专题05 阅读理解之议论文12篇（解析版）

专题05阅读理解之议论文12篇（23-24高一上·江苏南京·期末）RalphEmersononcesaidthatthepurposeoflifeisnottobehappy,buttobeuseful,tobeloving,tomakesomedifferenceintheworld.Whileweappreciatesuchwordsofwisdom,weseldomtrytofollowtheminourlives.Mostpeopleprefertoliveagoodlifethemselves,ignoringtheirresponsibilitiesfortheworld.Thisnarrowperceptionofagoodlifemayprovideshort-termbenefits,butissuretoleadtolong-termhamandsuffering.Agoodlifebasedoncomfortandluxurymayeventuallyleadtomorepainbecausewespoilourhealthandevenourcharacter,principles,ideals,andrelationships.Whatthen,isthesecretofagoodlife?Agoodlifeisaprocess,notastateofbeing:adirection,notadestination.Wehavetoearnagoodlifebyfirstservingotherswithoutanyexpectationinreturnbecausetheirhappinessistheverysourceofourownhappiness.Moreimportantly,wemustknowourselvesinsideout.Onlywhenweexamineourselvesdeeplycanwediscoverourabilitiesandrecognizeourlimitations,andthenworkaccordinglytocreateabetterworld.Thefirstrequirementforagoodlifeishavingalovingheart.Whenwedocertainrightthingsmerelyasaduty,wefindourjobsotiresomethatwe’llsoonbumout.However,whenwedothatsamejoboutoflove,wenotonlyenjoywhatwedo,butalsodoitwithaneffortlessfeeling.However,lovealoneisinsufficienttoleadagoodlife.Lovesometimesblindsustothereality.Consequently,ourgoodintentionsmaynotleadtogoodresults.Toachievedesiredoutcomethosewhowanttodogoodtoothersalsoneedtoequipthemselveswithaccurateworldknowledge.Falseknowledgeismoredangerousthanignorance.Ifloveistheengineofacarknowledgeisthesteeringwheel（方向盘）.Iftheenginelackspower,thecarcan’tmove;ifthedriverlosescontrolofthesteering,aroadaccidentprobablyoccurs.Onlywithloveinheartandtherightknowledgeinmindcanweleadagoodlife.Withloveandknowledge,wegoallouttocreateabetterworldbydoinggoodtoothers.Whenweseetheimpactofourgoodworkontheworld,wegivemeaningtoourlifeandearnlastingjoyandhappiness.1．Whateffectdoesthenarrowperceptionofagoodlifehaveonus?A．Makingussimple-minded B．Makingusshort-sighted.C．Leadingusontoabusyroad. D．Keepingusfromcomfortandluxury.2．Accordingtotheauthor,howcanonegaintruehappiness?A．Throughmaintaininggoodhealth. B．Bygoingthroughpainandsuffering.C．Byrecognizingone’sabilitiesandlimitations. D．Throughofferinghelpmuchneededbyothers.3．Inwhatcasemaygoodintentionsfailtoleadtodesiredresults?A．Whenwehavewrongknowledgeoftheworld. B．Whenourlovefortheworldisinsufficient.C．Whenweareinsensitivetodangersinlife. D．Whenwestayblindtothereality.4．AccordingtoParagraph5,lifecanbemadetrulygoodwhen______.A．inspiredbyloveandguidedbyknowledge B．directedbyloveandpushedbyknowledgeC．purifiedbyloveandenrichedbyknowledge D．promotedbyloveanddefinedbyknowledge【答案】1．B2．D3．A4．A【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了美好生活的秘诀是什么。人生的目的不是生而快乐，而是生而有益。1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Thisnarrowperceptionofagoodlifemayprovideshort-termbenefits,butissuretoleadtolong-termharmandsuffering.(这种对美好生活的狭隘看法可能会带来短期的好处，但肯定会导致长期的伤害和痛苦)”可知，对美好生活的狭隘看法只能给我们带来短期的好处，所以时间长了会让我们目光短浅、短视。故选B项。2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Wehavetoearnagoodlifebyfirstservingotherswithoutanyexpectationinreturnbecausetheirhappinessistheverysourceofourownhappiness.(我们必须先为他人服务而不求回报，因为他人的幸福是我们自己幸福的源泉)”可知，我们能够从帮助他人获得真正的幸福。故选D项。3．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Falseknowledgeismoredangerousthanignorance.(虚假的知识比无知更危险)”可以推测出，当我们对世界有错误的认识的时候，就算意图良好，也可能导致不好的、违背预期的结局。故选A项。4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Withloveandknowledge,wegoallouttocreateabetterworldbydoinggoodtoothers.(带着爱和知识，我们全力以赴，通过对他人做好事来创造一个更美好的世界)”可知，有爱和知识，生活就会变得更美好。故选A项。（23-24高一上·江西南昌·期末）It’scommonforpeopletohavetheidea,believingthathappinesswillcomeafterreachingcertaingoals.Thiscanincludethingslikegettingapromotion,findingaromanticpartner,orreachingacertainleveloflifesuccess.Whiletheseachievementscancertainlybringsomehappiness,thiswayofthinkingcanleadtoanendlesscycleofwaitingforthenextthingtobringhappiness.Thetruthisthathappinessshouldnotbedependentonmaterialachievementsbutratherachoicewemakeineachmoment.Bylinkinghappinesswithoutsidefactors,weoftenlosesightofthepresentmomentandmissthejoythatcanbefoundineverydayexperiences.It’simportanttorealizethathappinessisnotsomethingthatcanbeachievedinthefuture,butratherastateofmindthatwecankeepatpresent.Bybeingpresent,wecanappreciatethesimplepleasuresinlife,likethewarmthofthesunonourskin,thelaughteroflovedones,orthetasteofadeliciousmeal.Lifeisindeedfilledwithchallenges,whichareanimportantpartofourjourneytowardspersonalgrowth.Theyoftenpushusoutofourcomfortzonesandforceustothinkcreativelyandfindnewsolutions,providinguswithopportunitiestolearn,getvaluableexperienceanddiscoverourinnerstrength.Byembracingtheseopportunitiestolearn,wecangrowandbecomebetterequippedtohandlefuturechallengesinsteadofalwayswaitingfortheperfectmomentorforallourproblemstobesolvedbeforeallowingourselvestobehappy.Whenweunderstandthatchallengesarenotdifficultiestoourhappinessbutratheropportunitiesforgrowthandlearning,wecanappreciatethepresentmomentandfindhappinessregardlessofthesituations.Ratherthanwaitingforfutureeventstobringhappiness,it’sbettertoacceptthepresentandfindjoyandcontentmentinthejourneyitself.Let’sgrasptheopportunityandembracethejoythatiswithinourreach.Timewaitsfornoone,sowhywaittobehappy?1．Howcanpeoplefindhappinessaccordingtothepassage?A．Byreachingcertaingoals. B．Byachievingmaterialsuccess.C．Bybeingcontentwithpresentsituation. D．Bykeepingseekingnewexperiences.2．Whatdochallengesbringtous?A．Perfectmoments. B．Comfortzones. C．Innerbeauty D．Personalprogress.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“embracing”inparagraph3referto?A．Accepting. B．Assuming C．Creating D．Believing4．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Thechanceofpersonalgrowth. B．Thewaytogetthehappiness.C．Thecouragetofacethechallenge. D．Thesolutiontoachievethegoals.【答案】1．C2．D3．A4．B【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要说明了人们通常会有这样的想法，认为幸福会在达到一定的目标后到来，但是作者认为满足于现状才可以幸福，文章指出挑战是学习的机会，可以让我们成长。1．细节理解题。根据第二段“It’simportanttorealizethathappinessisnotsomethingthatcanbeachievedinthefuture,butratherastateofmindthatwecankeepatpresent.Bybeingpresent,wecanappreciatethesimplepleasuresinlife,likethewarmthofthesunonourskin,thelaughteroflovedones,orthetasteofadeliciousmeal.(重要的是要意识到幸福不是将来才能获得的东西，而是我们现在可以保持的一种心态。通过活在当下，我们可以欣赏生活中简单的快乐，比如阳光照在我们皮肤上的温暖，亲人的笑声，或者美味佳肴的味道)”可知，人们通过满足于现状找到幸福。故选C。2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Lifeisindeedfilledwithchallenges,whichareanimportantpartofourjourneytowardspersonalgrowth.Theyoftenpushusoutofourcomfortzonesandforceustothinkcreativelyandfindnewsolutions,providinguswithopportunitiestolearn,getvaluableexperienceanddiscoverourinnerstrength.(生活确实充满了挑战，这是我们迈向个人成长的重要组成部分。它们经常把我们推出舒适区，迫使我们创造性地思考，寻找新的解决方案，为我们提供学习的机会，获得宝贵的经验，发现我们内在的力量)”可知，挑战给我们带来个人进步。故选D。3．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Theyoftenpushusoutofourcomfortzonesandforceustothinkcreativelyandfindnewsolutions,providinguswithopportunitiestolearn,getvaluableexperienceanddiscoverourinnerstrength.(它们经常把我们推出舒适区，迫使我们创造性地思考，寻找新的解决方案，为我们提供学习的机会，获得宝贵的经验，发现我们内在的力量)”以及后文“theseopportunitiestolearn,wecangrowandbecomebetterequippedtohandlefuturechallengesinsteadofalwayswaitingfortheperfectmomentorforallourproblemstobesolvedbeforeallowingourselvestobehappy”可知，通过接受挑战作为学习的机会，我们可以成长，变得更好地应对未来的挑战，而不是总是等待完美的时刻或我们所有的问题都解决了才让自己快乐。故划线词意思是“接受”。故选A。4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Ratherthanwaitingforfutureeventstobringhappiness,it’sbettertoacceptthepresentandfindjoyandcontentmentinthejourneyitself.Let’sgrasptheopportunityandembracethejoythatiswithinourreach.Timewaitsfornoone,sowhywaittobehappy?(与其等待未来的事情带来幸福，不如接受现在，在旅程中寻找快乐和满足。让我们抓住机会，拥抱我们力所能及的快乐。时间不等人，为什么要等着幸福呢？)”结合文章主要说明了人们通常会有这样的想法，认为幸福会在达到一定的目标后到来，但是作者认为满足于现状才可以幸福，文章指出挑战是学习的机会，可以让我们成长。可知，这篇文章的主要内容是获得幸福的方法。故选B。（23-24高一上·江苏常州·期末）Shouldmartialartsbepartoftheschoolcurriculum(课程)?IntheUnitedStatesandmostofEurope,self-defenseisnottaughtatschools.Yes,schoolshaveafter-schoolclubswithtrainersfrombothinsideandoutsidetheschoolusingthegymsandclassroomtoteachabigrangeofmartialarts,butschoolsveryrarelyhaveitontheircurriculum,letaloneasamainsubject.Butafternewresearchthatshowsthatobesity(肥胖)levelsarestillrisinginthefirstworldatasurprisingrate,somearesuggestingthatmartialartsmayhelpfightobesity,andalsohelpchildrenbecomebetteradaptedtothewiderworldintermsofself-defenseanddiscipline(自律).Martialartsprovidenotjustaphysicalworkout,butalsoachancetodevelopself-defenseskillswhiletrainingboththebodyandmindtobedisciplinedandmindful.Studieshaveshownthatthereisasignificantconnectionbetweenpracticingmartialartsandself-esteem(自尊).Throughthearts,studentscandevelopdiscipline,andcultivaterespectfordifferentcultures-somethingevenmoreimportantthaneverbeforeinourincreasinglydividedsocieties.Martialartsalsostrengthenmuscles,improvesflexibilityandbalance.Everyoneknowsthatwithbetterphysicalhealth,comebetter,happierlives.However,somehavebeenkeentopointoutthatyes,martialartsineveryschoolwouldbegreat,butfindingthosewhoaretrainedandqualified(合格的)toteachmartialartscouldprobablyprovetobechallenge.Theybelieveitisachickenandeggsituation,wherewithoutcompulsory(强制的)curriculumofmartialarts,thosewhoaregoodatitmayneverfindthemselvesinadojo(武术馆)tofindout.Buttobringittoeveryoneyouneedexperiencedtrainerswhocanteachthemartialartswithoutfearofmishap(不幸事故)orphysicaldamage.1．What’sthetopicofthistext?A．Whatmartialartsare.B．Whethermartialartsshouldbeonschoolcurriculum.C．Whoshouldteachmartialartsasamainsubjectatschool.D．Howmartialartsworkforschools.2．Whyshouldmartialartsbeaddedintothecurriculum?A．Self-defenseisnottaughtatschools.B．Obesitylevelsarestillrisingfastintheworld.C．Itprovidesphysicalandmentalbenefits.D．Itcanhelppreventphysicaldamage.3．Whatarethe“chicken”andthe“egg”inthe“achickenandeggsituation”inthelastparagraph?A．Buildingadojoandfindingthetrainers.B．Teachingmartialartsandthephysicaldamage.C．Lackoftrainersandthefearofmishap.D．Lackoftrainersandnocompulsorycurriculumofmartialarts.4．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsaddingmartialartstothecurriculum?A．Unclear. B．Uninterested. C．Disliking. D．Negative.【答案】1．B2．C3．D4．A【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是武术是否应该被列入学校的主要课程。1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Shouldmartialartsbepartoftheschoolcurriculum(课程)?(武术应该成为学校课程的一部分吗？)”可知，本文主要的话题是武术是否应该列入学校课程。故选B。2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Martialartsprovidenotjustaphysicalworkout,butalsoachancetodevelopself-defenseskillswhiletrainingboththebodyandmindtobedisciplinedandmindful.Studieshaveshownthatthereisasignificantconnectionbetweenpracticingmartialartsandself-esteem(自尊).(武术不仅提供了一种身体锻炼，而且还提供了一个发展自卫技能的机会，同时训练身体和心灵自律和警觉。研究表明，练习武术和自尊之间存在着重要的联系)”可知，把武术加入课程是因为它对身体和精神都有好处。故选C。3．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Theybelieveitisachickenandeggsituation,wherewithoutcompulsory(强制的)curriculumofmartialarts,thosewhoaregoodatitmayneverfindthemselvesinadojo(武术馆)tofindout.(他们认为这是一个先有鸡还是先有蛋的情况，没有必修的武术课程，那些擅长武术的人可能永远不会在武术馆)”可知，chicken和egg是缺乏训练师，没有必修的武术课程。故选D。4．推理判断题。根据第二段“Butafternewresearchthatshowsthatobesity(肥胖)levelsarestillrisinginthefirstworldatasurprisingrate,somearesuggestingthatmartialartsmayhelpfightobesity,andalsohelpchildrenbecomebetteradaptedtothewiderworldintermsofself-defenseanddiscipline(自律).(但一项新的研究表明，第一世界的肥胖水平仍在以惊人的速度上升，一些人认为，武术可能有助于对抗肥胖，也有助于孩子们在自卫和自律方面更好地适应更广阔的世界)”和最后一段“However,somehavebeenkeentopointoutthatyes,martialartsineveryschoolwouldbegreat,butfindingthosewhoaretrainedandqualified(合格的)toteachmartialartscouldprobablyprovetobechallenge.(然而，一些人敏锐地指出，是的，每个学校开武术课很棒，但是找到那些受过训练并有资格教授武术的人可能会被证明是一个挑战)”可知，本文只是客观陈述人们对武术是否该成为学校课程的不同观点，并没有表明自己的观点，所以作者对在课程中增加武术的态度是不清楚的。故选A。（23-24高一上·辽宁辽阳·期末）Whengoingshoppingwithafriend,GailHeymanfoundherselfquiteawkward(令人尴尬的)whenherfriendaskedherwhichdressshelikedbest.Herfriendhadaclearfavorite—adressthatHeymanhappenedtodislike.“Inthatcase,IliedandsaidthatIlikethesameone,”saidHeyman.AsHeyman’sexperienceshows,itmightnotmatterallthatmuchifyoutellawhitelietomakeafriendfeelgoodattimes.Butwhenitcomestothemostmeaningfulrelationshipsinyourlife,protectingafriend’sfeelingsatallcostscansometimesmakethemfail.Forexample,ifapersonispracticingforajobinterviewandit’safewdaysbeforehisinterview,andhegivesananswerthatyouthinkisnotgoodatallandyoudon’ttellhimbecauseyoudon’twanttohurthisfeelings,that’sreallynotverynicetohim,right?Becausehehasanopportunitytofixthatthing.Ifyouknowthatliescanhaveresults,whydoyoustilllieoften?AstudycarriedoutbyTaliSharot,aprofessoratUniversityCollegeLondon,foundthatit’sbecausepeoplejustgetusedtoit.Onelittleliecanturnintobiggerandbiggerliesovertime.“Ifyouhabituateemotionally,itwillchangeyourbehavior,”saysSharot.Sharotnotesthatifyou’reworriedaboutlyingabittoomuch,tryandnoticewhenyouwanttobendthetruth(歪曲事实).Shethinksit’sbesttodosowhenyou’renotactuallyrespondingtothosetriggers(诱因).Movingyourattentionawayfromshameandfocusingmoreonyourvaluescanbeahealthywaytostartlookingatthismoreactively.1．Howdoestheauthorstartthetext?A．Byraisingaquestion. B．Bygivinganexample.C．Byexpressinganopinion. D．Bycomparingdifferentviews.2．Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph2?A．Becarefulaboutlying. B．It’sOKtotellawhitelie.C．Nevershouldapersontelllies. D．Ameaningfulrelationshipmatters.3．Whywouldpeopleliemoreaccordingtothestudy?A．Theyareusedtolying.B．Theydon’tbehavewell.C．Theylosetrackofothers.D．Theydon’twanttohurtothers’feelings.4．WhatdoesSharotadviseustodo?A．Trytobendthetruth.B．Changeourbehavior.C．Saysorrytotheoneweliedto.D．Concentratemoreonourvalues.【答案】1．B2．A3．A4．D【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了撒谎对友谊的影响，并提出了如何处理这种情况的建议。1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Whengoingshoppingwithafriend,GailHeymanfoundherselfquiteawkward(令人尴尬的)whenherfriendaskedherwhichdressshelikedbest.Herfriendhadaclearfavorite—adressthatHeymanhappenedtodislike.“Inthatcase,IliedandsaidthatIlikethesameone,”saidHeyman.(当GailHeyman和一个朋友去购物时，当她的朋友问她最喜欢哪件衣服时，她发现自己很尴尬。她的朋友有一条明确的最爱——一条Heyman碰巧不喜欢的裙子。Heyman说：“在这种情况下，我撒了谎，说我喜欢同一款。”)”可知，文章开头，作者是通过举了一个例子来引出本文主题。故选B。2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“AsHeyman’sexperienceshows,itmightnotmatterallthatmuchifyoutellawhitelietomakeafriendfeelgoodattimes.Butwhenitcomestothemostmeaningfulrelationshipsinyourlife,protectingafriend’sfeelingsatallcostscansometimesmakethemfail.Forexample,ifapersonispracticingforajobinterviewandit’safewdaysbeforehisinterview,andhegivesananswerthatyouthinkisnotgoodatallandyoudon’ttellhimbecauseyoudon’twanttohurthisfeelings,that’sreallynotverynicetohim,right?Becausehehasanopportunitytofixthatthing.(正如Heyman的经历所表明的那样，如果你为了让朋友感觉良好而说一个善意的谎言，可能并不那么重要。但当涉及到你生命中最有意义的关系时，不惜一切代价保护朋友的感受有时会让他们失败)”可知，有时候你的一个所谓的善意的谎言可能会让你的朋友失败。由此推知，对于说谎，我们应该抱有谨慎的态度。故选A。3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Ifyouknowthatliescanhaveresults,whydoyoustilllieoften?AstudycarriedoutbyTaliSharot,aprofessoratUniversityCollegeLondon,foundthatit’sbecausepeoplejustgetusedtoit.(如果你知道谎言会有结果，为什么你还经常撒谎？伦敦大学学院教授TaliSharot进行的一项研究发现，这是因为人们已经习惯了。)”可知，人们明知道谎言会有后果还是会说谎是因为人们习惯了说谎。故选A。4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Sharotnotesthatifyou’reworriedaboutlyingabittoomuch,tryandnoticewhenyouwanttobendthetruth(歪曲事实).Shethinksit’sbesttodosowhenyou’renotactuallyrespondingtothosetriggers(诱因).Movingyourattentionawayfromshameandfocusingmoreonyourvaluescanbeahealthywaytostartlookingatthismoreactively.(Sharot指出，如果你担心自己撒了太多的谎，那就试着注意一下自己什么时候想要歪曲事实。她认为最好是在你对这些诱因没有实际反应的时候这样做。把你的注意力从羞耻转移到你的价值观上，这是一种开始更积极地看待这个问题的健康方式。)”可知，Sharot建议我们应该把注意力放在价值观上。故选D。（23-24高一上·山西朔州·期末）Childrenshoulddohousework.That’sacontroversial(有争议的)idea,thoughnoteveryonewilladmitit.Afewparentswillsaythattheirchildrenaretoobusyforhousework.Manymoreofusassign(分派)housework,orsaywebelieveinthem,butthehouseworkjustdoesn’tgetdone.That’saproblem.Forstarters,houseworkisgoodforkids.Beingapartoftheroutineworkofrunningahouseholdhelpschildrendevelopanawarenessoftheneedsofothers,whileatthesametimecontributingtotheiremotionalwell-being.Onesmallstudy,doneoveraperiodof25years,foundthatthebestpredictor(预测)foryoungadults’successintheirmid-20swaswhethertheyparticipatedinhouseholdtasksatage3or4.Thoseearlysharedresponsibilitiesextendedtoasenseofresponsibilityinotherareasoftheirlives.Butforallthattheirhelpmatters,fewkidsaredoingmucharoundthehouseatall.Inasurveyof1,000Americanadults,75percentsaidtheybelievedregularhouseworkmadekids“moreresponsible”.Yetwhile82percentreportedhavinghadregularhouseworkgrowingup,only56percentofthosewithchildrensaidtheyrequiredthemtodohousework.Sportsandhomeworkarenotget-out-of-housework-freecards.Thegoal,afterall,istoraiseadultswhocanbalanceacaringroleintheirfamiliesandcommunitieswithwhateverlifetimeachievementgoalstheychoose.Houseworkteachesthatbalance.Whatshouldyoudowhengettingchildrentodohousework?Acceptnoexcuses.Don’tworryifyoumustrepeatyourselfagainandagain.Ifyou’respendingmoretimegettingthechildtodothisjobthanitwouldtaketodoityourself,thenyou’redoingitright.Canapaymenthelp?Maybe.Butifyou’retryingtoteachkidstosharetheresponsibilityofahome,payingthemforroutinehouseworkisnottherightmessage.1．Whatcanweinferfromthefirstparagraph?A．Veryfewchildrengethouseworkdone. B．Childrenareverybusywithhousework.C．Houseworkisamust-doforparents. D．Familymembersshouldrespecteachother.2．Whatisfoundinthesmallstudy?A．Houseworkhelpsamanliveahappylife. B．Aman’ssuccessdependsonhishousework.C．Houseworkbenefitsasenseofresponsibility. D．AchildmuststartdoinghouseworkatAge3.3．Whatdoestheauthoradviseparentstodointhelastparagraph?A．Balancehouseworkandstudy. B．Helpthechilddohouseworkpositively.C．Dohouseworkbythemselves. D．Paythechildforhousework.4．Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A．AdultsDoLessHouseworkintheUS B．HouseworkMatterstoChildren.C．ParentsWordsSpeakLouder D．ChildrenNeedMoreCareatHome【答案】1．A2．C3．B4．B【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要以“孩子要做家务”为话题，通过研究和事例，论证做家务对孩子成长的重要性，鼓励家长督促孩子多参与家务活，培养责任意识。1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Manymoreofusassign(分派)housework,orsaywebelieveinthem,butthehouseworkjustdoesn’tgetdone.(我们中有更多的人会分配家务，或者说我们相信家务，但家务只是没有被作。)”可推断，尽管分派了家务活，但是很少有孩子真正去做。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Thoseearlysharedresponsibilitiesextendedtoasenseofresponsibilityinotherareasoftheirlives.(这些早期共同承担的责任延伸到了他们生活中其他领域的责任感。)”可知，该研究发现做家务活有助于孩子们培养责任意识。故选C。3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Whatshouldyoudowhengettingchildrentodohousework?Acceptnoexcuses.Don’tworryifyoumustrepeatyourselfagainandagain.Ifyou’respendingmoretimegettingthechildtodothisjobthanitwouldtaketodoityourself,thenyou’redoingitright.(当你让孩子做家务时，你应该怎么做？不要接受任何借口。如果你必须一遍又一遍地重复，也不要担心。如果你花在让孩子做这件事上的时间比你自己做这件事的时间还多，那么你做得对。)”可知，作者建议家长给孩子分派家务活时不接受孩子的任何托词，积极帮助孩子做家务。故选B。4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，第一段首句“Childrenshoulddohousework.(孩子们应该做家务。)”为该文的核心话题，第二段“Forstarters,houseworkisgoodforkids.Beingapartoftheroutineworkofrunningahouseholdhelpschildrendevelopanawarenessoftheneedsofothers,whileatthesametimecontributingtotheiremotionalwell-being.(首先，做家务对孩子有好处。作为日常家务的一部分，帮助孩子们培养对他人需求的认识，同时也有助于他们的情感健康。)”论述了做家务可以给孩子带来的好处，由此可知，本文主要论述做家务活对孩子成长的重要性，助力孩子的责任意识，因此最好的标题是B选项“HouseworkMatterstoChildren.(家务对孩子很重要。)”。故选B。（23-24高一上·福建宁德·期末）There’ssomethingsowonderfullyeasyaboutreadingthiscolumninaphysicalnewspaper.Youturnedthepage,andhereitis,withfewannoyancesordistractions,inanultra-high-definition(超高清的)typefacewhichwascustom-designedwithpleasurablereadinginmind.Or—wait—areyoureadingthisonaphone?DidyoufollowalinkfromTwitter,orFacebook?Ormaybeyou’reonatrain,oraplane,oryou’retryingtouseyourlaptoponyourcousin’sbadWi-Ficonnectionoutinthecountrysidesomewhere.Inthecase,there’saprettygoodchancethatevengettingthisfarissomekindofminormiracle.Whentalkingabouttheeconomicsofonlinepublishing,thefirstthingtorememberisthatjobNo.1isn’ttogetthenewstoyou.Rather,itistomonetizeyou,bysellingyouoff,inrealtime,tothehighestbidder.Thishappenseverytimeyouclickonalink,beforethepagehasevenstartedtoloadonyourphone.Analmostunthinkablyenormousecosystemofscripts,cookiesandoftenastonishinglypersonalinformationisusedtoshowyouasetofbrandmessagesandsalespitcheswhicharetailoredalmostuniquelytoyou.Thatecosystemraisesimportantquestionsaboutprivacyandjustgeneralcreepiness(毛骨悚然)—thewaythattheminuteyoulookatapairofshoesonline,forinstance,theythenstartfollowingyouaroundeveryotherwebsiteyouvisitforweeks.Butwhetherornotyouvalueyourprivacy,youaredamaged,daily,bythesheerweightofallthattechnology.Onlineadshavenevergotlessannoyingovertime,andyoucanbesurethatmobileadsaregoingtogetmoreannoyingaswell,onceSiliconValleyhasworkedouthowtobetteridentifywhoyouare.Themovetogreaterprivacyprotectionmighthelpslowthepaceatwhichsuchtechnologiesareadopted.Butthere’snorealistichopethatwebsiteswillactuallyimprovefromhere.Ifyouwanttoavoidtheterribleexperienceofthemobileweb,you’llonlyhaveonechoice—whichistostartreadingyourarticlesnatively,intheFacebookorAppleNewsapp.Butitwon’tbeFacebookandApplewhokilledthenewsbrands.It’llbeadtech.1．Whatisthemainpurposeofthefirstparagraph?A．Tointroducevariousreadingstyles.B．Toleadtothetopictobetalkedabout.C．Toshowtheadvantagesofphysicalnewspapers.D．Tocomparephysicalnewspaperswithelectronicreading.2．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph2?A．Thereader’sdemandissatisfied.B．Thereader’sinterestismotivated.C．Thereaderischeatedbythedesign.D．Thereaderistakenadvantageof.3．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheeconomicsofonlinepublishingaccordingtothepassage?A．Tolerant. B．Critical.C．Supportive. D．Indifferent.4．Whatcouldbelearnedfromthelastparagraph?A．Onlineadshavebecomelesstroublesome.B．SiliconValleyisasfamousasFacebook.C．Adtechisagoodsolutiontoprivacyprotection.D．Itistoughtokeepawayfromtheannoyancesbroughtaboutbyads.【答案】1．B2．D3．B4．D【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章对智能设备进行阅读时出现广告表达不满。1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“There’ssomethingsowonderfullyeasyaboutreadingthiscolumninaphysicalnewspaper.Youturnedthepage,andhereitis,withfewannoyancesordistractions,inanultra-high-definition(超高清的)typefacewhichwascustom-designedwithpleasurablereadinginmind.Or—wait—areyoureadingthisonaphone?(在纸质报纸上阅读这篇专栏文章是一件非常简单的事情。你翻了一页，它就在这里，超高清字体是为愉悦阅读而定制的，几乎没有让人烦恼或分心的东西。要么——等等——你是在手机上读这篇文章吗？)”等内容可知，本段通过纸质阅读和智能设备上阅读的体验对比，来引出下文讨论的话题：对智能设备上广告阅读的不满。故选B项。2．词句猜测题。划线词句前文“Whentalkingabouttheeconomicsofonlinepublishing,thefirstthingtorememberisthatjobNo.1isn’ttogetthenewstoyou.(当谈到在线出版的经济学时，首先要记住的是，首要任务不是把新闻传递给你。)”说明在线出版的经济学首要任务不是向读者提供新闻，结合划线词句中Rather(相反)等内容，从而推知“Rather,itistomonetizeyou,bysellingyouoff,inrealtime,tothehighestbidder.(相反，itistomonetizeyou，是通过实时将您出售给出价最高的人。)”其中短句应为“读者被出卖了，读者被利用来读新闻广告了”的意思。故选D项。3．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Analmostunthinkablyenormousecosystemofscripts,cookiesandoftenastonishinglypersonalinformationisusedtoshowyouasetofbrandmessagesandsalespitcheswhicharetailoredalmostuniquelytoyou.(一个几乎难以想象的庞大生态系统，包括脚本、cookie和经常令人惊讶的个人信息，被用来向你展示一组品牌信息和销售宣传，这些信息几乎是为你量身定制的。)”以及最后一段中“Onlineadshavenevergotlessannoyingovertime,andyoucanbesurethatmobileadsaregoingtogetmoreannoyingaswell,onceSiliconValleyhasworkedouthowtobetteridentifywhoyouare.(随着时间的推移，在线广告从未像现在这样让人讨厌，可以肯定的是，一旦硅谷找到了更好地识别你是谁的方法，移动广告也会变得更加令人讨厌。)”可知，作者对网络出版经济学的态度是批判的。故选B项。4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Onlineadshavenevergotlessannoyingovertime,andyoucanbesurethatmobileadsaregoingtogetmoreannoyingaswell,onceSiliconValleyhasworkedouthowtobetteridentifywhoyouare.Themovetogreaterprivacyprotectionmighthelpslowthepaceatwhichsuchtechnologiesareadopted.Butthere’snorealistichopethatwebsiteswillactuallyimprovefromhere.Ifyouwanttoavoidtheterribleexperienceofthemobileweb,you’llonlyhaveonechoice—whichistostartreadingyourarticlesnatively,intheFacebookorAppleNewsapp.Butitwon’tbeFacebookandApplewhokilledthenewsbrands.It’llbeadtech.(随着时间的推移，在线广告从未像现在这样让人讨厌，可以肯定的是，一旦硅谷找到了更好地识别你是谁的方法，移动广告也会变得更加令人讨厌。加强隐私保护的举措可能有助于减缓此类技术被采用的速度。但从现在开始，网站要真正得到改善是不现实的。如果你想避免糟糕的移动网络体验，你只有一个选择，那就是开始在Facebook或AppleNews应用程序中阅读你的文章。但破坏新闻品牌的不会是Facebook和苹果。它将是广告技术。)”可知，要远离广告带来的烦恼是很难的。故选D项。（23-24高一上·内蒙古赤峰·期末）Shouldweallowmodernbuildingstobebuiltnexttoolderbuildingsinahistoricareaofacity?Inordertoanswerthisquestion,wemustfirstexaminewhetherpeoplereallywanttopreservethehistoricfeelofanarea.Notallhistoricalbuildingsareattractive.However,theremaybeotherreasons—forexample,economicreasonswhytheyshouldbepreserved.So,let