可知答案为D。(4)针对作者的思想感情、文字色彩进行推断：文章中的措辞会体现作者或者其他人物的思想倾向和感情色彩，这往往隐含在字里行间或流露于修饰的词语之中。例：Manypeoplewelcomethecity'sgrowth.ButanincreasingnumberofDubainativesworryaboutthespeedofchange.AsaDubainativesays,“Wemustalwaysrememberwherewecamefrom.Ourkidsmustknowweworkedvery,veryhardtogetwherewearenow,andthere'salotmoreworktodo.”Inthelastparagraph,whatdoestheunderlinedpartmean?A.WeshouldalwaysvisitDubai.

B.Weshouldlearnfromforeigners.

C.Wemustalwaysrememberourpast.

D.Wemustonlythinkaboutthefuture.[解析]根据画线部分中的用词mustalways,very,veryhard…等可以断定，说话人非常重视迪拜的历史，强调不要忘本，尤其现在的孩子要知道他们父母奋斗的历史，故选C。

特别说明：我们有必要对英语阅读题型做一次全面的、深入的剖析。正所谓知己知彼，才能百战百胜。为了更加直观地了解阅读题型，笔者对近几年中考题型所涉及的问题进行了再次归类与整理(见下面的思维导图)。为了同学们能一目了然，在导图中，我们把词义猜测也视作推断题。这些题型基本囊括了所有可能会考到的阅读题型：TaihuTunnel,10.79kilometreslongand43.6metreswide,hasbeenthelongestunderwatertunnelinChina.Itstandsoutasoneofthe“2022China'sTop100BuildingsintheNewEra”.WhenbuildingTaihuTunnel,theprojectteamfacedmanychallenges,suchashighsafetyrisksandtimelimit.Todealwiththem,theymadeworkableplans.Theydividedthetunnelconstructioninto19parts.Theconstructionofeachpartmainlytookfoursteps.Step1Remove.Theteambuiltacofferdamtoremovewaterfromthearea,sotheworkerscouldgoinsideanddotheirworkindryconditions.Step2Clear.Theteamdugdeepintothelakebed,andclearedthesoilandstonesoutinordertomakespaceforthenextstep.Step3Build.Theteambuiltthefloor,wallsandroofofthetunnelinthisstep.Theyusedhigh-qualitybuildingmaterialstowaterproofthetunnel.Step4Backfill.Theteamputthesoilandstonesback.Thenthispartofthetunnelwasburieddeepdowninthelakebed.Theconstructionofthe19partswasstreamlined.Theprojectteamusedanewmethod.Theworkgroupofeachstepmovedtothenextpartandrepeatedtheirworkaftertheyfinishedtheworkinthepreviouspart.Differentworkgroupsco-operatedwellwitheachother.Fromparttopart,theconstructionstartedfromtheoppositeends,andgotconnectedsomewhereinthemiddle.Theconstructiontookaboutfouryearstocomplete,shorterthanpeoplehadexpected.Thedrivers'safetyisfullyconsideredinTaihuTunnel.Thereare200，000LEDlightsontheceilingofthetunnel.Theyshowvividpicturesofthebluesky,starrynightandsoon.Thepicturescanhelpdriversfighttirednessandtravelthroughthetunnelsafely.Besides,therearetwosystemsinthetunnel.Thepolicecancheckthetrafficsituationthroughamonitoringsystem.Iftrafficaccidentshappen,thepolicecangiveinstructionsandwarndriversinthetunneloveranaudiosystemtopreventfurtheraccidents.TheconstructionofTaihuTunnelshowsgreatvalueinengineeringandthetunnelbringsmuchconveniencetopeoplelivingnearby.(

)1.Whichpictureshowshowa“cofferdam”works?D[解析]

推理判断题。根据“Theteambuiltacofferdamtoremovewaterfromthearea,sotheworkerscouldgoinsideanddotheirworkindryconditions”可知，该团队建造了一个围堰来清除该地区的水，所以它是用来清除水的，选项D符合。故选D。(

)2.TheconstructionofTaihuTunnel

．A.wasdividedintofourpartsB.tookmoretimethanpeoplehadexpectedC.startedfromthemiddleofthelakeD.wascompletedbyusingastreamlinedmethod[解析]

细节理解题。根据“Theconstructionofthe19partswasstreamlined…Theconstructiontookaboutfouryearstocomplete,shorterthanpeoplehadexpected”可知，太湖隧道采用流线法施工完成。故选D。D(

)3.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph8?A.Picturesinthetunnelcanhelpkeepdriverssafe.B.DriverscancontroltheLEDlightsinthetunnel.C.Thepolicecanwarndriversthroughamonitoringsystem.D.Anaudiosystemcanhelpdriverscheckthetrafficsituation.[解析]

细节理解题。根据“Thepicturescanhelpdriversfighttirednessandtravelthroughthetunnelsafely”可知，这些图片可以帮助司机克服疲劳，安全地通过隧道。故选A。A(

)4.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.ToadvisepeopletoprotectTaihuTunnel.B.TointroducetheconstructionofTaihuTunnel.C.TosharetheadvantagesbroughtbyTaihuTunnel.D.TotellthedifficultiesofconstructingTaihuTunnel.[解析]

主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了太湖隧道的建造。故选B。BAChatGPT,asmartAIchatbot(聊天机器人)tool,hasswepttheeducationworldinthepastmonths.AccordingtoaUSsurveyofmorethan1，000students,over89percentofthemhaveusedChatGPTtohelpwithahomeworktask.DevelopedbyUScompanyOpenAI,ChatGPTisapowerfultool.Youcanaskittowritestoriesandemails,createrecipes(食谱),andanswerallkindsofquestions.SomeschoolsintheUS,AustraliaandFrancehavebanned(禁止)theuseofChatGPT.IntheUS,publicschoolsinNewYorkCitybannedstudentsandteachersfromusingChatGPTonthenetworksanddevices(设备).Themovecomesoutofworriesthatthetoolcouldmakeiteasierforstudentstocheatontasks.SomealsoworrythatChatGPTcouldbeusedtospreadincorrectinformation.“Itdoesnotbuildcritical-thinking(批判性思维)orproblem-solvingskills,whicharenecessaryforacademic(学术的)progress，”saidJennaLylefromtheNewYorkCityDepartmentofEducation.Apartfrombans,teachersaremakingchangestotheirclassestopreventtheuseofChatGPT.SomecollegeteachersintheUStrytoincludemorespeakingexamsandhandwrittenpapersinsteadoftypedones.However,notalleducatorssay“no”toChatGPT.SomeCanadianuniversitiesaremakingrules－howbothstudentsandteachersuseit.Theyhavenoplanstocompletelybanthetoolsofar.BhaskarVira,fromtheUniversityofCambridgeintheUK,saidthatbansonAIsoftwarelikeChatGPTarenotwise.“WehavetoknowthatAIisatoolpeoplewilluse.Whatweneedtodoisto'makeourlearning,teachingandexaminationssuitableforanewuse'，”hetoldVarsity,theschoolnewspaperoftheuniversity.(

)1.SomeschoolsintheUSbannedtheuseofChatGPTbecause

．A.studentsmayuseittocheatonhomework

B.itseldomprovidescorrectinformationC.ittakesupmostofthenetworksD.ittakestheplaceofteachersA(

)2.JennaLylethinksthat

．A.ChatGPTmightofferthewronginformationB.ChatGPTissofarthesmartestAIchatbottoolC.usingChatGPTisnotgoodfordevelopingstudents'mindsD.ChatGPTisnecessaryforacademicandlifelongsuccessC(

)3.WhichopinionisNOTmentionedinthepassage?A.UsingChatGPTmakesstudentslazyinthinking.B.ThecompletebanonusingChatGPTisnotwise.C.ChatGPTwillcompletelychangepresenteducation.D.ChatGPTcanbeusefulforbothteachersandstudents.C(

)4.Howisthepassagemainlydeveloped?A.Bycomparingnumbers.B.Bygivingdifferentopinions.C.Bydescribingcharacters'relationship.D.Byaskingandansweringquestions.BBPeopleofallagesandnationsenjoyChinesepapercutting.Papercuttings,though,arenolongerjustusedforprettydecorations.Thisartformcamefromthesixthcentury.Chinesewomenwouldcutshapesfromgoldandsilverfoil(箔)tosticktotheirhair.Familieslateracceptedthetraditionofputtingpapercuttingsondoorsandwindowsonspecialdays.Finally,redpapercuttingsbecameawaytoexpresshappyfeelingsand