新概念英语第二册第16课

PAGEPAGE4Lesson16Apoliterequest彬彬有礼的要求Ifyouparkyourcarinthewrongplace,atrafficpolicemanwillsoonfindit.Youwillbeveryluckyifheletsyougowithoutaticket.However,thisdoesnotalwayshappen.Trafficpolicearesometimesverypolite.DuringaholidayinSweden,Ifoundthisnoteonmycar:'Sir,wewelcomeyoutoourcity.Thisisa"NoParking"area.Youwillenjoyyourstayhereifyoupayattentiontoourstreetsigns.Thisnoteisonlyareminder.'Ifyoureceivearequestlikethis,youcannotfailtoobeyit!Newwordsandexpressions生词和短语parkv.停放（汽车）trafficn.交通ticket[ˈtikit]\o"真人发音"n.交通违规罚款单note[nəut]\o"真人发音"n.便条area[ˈɛəriə]\o"真人发音"n.地段sign[sain]n.指示牌reminder[rɪˈmaɪndə]\o"真人发音"n.提示fail[feil]\o"真人发音"v.无视，忘记obey[əˈbei]\o"真人发音"v.服从参考译文一旦你把汽车停错了地方，交通警很快就会发现。如果他没给你罚单就放你走了，算你走运。然而，情况并不都是这样，交通警有时也很客气。有一次在瑞典度假，我发现我的车上有这样一个字条：“先生，欢迎您光临我们的城市。此处是‘禁止停车’区。如果您对我们街上的标牌稍加注意，您在此会过得很愉快的。谨此提请注意。”如果你收到这样的恳求，你是不会不遵照执行的！1.Apoliterequest彬彬有礼的要求1)polite[pə'lait]adj.(politer,politest)morepolite和mostpolite亦常见1.havingorshowinggoodmannersandrespectforthefeelingsofothers有礼貌的；客气的；儒雅的synonym:courteous['kə:tiəs]有礼貌的；客气的；(尤指)恭敬的，谦恭的e.g.请礼貌待客。Pleasebepolitetoourguests.2.sociallycorrectbutnotalwayssincere应酬的；礼节性的；客套的：e.g.我不晓得怎么说应酬话。Idon’tknowhowtomakepoliteconversation.3.[onlybeforenoun]fromaclassofsocietythatbelievesitisbetterthanothers上流社会的adv.politelyn.[u]politeness2)request[riˈkwest]\o"真人发音"n.,v.n.~(forsth.)/~(that…)1.theactionofaskingforsth.formallyandpolitely(正式或礼貌的)要求，请求：e.g.他们要求再给一些帮助。Theymadearequestforfurtheraid.他按照经理的要求到了那里。Hewasthereattherequestofhismanager/athismanager’srequest.(=becausehismanagerhadaskedhimtogo)2.athingthatyouformallyaskfor要求的事e.g.广播点播节目aradiorequestprogramme(=aprogrammeofmusic,songs,etc.thatlistenershaveaskedfor)v.~sth.(fromsb.)(formal)toaskforsth.orasksb.todosth.inapoliteorformalway(正式或礼貌地)请求；要求e.g.[vn]你可以索要一份免费的宣传单。Youcanrequestafreecopyoftheleaflet.(copyn.[c]1.(书、报纸等的一本，一册，一份)2.[c]~(ofsth.)复印件，复制品)(leaflet[ˈli:flit]\o"真人发音"n.散页印刷品；传单；宣传手册；广告手册)[vntoinf]请不要在餐馆里吸烟。Youarerequestednottosmokeintherestaurant.他们要求他离开。Theyrequestedhimtoleave.[vthat]她要求下次开会前不要向任何人透露她的决定。Sherequestedthatnoonebetoldofherdecisionuntilthenextmeeting.她要求不要向任何人谈起她的决定。Sherequestedthatnooneshouldbetoldofherdecision.2.Ifyouparkyourcarinthewrongplace,atrafficpolicemanwillsoonfindit.一旦你把汽车停错了地方，交通警很快就会发现。1)英语中指每个人/任何人的不定代词通常是one:e.g.一个人永远不会知道明天将会发生什么事。(即大家都不知道)Onecanneverknowwhatwillhappentomorrow.但在日常会话中，非正式的you则更为常用：e.g.如果你进行一次环球旅行的话，你就会看到许多风景胜地。(you为泛指)Ifyoumakeajourneyaroundtheworld,you’llseemanybeautyspots.2)park[pɑ:k]\o"真人发音"v.,n.v.1.toleaveavehiclethatyouaredrivinginaparticularplaceforaperiodoftime.停(车)；泊(车)e.g.[v]此处不准停车。Youcan’tparkhere.[vn]此处禁止停车。Youcan’tparkthecarhere.2.[vn.+adv./prep.]~yourself(informal)tositorstandinaparticularplaceforaperiodoftime坐下(或站着)e.g.她坐在床沿上。Sheparkedherselfontheedgeofthebed.n.1.[c]anareaofpubliclandinatownoracitywherepeoplegotowalk,playandrelax公园e.g.我们去公园散了散步。Wewentforawalkinthepark.2.(incompounds构成复合词)anareaoflandusedforaparticularpurpose专用区；园区e.g.商业/科学园区abusiness/sciencepark野生动物园awildlifepark(wildlifen.[u]野生动物；野生生物)3.[c](inBritain)anenclosedareaofland,usuallywithfieldsandtrees,attachedtoalargecountryhouse(英国)庄园；庭院4.[c](AmE)apieceoflandforplayingsports,esp.baseball运动场；(尤指)棒球场5.(thepark)(BrE)afootballorrugbyfield足球场；橄榄球场(rugby[ˈrʌɡbi]n.[u]橄榄球运动)3)句尾的it代指的是句子的整个if从句，即你把汽车停错了地方这件事。parkingn.[u]1.theactofstoppingavehicleataplaceandleavingitthereforaperiodoftime停车；泊车e.g.上午九时至下午六时此处禁止停车。Thereisnoparkingherebetween9a.m.and6p.m.2.aspaceoranareaforleavingvehicles停车场；停车位parkinglotn.(AmE)anareawherepeoplecanleavetheircars停车场(lot[lɔt]\o"真人发音"n.[c](作某种用途的)一块地，场地)parkingticket(alsoticket)n.违章停车传票3)traffic[ˈtræfik]\o"真人发音"n.,v.n.[u]1.thevehiclesthatareonaroadataparticulartime路上行驶的车辆；交通e.g.繁忙的/高峰时刻的交通heavy/rush-hourtraffic交通警察trafficpolice2.themovementofships,trains,aircraft,etc.alongaparticularroute(沿固定路线的)航行，行驶，飞行e.g.空中交通管制airtrafficcontrol横渡大西洋的航行transatlantictraffic(transatlantic[ˌtrænsətˈlæntɪk]adj.[obn]1.横渡大西洋的；横越大西洋的2.大西洋两岸国家的3.在大西洋彼岸的；来自大西洋彼岸的)e.g.旅客现在可以电子购票。Passengerscannowbeticketedelectronically.(electronic[ilekˈtrɔnik]adj.[ubn]1.(ofadevice装置)电子的；电子器件的2.电子设备的；电子器件的electronicallyadv.用电子方法；用电子装置)2.[usuallypassive](esp.AmE)togivesb.anofficialnoticethatordersthemtopayafinebecausetheyhavedonesth.illegalwhiledrivingorparkingacar发出交通违章通知单e.g.违章停车就可能收到罚款单。Parkillegally,andyou’relikelytobeticketed.Phr.v.beticketedforsth.(esp.AmE)tobeintendedforaparticularpurpose被指定为；被委派为ticketingn.[u]theprocessofproducingandsellingtickets售票e.g.售票系统ticketingsystems4.However,thisdoesnotalwayshappen.Trafficpolicearesometimesverypolite.然而，情况并不都是这样，交通警有时也很客气。this代指上句话所说的情况，即交通警一般都会给你罚款单。5.DuringaholidayinSweden,Ifoundthisnoteonmycar:'Sir,wewelcomeyoutoourcity.Thisisa"NoParking"area.Youwillenjoyyourstayhereifyoupayattentiontoourstreetsigns.Thisnoteisonlyareminder.'有一次在瑞典度假，我发现我的车上有这样一个字条：“先生，欢迎您光临我们的城市。此处是‘禁止停车’区。如果您对我们街上的标牌稍加注意，您在此会过得很愉快的。谨此提请注意。”1)note[nəut]n.,v.n.1.[c]ashortpieceofwritingtohelpyouremembersth笔记，记录e.g.请记下日期。Pleasemakeanoteofthedates.2.[c]ashortinformationletter短笺；便条e.g.她在厨房的餐桌上给杰克留了个便条。SheleftanoteforJackonthekitchentable.3.[c]apieceofpapermoney纸币e.g.一张面值为5英镑的纸币a￡5note4.[c]ashortcomment(n.[ˈkɔment]评论；注释；说明)onawordorpassageinabook注释；按语批注e.g.参见第223页的注释16。SeeNote16onp.223.IDM:ofnote(formal)1.offameorimportance著名的，重要的e.g.有些(很有)知名度的作家awriterof(some/great)note2.worthnoticingorpayingattentionto值得注意：e.g.会上有值得注意的事情发生吗？Didanythingofnotehappenatthemeeting?takenote(ofsth.)topayattentiontosth.andbesuretorememberit注意到；将…铭记在心e.g.牢记他说的话。Takenoteofwhathesays.留心一下天气状况。Takenoteoftheweatherconditions...v.(ratherformal)1.tonoticeorpaycarefulattentiontosth.注意；留意e.g.[vn]请注意这位作家为达到戏剧效果而使用一般现在式的手法。Notethewaythiswriterusesthepresenttensefordramaticeffect.[iˈfekt]（n.结果；效果；作用；）[v.+that]请注意，票的数量有限。Pleasenotethattherearealimitednumberoftickets.请注意这张账单必须在10天内付清。Pleasenotethatthisbillmustbepaidwithintendays.[v+wh-]注意看他怎样操作这台机器，并想法子照他那样做。Notehowheoperates[ˈɔpəreit]themachineandtrytocopyhim.(copyvt.模仿；效法；仿效)2.tomentionsthbecauseitisimportantorinteresting指出；特别提到e.g.值得指出的是最成功的公司价格最低。Itisworthnotingthatthemostsuccessfulcompanieshadthelowestprices.Phr.v.notesth.downtowritedownsth.importantsothatyouwillnotforgetit记录；记下notebook[ˈnəutbuk]n.1笔记本(簿)2.(alsonotebookcomputer)笔记本(电脑)；笔记本计算机laptop[ˈlæpˌtɔp]n.膝上型计算机；便携式电脑notedadj.~(for/assth)wellknownbecauseofaspecialskillorfeature(以…)见称，闻名，著名synonym:famouse.g.著名的舞蹈演员anoteddancer他没什么幽默感。Heisnotnotedforhissenseofhumour.这个湖作为许多鸟类的栖息地遐迩闻名。Thelakeisnotedasahometomanybirds.notepaper(alsowritingpaper)n.[u]信纸；便笺notable['nəutəbl]adj.~(forsth)值得注意的；显著的；重要的e.g.他的早期作品和后期作品之间有明显的差异。Thereisanotabledifferencebetweenhisearlierandlaterwritings.

n.[usuallypl.]名人；重要人物e.g.许多著名人士参加了招待会。Manynotablesattendedthereception[riˈsepʃən].(n.1.接待,接见;欢迎2.接待会;欢迎会;宴会[C])

notablyadv.1.尤其；特别synonym:especiallye.g.这房子有很多缺陷，尤其是它的地点和价格。Thehousehadmanydrawbacks,mostnotablyitslocation([ləuˈkeiʃən]n.位置；场所)andprice.(drawback[ˈdrɔ:bæk]n.缺点；缺陷；不利条件)2.极大程度上；非常synonym:remarkablye.g.这个项目没有取得很大的成功。Thishasnotbeenanotablysuccessfulproject.2)NoParking原来是交通标牌上的一句话，在句中作area的定语。类似的由若干个词合成的词组型定语还有：anever-to-be-forgottenday(一个永远也不能忘掉的日子)，awell-to-dofamily(一个富裕的家庭)等。well-to-doadj.havingalotofmoney;rich有钱的；富有的；富裕的e.g.他们很阔绰。Theyareverywell-to-do.3)area[ˈɛəriə]n.1.[c]partofaplace,town,etc.,oraregionofacountryortheworld(地方、城市、国家、世界的)地区，地域e.g.荒漠地区desert[ˈdezət]areas农村/城市地区rural/urbanareas内城区inner-cityareas(rural[ˈruərəl]adj.乡下的;乡村的;农村的urban[ˈə:bən]adj.城市的；城镇的；都市的)60年前有一半法国人仍然生活在乡村地区。SixtyyearsagohalftheFrenchpopulationstilllivedinruralareas.2.[c]apartofaroom,buildingorparticularspacethatisusedforaspecialpurpose(房间、建筑物、处所划为某用途的)地方，场地，区e.g.旅馆接待处thehotelreceptionarea游戏场地；停车场aplay/parkingarea3.[c]aparticularplaceonanobject(物体上的)区，部位：e.g.你会注意到你的宝宝头顶上有两处柔软的地方。Youwillnoticethatyourbabyhastwosoftareasonthetopofhishead.4.[c]~(ofsth.)aparticularsubjectoractivity,oranaspectofit领域；方面：e.g.健身俱乐部是近年来发展迅速的领域。Thebiggrowthareaofrecentyearshasbeeninhealthclubs.语言教学领域的发展developmentsintheareaoflanguageteaching5.[c,u]theamountofspacecoveredbyaflatsurfaceorpieceofland,describedasameasurement面积e.g.三角形的面积theareaofatriangle([ˈtraiæŋɡl]n.三角形)这个房间面积是12平方米。Theroomis12squaremetresinarea.(squareadj.1.正方形的；四方形的2.(用于数字后表示面积)平方)前花园的面积是多少？What’stheareaofthefrontgarden?4)signn.,v1.[c,u]~(ofsth)/~(that…)anevent,anaction,afact,etc.thatshowsthatsth.exists,ishappeningormayhappeninthefuture迹象；征兆；预兆synonym:indication[,ɪndi'keiʃən]n.[c,u]~(ofsth/ofdoingsth/~(that…)表明；标示；显示；象征)e.g.头疼可能是紧张的迹象。Headachesmaybeasignofstress.(n.1.[u,c]精神压力；心理负担；紧张2.[u,c]~(onsth.)压力)哪儿都没有约翰的影子。ThereisnosignofJohnanywhere.她的工作出现了一些改进的迹象。Herworkisshowingsomesignsofimprovement.2.[c]apieceofpaper,woodormetalthathaswritingorapictureonitthatgivesyouinformation,instructions,awarning,etc.招牌;标牌;指示牌;告示牌;标志(writingn.1.[u]写；书写；写作2.[u]著作；文字作品；文章3.(writings)[pl.](某作家或专题的)著作，作品4.[u](书写或印刷的)文字5.[u]笔迹；字迹；书法)e.g.道路/交通标志aroad/trafficsign商店/酒吧招牌ashop/pubsign墙上的牌子上写着“请洗手”。Thesignonthewallsaid‘Nowwashyourhands’.3.[c]amovementorsoundthatyoumaketotellsb.sth.示意的动作(或声音)；手势e.g.她点头示意我们坐下。Shenodded[nɔd]asasignforustositdown.4.[c]amarkusedtorepresent[,repri'zent]sth.esp.inmathematics符号；记号e.g.加/减号aplus[plʌs]/minus['mainəs]sign表示英镑/美元的符号apound/dollarsignIDM:asignofthetimessomethingthatyoufeelshowswhatthingsarelikenow,esp.howbadtheyare时代特征(含贬义)v.1.towriteyournameonadocument,letter,etc.toshowthatyouhavewrittenit,thatyouagreewithwhatitsays,orthatitisgenuine(['dʒenjuin]adj.1.真的；名副其实的2.真诚的；诚实的；可信赖的)签(名)，署(名)；签字，签署e.g.[v]请在这里签名。Signyournamehere,please.[vn]这封信您还没有署名。Youhaven’tsignedtheletter.在协议/合同/支票上签字tosignadeal/contract/cheque(AmEcheck)2.toarrangeforsb.,forexampleasportsplayerormusician,tosignacontractagreeingtoworkforyourcompany;tosignacontractagreeingtoworkforacompany和…签约(或应聘)：e.g.[v]乐队同维京唱片公司签了约。ThebandsignedwithVirginRecords.(virginadj.1.[ubn]未开发的；原始状态的；天然的；未改变的；未触动的2.[obn]处女的；贞洁的；童贞的)[vn]这个公司最近和一名新演员签约。Thecompanyhasjustsignedanewactor.3.~(tosb.)(todosth.)tomakearequestortellsb.todosth.byusingasign,esp.ahandmovement示意；打手势：e.g.旅馆经理示意行李工替我拿箱子。Thehotelmanagersignedtotheportertopickupmycase.(porter[ˈpɔ:tə]n.1.行李员；搬运工2.(医院里护送病人的)护工3.门卫)(picksth.up拿起；举起；提起)4.tousesignlanguagetocommunicatewithsb.打手势语：e.g.[vn]现在越来越多的戏剧配上了手势语。Anincreasingnumberofplaysarenowbeingsigned.[v]为帮助她耳聋的孩子，她学会了手势语。Shelearnttosigntohelpherdeafchild.Phr.v.1.signforsth.tosignadocumenttoshowthatyouhavereceivedsth.签收e.g.有人已经签收了这个包裹。Someonehassignedforthepackage.2.signsth.awaytogivesomethingupformallybysigningapaper签字放弃(某物)e.g.他签字放弃他在那笔财产中应得的一份。Hesignedawayhisshareintheproperty.3.signin/out//signsb.in/outtowriteyour/sb.’snamewhenyouarriveatorleaveanoffice,aclub,etc.签到/退；替…签到/签退e.g.来客均需签到。Allvisitorsmustsigninonarrival.客人离开俱乐部时，你必须为他们签退。Youmustsignguestsoutwhentheyleavetheclub.4.signsth.over(tosb.)togiveyourrightsorpropertytosb.elsebysigningadocument签字转让(权利或财产)e.g.她签署了转让手续，把房子过到女儿名下。Shehassignedthehouseovertoherdaughter.5.signup(forsth.)toarrangetodoacourseofstudybyaddingyournametothelistofpeopledoingit报名(参加课程)signature[ˈsiɡnitʃə]n.1.[c]签名；署名2.[u](formal)签名；署名；签字；签署signboardn.(商店、旅馆等的)招牌，告示牌，广告牌5)reminder[rɪˈmaɪndə]n.1.~(ofsb./sth.)/~(that…)somethingthatmakesyouthinkaboutorremembersb./sth.,thatyouhaveforgottenorwouldliketoforget引起回忆的事物；提醒人的事物e.g.这些照片总能使人回忆起二十世纪二十年代的生活。Thephotographsarealastingreminderoflifeinthe1920s.(lastingadj.[ubn]继续存在的；持久的；耐久的)2.aletterornoteinformingsb.thattheyhavenotdonesth.(告知该做某事的)通知单，提示信e.g.他还没有付账，我们最好寄给他一封催款信。Hehasn’tpaidhisbill.We’dbettersendhimareminder.remind[riˈmaind]v.~sb.(about/ofsth.)tohelpsb.remembersth.importantthattheymustdo提醒；使想起e.g.[vn]对不起，我忘了你的名字。提醒我一下好吗？I’msorry,I’veforgottenyourname.Canyouremindme?[vntoinf]提醒我在出去之前给玛丽打电话。RemindmetophoneMarybeforeIgoout.[vn(that)]旅客们请注意，本次列车禁止吸烟。Passengersarereminded(that)nosmokingisallowedonthistrain.[vnwh-]谁能告诉我下一步该做什么？CansomeoneremindmewhatIshoulddonext?Phr.v.remindsb.ofsb./sth.使想起(类似的人、地方、事物等)：e.g.你说这样的话，使我想起了你的父亲。Youremindmeofyourfatherwhenyousaythat.这股气味使我想起了法国。ThatsmellremindsmeofFrance.6.Ifyoureceivearequestlikethis,youcannotfailtoobeyit!如果你收到这样的恳求，你是不会不遵照执行的！1)fail和refuse,forget等相似，是具有否定意义的动词。虽然一个句子中一般只能有一个否定词，但有时也会有cannotfail这样两个否定词同时出现在一个句子中的情况，这时它们构成双重否定。双重否定用来表示肯定。因此，这句话的意义实际上就是“你会遵照执行的”。又如：e.g.你一定不要拒绝我。(即你一定要答应我)Youmustnotrefuseme.fail[feil]v.1.~(insth.)tonotbesuccessfulinachievingsth.失败；未能（做到）e.g.(1)我未能说服她。Ifailedinmyattempttopersuadeher.(2)她未能进入艺术学院。Shefailedtogetintoartcollege.2.tonotpassatestoranexam;todecidethatsb./sth.hasnotpassedatestoranexam不及格，评定不及格e.g.他驾驶执照考试不及格。Hefailedhisdrivingtest.3.未做；未履行(某事)：e.g.[v]他认为他如果不报告就是失职。Hefelthewouldbefailinginhisdutyifhedidnotreportit.[vtoinf]他未履约。Hefailedtokeeptheappointment.每周他必定发电子邮件。Heneverfailstoe-maileveryweek.4.[v]tostopworking出故障；失灵e.g.我骑自行车下山到中途刹车失灵了。Thebrakesonmybikefailedhalfwaydownthehill.5.[v](esp.intheprogressivetenses尤用于进行时)tobecomeweak衰退e.g.她的视力日渐衰退。Hereyesightisfailing.6.[v]tobeunabletocontinue倒闭；破产：e.g.经济衰退期间有几