江西省高三下学期2月一模考试英语试题【含答案解析】

高三英语考生注意：1.本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分150分，考试时间120分钟。2.答题前，考生务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将密封线内项目填写清楚。3.考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；非选择题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。4.本卷命题范围：高考范围。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C.1.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodotoday?A.Exploreamuseum.B.Watchashow.C.Gotoazoo.2.Whatdothespeakersagreewith?A.Publictransportbenefitstheenvironment.B.It’swisetosharearidewithsomefriends.C.Manypeoplelackawarenessofgreentravel.3.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Payingbycheck.B.Savingmoney.C.Shoppinghabits.4.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Coworkers.B.Managerandcook.C.Waitressandcustomer.5.Whatdoesthemanthinkoftheapartmentnearhisoffice?A.Therentishighforhim.B.Itssurroundingsarenotgood.C.Itisfarfromthecentraldistrict.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inatravelagency.B.Inasupermarket.C.Inahotel.7.Howmuchdoesthemanpayatlast?A.$480.B.$500.C.$520.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.WhywillthemangotothelibrarynextTuesday?A.Toborrowgamebooks.B.Tomeetnewpeople.C.Toregisterforacourse.9.Whatcanthespeakersdoiftheyhavequestionsabouttheevent?A.Makeaphonecall.B.Emailalibrarian.C.Visitanofficialwebsite.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.WhendidthewomanstarinherfirstTVshow?A.Attheageof3.B.Attheageof5.C.Attheageof8.11.Whatdidthewomandoin2011?A.SheperformedinTheDescendants.B.ShewaspraisedforReplacingDad.C.ShegotaroleinAPlaceCalledHome.12.Whatwillthewomantalkaboutnext?A.Apopularfilm.B.Anorganization.C.Hermother’slove.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.WhoisAmandaDehoney?A.AgirlmucholderthanLisa.B.Avolunteerworkingwiththeman.C.Lisa’scoworkerattheanimalshelter.14.WhatisLisa’sfavoriteanimal?A.Fish.B.Dogs.C.Cats.15.WhatdoesLisasayaboutthenewanimalshelter?A.Itissmallerthanbefore.B.Ithasenoughvolunteers.C.Itcancontainmoreanimals.16.Whatisthemanprobablygoingtodo?A.Movetoanewplace.B.Quithispresentjob.C.Applyforvolunteerwork.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatisthespeaker?A.Atourguide.B.Aradiohostess.C.Arestaurantowner.18.WhatcanweknowaboutYankSing?AItinitiallyoffered58seats.B.Itdoesn’thaveamenu.C.Itwasopenedbyacouple.19.WhatdoesYankSing’sfamousdimsuminclude?A.TraditionalAmericanfood.B.Platesofdumplings.C.Foodmadebycustomers.20.Whydoesthespeakergivethetalk?A.Tointroducearestaurant.B.ToadvertiseSanFrancisco.C.Totellhertravelexperience.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AFourBestArtMuseumsintheWorldPalaciodeBellasArtesPalaciodeBellasArtes,locatedinMexicoCity,Mexico,ishosttoMexicanballet,aswellasnumerousnationalandinternationaloperasandplays.Evenifyou’renotgoingtoenjoyanightattheopera,itisworthwhiletovisitthemuseumtotouritscollectionofworksbyMexicanmuralists(壁画家).Itproudlydisplaysmuralsbythemostimportantartistsinthecountry,includingDiegoRivera,RufinoTamayoandDavidAlfaroSiqueiros.VictoriaandAlbertMuseumSituatedinLondon,England,VictoriaandAlbertMuseumwasdesignedtoshowofftheworld’sbestcontemporaryarchitectureanddesign.Openingin1851,itmovedtowhereitisnowsixyearslaterandhasmorethan2.27millionobjectscoveringdecorativeartsanddesign.NamedafterQueenVictoriaandPrinceAlbert,itcelebratestheroletheprinceplayedinmakingitthemuseumweknowtoday.MuseoReinaSofiaDevotedto20th-centurySpanishart,MuseoReinaSofiainMadrid,SpainincludesSpain’sgreatestcollectionsofPicassoandDalipieces,includingPicasso’s1937masterpieceGuernica.OthermasterpiecesfoundinthemuseumincludeworksbyJoanMiro,PabloGargallo,JuanHis,LucioMunozandothers.ItalsohasinternationalartcollectionsfromFrancisBacon,AlexanderCalder,VasilyKandinsky,ReneMagritteandmanyothers.ArtInstituteofChicagoArtInstituteofChicagoinChicago,AmericaholdsoneofthemostvaluableartcollectionsintheUnitedStates.ItisknownforhavingimportantworksofAmericanart,suchasEdwardHopper’sNighthawksandGrantWood’sAmericanGothic.Itsinternationalcollectionsarejustasimpressive,withpiecesbyPicasso,MaryCassattandGeorgeSeurat.Besidesmodernart,themuseumhaspiecesofancientartaswellasAsianartworksthatdatebacktoover5,000yearsago.1.WhatcanyoudoatPalaciodeBellasArtes?A.Enjoydanceperformances. B.Learnaboutaprince’sstories.C.InteractwithBritishmuralists. D.Takeprofessionalwritingcourses.2.WhendidVictoriaandAlbertMuseummovetoitscurrentlocation?A.In1845. B.In1851. C.In1857. D.In1937.3.WhatdoMuseoReinaSofiaandArtInstituteofChicagohaveincommon?A.TheyhousePicasso’sartpieces. B.Theyfeaturecontemporaryarchitecture.C.Theyfocuson20th-centuryAmericanart. D.TheyarefamousforancientAsianartworks.【答案】1.A2.C3.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了世界上最好的四个艺术博物馆的相关信息。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据PalaciodeBellasArtes部分“PalaciodeBellasArtes,locatedinMexicoCity,Mexico,ishosttoMexicanballet,aswellasnumerousnationalandinternationaloperasandplays.(PalaciodeBellasArtes位于墨西哥墨西哥城，是墨西哥芭蕾舞以及众多国内和国际歌剧和戏剧的举办地。)”可知，在PalaciodeBellasArtes可以欣赏舞蹈表演。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据VictoriaandAlbertMuseum部分“Openingin1851,itmovedtowhereitisnowsixyearslaterandhasmorethan2.27millionobjectscoveringdecorativeartsanddesign.(该博物馆于1851年开放，六年后迁至现址，拥有超过227万件装饰艺术和设计作品。)”可知，VictoriaandAlbertMuseum是在1857年搬到现在的位置的。故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据MuseoReinaSofia部分“Devotedto20th-centurySpanishart,MuseoReinaSofiainMadrid,SpainincludesSpain’sgreatestcollectionsofPicassoandDalipieces,includingPicasso’s1937masterpieceGuernica.(位于西班牙马德里的MuseoReinaSofia致力于20世纪的西班牙艺术，收藏了西班牙最伟大的毕加索和达利的作品，包括毕加索1937年的杰作《格尔尼卡》。)”和ArtInstituteofChicago部分“Itsinternationalcollectionsarejustasimpressive,withpiecesbyPicasso,MaryCassattandGeorgeSeurat.(它的国际收藏同样令人印象深刻，收藏了毕加索、玛丽·卡萨特和乔治·修拉的作品。)”可知，MuseoReinaSofia和ArtInstituteofChicago的共同之处是它们收藏了毕加索的艺术作品。故选A。B“Justgoupandjump.Don’tthink.Ifyoudo,you’lljustcomplicatethings,”shoutedNuno,aphotographertravellingwithmeonapresstriptoSwitzerland.Iheldontothecoldmetalrailing(栏杆),whileheeggedonmetokeepgoing.AsIreachedthetopoftheladderleadinguptothedivingboardsuspendedoveragreenpondandlookedoveratthevastnothingnesssandwichedbetween,IdidexactlywhatNunotoldme.ThenextthingIknewwasthatIwalkedtotheedge,closedmyeyes,heldmybreathandjumped.Idon’trememberthefall.WhatIdorememberisthetimeittookmetobreakintothewater’ssurface.Itfeltlikeacentury.Forme,amaleadultwhogotbywithbreaststrokesandcouldn’ttread(踩)waterwithoutholdingontosomething,itfeltlikeabarrierhadbeenovercome.SomethingchangedthemomentIjumpedoffthatfive-meter-highdivingboardintothedepthsofDreiWeieren,acold17th-centurypondinthecityofSt.GalleninSwitzerland,whichitsresidentscrowdedforaswimduringsummerandtoskateinthewinter.Icouldn’tstopsmilingasIchangedoutofmywetclothesinabathhouseandwonderedwhatitwasthatmademeexcited.MaybeitwasthechallengeofdoingwhatIwouldotherwisehavenevertried—jumpingoffanedge.MaybeitwasthefreedomthatNuno’swordsforcedmetopursue.Whathesaidholdstrueforsomuchoflifedoesn’tit?Don’tweallcomplicatethingsbythinkingmorethanweneedto?Sometimesoneneedstoquietthevoiceofself-doubtandthrowoneselfintosomething.Ienjoyedbeingwrappedinexhilaration,sooverthenextweek,Ithrewcautiontothewindsandtriednewthingswithvaryinglevelsofsuccess.4.WhydidNunoshouttotheauthor?A.Toencouragehimtodive. B.Tourgehimtoposeforaphoto.C.Toremindhimnottofallofftheboard. D.Towarnhimtothinktwicebeforediving.5.Howdidtheauthorfeelaftertryingdiving?A.Hewasashamedofhisidentity. B.HewassympathetictoNuno.C.Hewasgratefultolocalpeople. D.Hewassatisfiedwithhimself.6.Whatdoestheauthorshareinparagraph4?A.Reflectionsonunexpectedtravelplans. B.Reasonsforhisunsuccessfuldivingattempt.C.Lessonslearnedfromhisdivingexperience. D.Assumptionsaboutfuturedivingpractice.7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exhilaration”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Support. B.Excitement. C.Security. D.Praise.【答案】4.A5.D6.C7.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在瑞士旅行时，在摄影师Nuno的鼓励下克服恐惧，勇敢地从五米高的跳板上跳入水中，并在此过程中获得了克服自我怀疑、勇于尝试新事物的启示。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Justgoupandjump.Don’tthink.Ifyoudo,you’lljustcomplicatethings.(上去跳吧。别想太多。如果你想了，你只会把事情复杂化)”可知，Nuno是在鼓励作者跳水。故选A。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Icouldn’tstopsmilingasIchangedoutofmywetclothesinabathhouseandwonderedwhatitwasthatmademeexcited.(当我在澡堂换下湿漉漉的衣服时，我忍不住笑了，我想知道是什么让我如此兴奋)”可知，尝试跳水后，作者对自己很满意。故选D。【6题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段“MaybeitwasthechallengeofdoingwhatIwouldotherwisehavenevertried—jumpingoffanedge.MaybeitwasthefreedomthatNuno’swordsforcedmetopursue.Whathesaidholdstrueforsomuchoflife,doesn’tit?Don’tweallcomplicatethingsbythinkingmorethanweneedto?Sometimesoneneedstoquietthevoiceofself-doubtandthrowoneselfintosomething.(也许这是我做了一件我本不会尝试的事情——从边缘跳下去的挑战。也许是努诺的话迫使我追求的自由。他说的话在很多生活中都是正确的，不是吗?我们是不是都想得太多，把事情搞复杂了?有时候，你需要平息自我怀疑的声音，全身心投入到某件事中去)”可知，作者在第4段分享了从他的跳水经历中学到的教训。故选C。【7题详解】词句猜测题。根据第四段“Icouldn’tstopsmilingasIchangedoutofmywetclothesinabathhouseandwonderedwhatitwasthatmademeexcited.(当我在澡堂里换下湿漉漉的衣服时，我忍不住微笑，心想究竟是什么让我如此兴奋)”及画线词后“…Ithrewcautiontothewindsandtriednewthingswithvaryinglevelsofsuccess.(……我抛开顾虑，尝试新事物，取得了不同程度的成功)”可知，作者应该是享受这种兴奋的感觉，所以接下来的一周，他抛开谨慎，尝试新事物，并取得了不同程度的成功，由此可知，“exhilaration”的意思应该是“兴奋”。故选B。CEachfall,aftermonarchbutterfliesmigratefromsouthernCanadatothemountainsofcentralMexico,theyspendthewinterexclusivelyonoyamelfirtrees.Butclimatechangeprojectionspredictthatoyamelfirtreeswilldisappearalmostentirelyby2090.“Thissoundscrazy,butweneedtomovethetreestohigherelevations(海拔),”saidCuauhtémocSáenz-Romero,aforestgeneticist.“Oyamelfirtrees,whichgrowfromaround2,400metersto3,500meters,needcoldmountainairtosurvive.Thehigh-elevationcoldnessalsoallowsmonarchbutterfliestosurvivethewinter.AscentralMexicogetswarmer,newgenerationsofoyamelfirtreeswilllikelyclimbhigheruptheirnativemountainsandultimatelyrunoutofmountainstoclimb.”Sáenz-Romerowantedtodotheexperiment100kilometersfromtheirnativehabitat,buthewasawarethatthetreeswouldn’tgettherebythemselves.“Unfortunately,thesceneinTheLordoftheRings,wherethetreesarewalkingtowardbattle—it’sjustfiction.Itdoesn’thappen,”hesaid.Histeamcollectedoyamelfirseedsfromelevationsbetween3,100metersand3,500metersinsidetheMonarchButterflyBiosphereReserveinMichoacánstateandgrewthemtemporarilyinatreenursery.Then,inpartnershipwiththelocalcommunityinCalimaya,theteamplantedaround960treesinthecommunity’sforestontheNevadodeTolucavolcano.Someseedlings(幼苗)wereplantedat3,400meterswhileotherswereplantedhigher,incolderclimates,at3,600,3,800and4,000metersabovesealevel.“Ifthefircouldtakerootathigher-than-normalelevations,thetreesmightsurvivethereinthefutureastemperatureswarm,”Sáenz-Romerohoped.Threeyearslater,theteamfoundthatoyamelfirtreesweresmallerandshorterthehighertheysatonNevadodeToluca.Still,manymadeitpasttheirfirstyear.Onaverage,80percentofseedlingsthatgotmovedtolocations2.3℃colderthantheirhomeregionssurvivedatleastthreeyears.Turningtheexperimentintorealitywilllikelyfacemanychallenges.Andevenifthetreescansurvivealongerterm,anotherquestionremains:Willmonarchbutterfliesfindthem?8.WhatdidSáenz-Romerostressconcerningoyamelfirtreesinparagraph2?A.CentralMexicohasbeeninhabitableforthem.B.It’snecessarytogrowthemontallermountains.C.Thehigh-elevationcoldnessdoesharmtothem.D.Monarchbutterfliesareessentialfortheirsurvival.9.WhydidSáenz-RomeromentionTheLordoftheRings?A.Tohighlightthesignificanceofgrowingtrees.B.Toindicatetheworkrequiredfortheexperiment.C.Todemonstratehisleadingroleintheexperiment.D.Toexplainthecauseofthefailureoftheexperiment.10.WhatdidSáenz-Romero’steamdofortheexperiment?A.Theyplantedtreesatdifferentelevations. B.Theyemployedlab-grownoyamelfirseeds.C.Theycutdownsometreesinalocalreserve. D.Theychosewarmerhabitatforoyamelfirtrees.11.Whatcanbelearnedabouttheexperiment?A.Itdefinitelypromisesabrightfuture. B.Itturnsouttobeoflittlevalue.C.Itthreatensmonarchbutterflies. D.Ithasachievedinitialsuccess.【答案】8.B9.B10.A11.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了由于气候变化，墨西哥中部的冷杉树可能会消失，科学家Sáenz-Romero的团队进行了一项实验，将冷杉树种植在更高海拔的地区，以期望它们能在未来温暖的气温中生存下来。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段““Thissoundscrazy,butweneedtomovethetreestohigherelevations(海拔)”.(“这听起来很疯狂，但我们需要把树移到更高的地方”)”和““Oyamelfirtrees,whichgrowfromaround2,400metersto3,500meters,needcoldmountainairtosurvive.Thehigh-elevationcoldnessalsoallowsmonarchbutterfliestosurvivethewinter.AscentralMexicogetswarmer,newgenerationsofoyamelfirtreeswilllikelyclimbhigheruptheirnativemountainsandultimatelyrunoutofmountainstoclimb”.(“冷杉树生长在大约2400米到3500米之间，需要寒冷的山间空气才能生存。高海拔的寒冷也让帝王蝶得以熬过冬天。随着墨西哥中部变暖，新一代的冷杉树可能会爬到它们原生山脉的更高处，最终没有山可爬了。)”可知，Sáenz-Romero强调由于气候变化，有必要把冷杉树种植到更高的山上。故选B。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Sáenz-Romerowantedtodotheexperiment100kilometersfromtheirnativehabitat,buthewasawarethatthetreeswouldn’tgettherebythemselves.‘Unfortunately,thesceneinTheLordoftheRings,wherethetreesarewalkingtowardbattle—it’sjustfiction.Itdoesn’thappen,’hesaid.(Sáenz-Romero想在距离它们原生栖息地100公里的地方做这个实验，但他知道这些树不会自己到那里去。他说：‘不幸的是，《指环王》中树木走向战场的场景——那只是虚构的。这不会发生’。)”可知，Sáenz-Romero提到《指环王》是为了说明实验所需的工作，即树木不会自己移动到更高的地方，需要人为地进行移植。故选B。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Histeamcollectedoyamelfirseedsfromelevationsbetween3,100metersand3,500metersinsidetheMonarchButterflyBiosphereReserveinMichoacánstateandgrewthemtemporarilyinatreenursery.Then,inpartnershipwiththelocalcommunityinCalimaya,theteamplantedaround960treesinthecommunity’sforestontheNevadodeTolucavolcano.Someseedlings(幼苗)wereplantedat3,400meterswhileotherswereplantedhigher,incolderclimates,at3,600,3,800and4,000metersabovesealevel.(他的团队在米却肯州的帝王蝶生物圈保护区内，从3100米到3500米的海拔处收集了冷杉种子，并在树苗培育场临时种植。然后，该团队与卡利马亚的当地社区合作，在内瓦多德托卢卡火山的社区森林中种植了约960棵树。一些幼苗种植在海拔3400米处，而另一些则种植在海拔更高、气候更寒冷的地方，即海拔3600米、3800米和4000米处。)”可知，Sáenz-Romero的团队为实验在不同的海拔种植了树木。故选A。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Threeyearslater,theteamfoundthatoyamelfirtreesweresmallerandshorterthehighertheysatonNevadodeToluca.Still,manymadeitpasttheirfirstyear.Onaverage,80percentofseedlingsthatgotmovedtolocations2.3℃colderthantheirhomeregionssurvivedatleastthreeyears.(三年后，研究小组发现，冷杉树在内瓦多德托卢卡火山上的位置越高，树就越小越矮。尽管如此，许多树还是度过了第一年。平均而言，被移到比原生长地冷2.3℃的地方的幼苗中，有80%至少存活了三年。)”可知，实验已经取得了初步的成功。故选D。DOnthecrowdedsupermarketshelves,foodproductswithcarefullydesignedpackagingandlabelsdrawattention.Some72%ofAmericanconsumerssaythatproductpackaginginfluencestheirpurchasedecisions—astatisticnotlostonfoodmanufacturers(生产商).LouisBiscotti,theNationalLeaderforFood&BeverageServicesGroupatMarcum,writesinForbesthatwhentheFDAupdateditsnutritionfactslabelforpackagedfoodsin2020,foodcompaniesfoundtheycouldusethoselabelsontheirpackagingtoprovidenutritionalandotherdatatoboostsales.Headdsthat30%ofU.S.consumerssurveyedaremorelikelytobuyproductswithsustainablecredentials(认证)andthat“cleanlabel”characteristicscanwinoverconsumers.Labelingcanbeveryhelpfulwhendeterminingcertainthingsaboutafooditem.“USDAOrganic”,“freeofpreservatives”and“raisedwithoutantibiotics”,forexample,havespecificstandards,andtheproductwillneedtobetruetothoseclaims.However,anewreporttakesalookatthe“natural”claimsonfoodpackagingandtheresultiseye-opening.“Foodsuppliersusethelabelthatclaimsthefoodis‘natural’atarelativelylowcostbecauseregulatoryagenciestreattheclaimasmeaningnothingartificialwasaddedandtheproductwasminimallyprocessed,”theauthorsexplain.“Natural”claimslike“allnatural”,“100%natural”and“madewithnaturalingredients”arenotdefinedinregulations.“NeithertheFDA’snorUSDA’spolicydecisionsaddressthehealthbenefitsorcropproductionmethodsconsumersmightassigntonatural-labeledfoods,”writetheauthors.However,manypeoplethinkaproductlabeled“natural”deliversbenefitsfarbeyondwhatitdoes.Atfirst,itmightsimplyseemupsettingthatfoodmanufacturersarecapitalizingonconsumers’innocencetoboostpricesandthatconsumersaren’tgettingwhattheythinkthey’regetting.Butthemoreseriousproblemishowthisharmsfoodproducerswhoareactuallymeetingthestandardsforstricterlabelsthatareactuallydoinggood,likeonesaroundorganicpracticesoranimalwelfare.Farmersandproducersdoingtheworkendupatacompetitivedisadvantageinthemarketplaceifconsumerstreatfoodslabeled“natural”asalike.12.Howdofoodcompaniestrytoattractconsumersaccordingtothetext?A.Byincreasingfoodnutrition. B.Bycuttingthenumberoflabels.C.Bytakingadvantageofpackaging. D.Bysellingfoodproductsatadiscount.13.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“theproduct”inparagraph3referto?A.Apreservativeclaimedtobeharmless. B.A“clean”labelwithspecificstandards.C.Akindofunpopularbuthealthyfood. D.Afooditemwithclaimsonthelabel.14.Whatdoesthenewreportfindaboutthe“natural”claimsonfoodpackaging?A.Theyareunrelatedtofoodprocessing. B.Theyrevealthegoodeffectsoffood.C.Theydon’tguaranteehealthbenefits. D.Theyinvolvecropproductionmethods.15.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Foodmanufacturers’novelsalesstrategies. B.Theimpactofconsumers’misconceptions.C.Thewell-acceptedstandardforstricterlabels. D.Victimsofunhealthyfoodinthemarketplace.【答案】12.C13.D14.C15.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了消费者在购买食品时往往会注重包装，尤其是标签声明。然而，这也可能导致消费者掉入一种消费陷阱，从而引发不良后果。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Some72%ofAmericanconsumerssaythatproductpackaginginfluencestheirpurchasedecisions—astatisticnotlostonfoodmanufacturers(生产商).(大约72%的美国消费者表示，产品包装会影响他们的购买决定——这一数据并未被食品生产商忽视)”及第二段“…foodcompaniesfoundtheycouldusethoselabelsontheirpackagingtoprovidenutritionalandotherdatatoboostsales.(……食品公司发现，他们可以在包装上使用这些标签来提供营养信息和其他数据，以促进销售)”可知，食品公司利用包装吸引消费者。故选C。【13题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段“Labelingcanbeveryhelpfulwhendeterminingcertainthingsaboutafooditem.‘USDAOrganic’,‘freeofpreservatives’and‘raisedwithoutantibiotics’,forexample,havespecificstandards,andtheproductwillneedtobetruetothoseclaims.(在确定食品的某些情况时，标签会非常有帮助。例如，‘USDA有机’、‘不含防腐剂’和‘无抗生素饲养’等标签都有具体的标准，该产品需要符合这些声明)”可知，theproduct指的是标签上有声明的食品。故选D。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“‘Natural’claimslike‘allnatural’,‘100%natural’and‘madewithnaturalingredients’arenotdefinedinregulations.(‘天然’、‘100%天然’和‘采用天然成分制成’等声明在法规中并没有定义)”和“However,manypeoplethinkaproductlabeled‘natural’deliversbenefitsfarbeyondwhatitdoes.(然而，许多人认为标有‘天然’的产品所带来的好处远远超出了其实际所带来的好处)”可知，新报告发现食品包装上的“天然”声明不能保证健康益处。故选C。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Atfirst,itmightsimplyseemupsettingthatfoodmanufacturersarecapitalizingonconsumers’innocencetoboostpricesandthatconsumersaren’tgettingwhattheythinkthey’regetting.Butthemoreseriousproblemishowthisharmsfoodproducerswhoareactuallymeetingthestandardsforstricterlabelsthatareactuallydoinggood,likeonesaroundorganicpracticesoranimalwelfare.Farmersandproducersdoingtheworkendupatacompetitivedisadvantageinthemarketplaceifconsumerstreatfoodslabeled“natural”asalike.(起初，食品制造商利用消费者的无知来提高价格，而消费者却没有得到他们认为应得的产品，这可能只是让人感到不安。但更严重的问题是，这种做法如何伤害了那些真正符合更严格标签标准、真正在做好事的食品生产者，比如那些遵循有机种植或动物福利标准的生产者。如果消费者认为标有“天然”的食品都大同小异，那么那些真正付出努力的农民和生产者在市场上就会处于竞争劣势)”可知，最后一段主要讲的是消费者误解“天然”标签的含义，这对真正符合更严格标签标准的食品生产者造成了不利影响。故选B。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Occupiedbychallengingcoursesandapackedscheduleofafter-schoolactivities,ahighschoolstudentwasstretchedtoherlimit.Herwell-meaningparentsoftenencouragedherwiththephrase“Justdoyourbest”.However,itfeltlikeaburdenshecouldn’tcarry.____16____.Parentsoftenturnto“doyourbest”,believingitwillinspiretheirchildrentorisetochallenges.Butforkidslikethisstudent,itcanfeellikeanimpossiblestandardthattiestheirsenseofworthtotheirabilitytoperform.Thetruthisthatnobodycangive100%allthetime.____17____.AsIwroteinmybook,10DaystoaLessDefiantChild,encouragingeffortdoesn’tmeanwehavetoholdkidstoanimpossiblestandard.Instead,wecanfocusonfosteringasolidworkethic(道德)whileleavingroomforgrowth.Herearetwoessentialguidelines:·Setrealisticexpectations:Sometimes,“goodenough”isjustfine.____18____.Forexample,ifyourhigh-schoolersarestressedaboutperfectingeveryassignment,helpthemunderstandthatnoteverytaskrequiresequaleffort.·____19____:Insteadofsaying“You’resosmart!”,try“Inoticedhowmucheffortyouputintosolvingthatproblem.Thatkindofdeterminationwillhelpyouinsomanyways.”Thisshiftsthefocusfromfixedtraits(特质)togrowthandeffort.Tellingchildrento“alwaysdoyourbest”canunintentionallylinktheirsenseofworthtoachievement.Instead,byteachingthemwhentopushandwhentopause,wepreparethemforabalancedandfulfillinglife.____20____.Itcanbeassimpleashelpingkidsnavigate(掌控)theircapacity,showingthemthevalueofeffort,andremindingthemthattheirperformance—whateveritlookslikeatthemoment—isalwaysenough.A.SeparateeffortfrompraiseB.ThissituationisfarfromuniqueC.PraisetheprocessratherthantheoutcomeD.Encouragementdoesn’thavetofeellikejudgmentE.TeachkidstoprioritizewheretoinvesttheirenergyF.Mostkidsarevaluedfortheirachievements,notjustwhotheyareG.We’rehumanandlifeisfullofmomentswhencircumstancesmake“ourbest”unattainable【答案】16.B17.G18.E19.C20.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了父母应如何正确鼓励孩子面对挑战和压力。【16题详解】根据上文“Occupiedbychallengingcoursesandapackedscheduleofafter-schoolactivities,ahighschoolstudentwasstretchedtoherlimit.Herwell-meaningparentsoftenencouragedherwiththephrase‘Justdoyourbest’.However,itfeltlikeaburdenshecouldn’tcarry.(一名高中生被充满挑战的课程和满满的课后活动安排得满满当当，已经达到了她的极限。她好心的父母经常用‘尽力而为’这句话来鼓励她。然而，这感觉像是她无法承受的负担)”和下文“Parentsoftenturnto‘doyourbest’,believingitwillinspiretheirchildrentorisetochallenges.(父母经常告诉孩子要‘尽力而为’，相信这会激励他们的孩子迎接挑战)”可知，上下文都提到了父母鼓励孩子尽力而为的情况，说明这种情况很普遍，选项B“这种情况远非个例”能够承上启下，符合语境。故选B。【17题详解】根据上文“Thetruthisthatnobodycangive100%allthetime.(事实是，没有人能够一直付出100%的努力)”可知，空处可能会说明为什么没有人能够一直付出100%的努力。选项G“我们是人，生活中充满了各种情况让我们‘竭尽全力’变得不可达成的时刻”解释了没有人能够一直付出100%努力的原因，符合语境。故选G。【18题详解】根据上文“Setrealisticexpectations:Sometimes,‘goodenough’isjustfine.(设定现实的期望：有时候，‘足够好’就可以了)”和下文“Forexample,ifyourhigh-schoolersarestressedaboutperfectingeveryassignment,helpthemunderstandthatnoteverytaskrequiresequaleffort.(例如，如果你的高中生对完美完成每一项作业感到压力，帮助他们理解并不是每一项任务都需要同样的努力)”可知，本段主要讲的是要设定现实的期望，教会孩子如何分配精力，不必每项任务都追求完美。选项E“教会孩子如何优先分配他们的精力”，符合语境。故选E。【19题详解】根据下文“Insteadofsaying‘You’resosmart!’,try‘Inoticedhowmucheffortyouputintosolvingthatproblem.Thatkindofdeterminationwillhelpyouinsomanyways.’Thisshiftsthefocusfromfixedtraitstogrowthandeffort.(不要说‘你真聪明！’，试试‘我注意到你为了解决这个问题付出了很多努力。这种决心会在很多方面帮助你。’这将焦点从固定的特质转移到成长和努力上)”可知，本段主要讲的是要表扬孩子的努力和过程，而不是仅仅关注结果。选项C“表扬过程而不是结果”能够概括本段的主旨，符合语境。故选C。【20题详解】根据上文“Instead,byteachingthemwhentopushandwhentopause,wepreparethemforabalancedandfulfillinglife.(相反，通过教会他们何时该努力、何时该暂停，我们为他们准备一个平衡而充实的生活)”和下文“Itcanbeassimpleashelpingkidsnavigatetheircapacity,showingthemthevalueofeffort,andremindingthemthattheirperformance—whateveritlookslikeatthemoment—isalwaysenough.(它可以简单地帮助孩子们掌控他们的能力，向他们展示努力的价值，并提醒他们，他们的表现——无论此刻看起来如何——总是足够的)”可知，本段主要讲的是父母对孩子的鼓励应该是一种支持，而不是一种评判，要让孩子知道他们的表现总是足够的。选项D“鼓励不必感觉像评判”能够承上启下，符合语境。故选D。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Self-taughtphotographerHarrySkeggshasspentyearscapturing(捕捉)imagesthatinspireustoprotectandappreciatethenaturalworldandits____21____.Thesephotoshavebeen____22____inanewcoffeetablebook,Creation:MasterpiecesfromtheNaturalWorld.PublishedbyteNeues,thebook____23____over100imagesofanimalsintheirnaturalhabitat.Skeggs’photographsgiveusacloselookatthese____24____animals,whetherit’sthesmallinsectsflyingaroundanAfricanlionorasilverbackgorilla(大猩猩)staringatsomething.Thespecialconnectionshe’sbuiltand____25____withtheseanimalshavepushedhimfarbeyondhis____26____,motivatinghimtocontributetothe____27____ofanimalsasaconservationist.“Fromclose-upsofwildcatstoswimmingamongtigersharks,Iamalwaysexcitedbynewprospectsto____28____ourwildearthandthephotographic____29____theyoffertothebrave,”hewrites.“Iam_____30_____tocapturingthebeautyofournaturalworldasitshouldbe—wildandfree.Theanimalsinmyworksare_____31_____.”ThismakesSkeggs’worksimpressive,ashiscommitmenttoshowingwildlife_____32_____takesextrapatienceanddedication.Butthisalso_____33_____hisloveforadventureand_____34_____toleavenatureunharmed.His_____35_____fortheenvironmentanditsinhabitantsshinesthroughacrossthebook’spages.21.A.replacements B.recorders C.creatures D.enemies22.A.puttogether B.targetedat C.commentedon D.cutup23.