2024-2025学年福建省宁德市部分学校高三下学期开学考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1福建省宁德市部分学校2024-2025学年高三下学期开学考试英语试题第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Whatdothespeakersneedtobuy?A.Afewchairs. B.Adinnertable. C.Afridge.【答案】A【原文】M:Let’sgotothedepartmentstoretobuysomethingforournewkitchen.W:Whatdoyouthinkweneedtobuy?M:We’vegotafridgeandadinnertablealready.Weneedsomechairs.2.Whatistheman?A.AChineseteacherinaschool.B.AChineseteacherinauniversity.C.AnEnglishteacherinauniversity.【答案】C【原文】W:DoyouteachChineseinamiddleschool?M:No.IteachEnglishinauniversity.W:Oh,IthoughtyouwereaChineseteacher.3.Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.Inarestaurant. B.Athome. C.Inanoffice.【答案】C【原文】W:OK,timetogohome.M:Ican’t.Ihaven’tfinishedthereportaboutthenewlyopenrestaurant.W:Well,ifyoucarryonworkinglikethat,you’llmakeyourselfill.4.Whatdoesthewomando?A.Adriver. B.Asalesperson. C.Adoctor.【答案】B【原文】M:Hello,ABCmarket?Doyouhaveanyfreshstrawberries?W:CanIputyouonholdwhileIgoandseeifwehaveanyleft?M:Sure.Thanks.5.Whatwasthemandoingwhentheaccidenttookplace?A.Hewasridinghisbike.B.Hewasdrivingthecar.C.Hewassittingonthebus.【答案】A【原文】W:Iheardyouhadacaraccident,John.AreyouOK?M:Actually,Iwasridingmybike.Abuspulledoutinfrontofme.W:Ohmydear!It’sagoodthinghestoppedintime.M:Yes,fortunatelyhedid,butIfelloffmybikeinshockandhurtmyankle.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。6.Whatdoesthewomanadvisetheboytodo?A.Havearestathome.B.Gotothenearestclinic.C.Callthedoctorrightaway.7.Whydoestheboyrefusetoseethedoctortoday?A.Hedislikesseeingdoctors.B.Hewantstotakethetest.C.Hedidn’tmaketheappointment.【答案】6.A7.B【原文】M:Mum,Idon’tfeeltoowelltoday.W:Oh,dear.Tellmewhatiswrong.M:Ihaveadrythroatandmyheadhurts.W:Youmusthaveacold.Yourheadfeelshot.Ithinkyouhadbetterstayhomefromschooltoday,andIwillmakeanappointmentwithDrWhite.Hisclinicisnearourhome.M:Oh,no!I’mafraidIhavenotimetoseethedoctor.Ihaveanimportanttesttoday.Ican’tmissit,Mum.AndtomorrowisSaturday.Ipromisetogotomorrow.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。8.What’stheman’smajor?A.French. B.Chinese. C.English.9.Whichisarequirementforthisjob?A.Studyingabroad.B.Workingwithchildren.C.Workinginatrainingcenter.10.Whenwillthemanbeoffwork?A.OnMondays. B.OnSaturdays. C.OnSundays.【答案】8.C9.B10.A【原文】M:Hi,I’mAlbert.Ireadinthenewspaperthatyou’relookingforalanguageassistant.W:Yes,weare.What’syourmajor?M:I’mstudyingEnglishandI’llgraduatenextsummer.W:OK.Haveyoueverworkedwithchildrenbefore?M:Yes.Ionceworkedpart-timeinalanguagetrainingcenter.Iloveworkingwithchildren.W:Good.Ifyoudecidetotakethejob,I’llexplainwhattodo.M:HowmanyhourswouldIwork?W:12hoursaweek.From4pmto6pm,TuesdaythroughSunday.M:OK,I’lltakethejob.W:Fine.Pleasefilloutthisform.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。11.Whatdoesthebandcareabout?A.Theschool. B.Theenvironment. C.Thesociety.12.Whoplaysthekeyboardintheband?A.Lucy. B.Alice. C.Ivan.13.What’sthewoman’sattitudetojoiningtheband?A.Positive. B.Uncertain. C.Indifferent.【答案】11.B12.C13.A【原文】W:Ihearyou’restartingaband,Ben.M:That’sright.TheGreenGuards—that’sourname.W:Howdidyouchoosethatname?M:Well,itwasIvan’ssisterAlicewhocameupwithit.Shesaidweshouldchoosesomethingenvironmentaltoshowthatwecareabouttheenvironment.Andwearegoingtowritesomesongsabouttheenvironment.W:IguessyousingandIvanplaystheguitar.M:No,Ivanisn’tplayingtheguitaranymore.Heprefersthekeyboard.W:Whoelseisintheband?M:ThereisLucyandshe’sreallycool.Butwedidn’thaveaviolinist.Isupposeifweknowsomeonewhoplaystheviolin,wewillbeinterested.Doyouknowsomeone?W:Yes,me!Ihavebeenplayingtheviolinforhalfayear.M:OK.Comealongtoournextpractice.It’safterschoolonWednesdayinthemusicroom.W:Cool!I’llbethere.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。14.WhatkindofpersonisSusan?A.Shy. B.Unfriendly. C.Outgoing.15.HowisAnnagettingalongwithSusan?A.Justokay. B.Ratherbadly. C.Verywell.16.Whatdoesthemanplantodo?A.PlaywithAnna.B.MakeSusanfeelproud.C.TrytogetonwithSusan.【答案】14.A15.C16.C【原文】M:Anna,doyouknowSusan?W:Yeah,Iknowher.Wehadafewclassestogetherlastterm.Whydoyouask?M:Idon’tthinkshelikesme.Sheseemskindofproud.Shenevertalkstome.W:Oh,I’msureshelikesyou.Iusedtothinkshedidn’tlikeme,too.M:Really?W:Yeah.Ithoughtshewasunfriendly,butitturnsoutthatsheisactuallyjustnotoutgoing.Sheisonthequietside,butsheisveryhumorous.M:Sowhatyou’resayingisthatyoureallylikeher.W:Yeah,Ido.Onceshefeltcomfortablewithme,sheopenedup.Wegetalonggreatnow.M:That’sgoodtoknow.I’lltryalittlehardertotalktoher.W:It’sgreat.I’msureyouwillbegoodfriends.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。17.Howlongwilltheexhibitionbeheld?A.Abouthalfamonth.B.Aboutonemonth.C.Abouttwomonths.18.Whatwillbeondisplayintheexhibition?A.Footballs. B.Clothes. C.Oilpaintings.19.WhatisLowry?A.Astudent. B.Anartist. C.Aticketseller.20.Whatisamustforastudenttobuytheticket?A.Astudentcard. B.Atelephone. C.Somerecentworks.【答案】17.B18.C19.B20.A【原文】M:Hello,everyone.Goodnewsforourstudentswhoareinterestedinarts.There’sanexhibitionfromNovember15toDecember16,9amto7pm,butitclosesonMondaysduringthetime.Some30oilpaintingsonpaperbyBritishartist,L.S.Lowry,willbeondisplayattheartbuildingofourcollege.It’sthefirst-everexhibitionoftheartist’sworksinourcollege.LowryisoneofBritain’smostfamousartists,andisacloseobserveroftheUK’ssociallife.Hisworksmainlyshowordinarypeopleonstreets,infactories,parksandfootballfields.IthasbeensaidthatthepicturesdrawnbyLowryarefilledwithanatmosphereofsadnessandloneliness,butalsowithrespectandasenseofhumor.Theadmissionisfree,butyouhavetogetaticketwithyourstudentcardatthefrontdeskoftheartbuilding.Ifyouforgettogetit,youcan’tgointoit.Pleasecall025-8349-8693fordetails.Thankyou.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AHereareagroupofeverydaypeoplewhosawproblems,andnowtheirsolutionsaremakingtheworldabetterplace.RonDavisAlvarezRonDavisAlvarez,aproductofVenezuela’sElSistema,aprogramofferingfreeclassicalmusictrainingtodisadvantagedchildren,foundedtheDreamOrchestrainSweden.Thisorchestrabringstogetherover400peoplefrommorethan25nationalities,rangingfrom3to56yearsold,includingimmigrants,refugees,second-generationimmigrants,andnativeSwedes.Alvarez’sinitiativeusesmusicasatoolforintegration,friendship,self-expression,andrebuildingself-esteemamongrefugees.PaytonMcGriffPaytonMcGriff,duringhersenioryearattheUniversityofIdaho,foundedStyleHerEmpowered(SHE)afterrealizingthescoringcostofschooluniformsformanygirlsinTogo.SHEbeganbyhiringlocalseamstressestomakeuniformsfor65girlsandevolvedtocreatea“growing”uniformthatadjuststofitagirlforuptothreeyears.Today,SHEsupports1,500girlsannuallywithfreeuniforms,schoolfees,supplies,tutoring,andmore,whilealsoprovidingemploymentandeducationopportunitiesforthewomeninvolved.RachelRutterImmigrationlawyerRachelRutterrecognizedthemultifacetedneedsofunaccompaniedmigrantchildren,beyondlegalstatus,includingstablehousing,meals,andmentalhealthsupport.Inresponse,sheestablishedProjectLibertad,whichoffersfreelegalrepresentation,essentialservices,andnewcomersupportprogramstoimmigrantyouth.YamiléeToussaintYamiléeToussaintcombinedherloveformathanddancetocreateSTEM(Science,Technology,Engineering,andMathematics)FromDance,anonprofitthatintegratesdancewithSTEMeducationtoengagegirlsofcolor.Recognizingtheunderrepresentationofblackwomeninherengineeringfield,ToussaintaimedtoinspiregirlsofcolorinSTEM.TheprogramoperatesinnineUScities,offeringfreeschoolandsummerprogramsthatblenddanceroutineswithSTEMelements,benefitingover2,000girlstodate.21.WhomaybenefitmostfromDreamOrchestra?A.Famousmusicians.B.ImmigrantstoSweden.C.Disadvantagedchildren.D.Classicalmusiccomposers.22.WhatdidSHEinitiallydoinTogo?A.Itoffereduniformsforgirls.B.Itfundeduniformsandfees.C.Itdesignedteachingmethods.D.Itprovidedhousingandmeals.23.Whocombinesacademiclearningwiththearts?A.RonDavisAlvarez.B.PaytonMcGriff.C.RachelRutter.D.YamiléeToussaint.【答案】21.B22.A23.D【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四位普通人的创新努力及其对社会的积极影响。【21题详析】推理判断题。根据RonDavisAlvarez部分中“RonDavisAlvarez,aproductofVenezuela’sElSistema,aprogramofferingfreeclassicalmusictrainingtodisadvantagedchildren,foundedtheDreamOrchestrainSweden.Thisorchestrabringstogetherover400peoplefrommorethan25nationalities,rangingfrom3to56yearsold,includingimmigrants,refugees,second-generationimmigrants,andnativeSwedes.(RonDavisAlvarez是委内瑞拉ElSistema项目的受益者，该项目为弱势儿童提供免费的古典音乐培训。他在瑞典创立了DreamOrchestra。这个乐团汇集了来自25多个国家的400多人，年龄从3岁到56岁不等，包括移民、难民、第二代移民和瑞典本地人。)”可知，移民到瑞典的人可能从DreamOrchestra中受益。故选B。【22题详析】细节理解题。根据PaytonMcGriff部分中“PaytonMcGriff,duringhersenioryearattheUniversityofIdaho,foundedStyleHerEmpowered(SHE)afterrealizingthescoringcostofschooluniformsformanygirlsinTogo.SHEbeganbyhiringlocalseamstressestomakeuniformsfor65girlsandevolvedtocreatea“growing”uniformthatadjuststofitagirlforuptothreeyears.(PaytonMcGriff在爱达荷大学读大四时，意识到多哥许多女孩承担不起昂贵的校服费用，于是创立了StyleHerEmpowered(简称SHE)。SHE最初聘请当地裁缝为65名女孩制作校服，后来发展出一种“可调节”的校服，这种校服可以调整尺寸，适合女孩穿三年。)”可知，SHE在成立之初为多哥的女生制作校服。故选A。【23题详析】细节理解题。根据YamiléeToussaint部分中“YamiléeToussaintcombinedherloveformathanddancetocreateSTEM(Science,Technology,Engineering,andMathematics)FromDance,anonprofitthatintegratesdancewithSTEMeducationtoengagegirlsofcolor.(YamiléeToussaint将她对数学和舞蹈的热爱结合起来，创建了STEMFromDance非营利组织，该组织将舞蹈与STEM教育相结合，吸引有色人种女孩参与。)”可知，YamiléeToussaint将学术学习与艺术融为一体。故选D。BFromScotlandtoCornwall,anorganic,regenerativecollectiveoftheUKfarmersislookingtopairupwithsustainablebusinessesthatneedaccesstolandandtools.PitchUp!wasfoundedin2021byTimMay,ofKingsclereEstatesfarminHampshire.Itoffersland,resourcesandexpertisetobusinesseswithbigideasforsustainableprojects—inotherwords,“nogear(设备),alltheideas”.Theideaistoreplicatenature’s“closedloop”system,withwastebeingreusedtocreateathrivingcircularfarmingcommunity.“Ourgoalistohaveadiversemixofenterprisesalloperatingofftheland—usingeachother’sby-productsorwaste,andsharingknowledge,equipmentandexperience,”saysMay.“Naturethrivesondiversity;italsofuelseconomicresilience,helpscreateaclosed-loopsystem,andbuildsstrongerruralcommunities.Asfarmers,wehaveanabundanceoflandandnaturalresources,andwewanttosharethoseresourcesandbringmorepeopleontotheland.”PitchUp!hasalreadyhelpedtolaunchahandfulofbusinesses.BalcaskieEstatecovers2,000hectaresoflandinFife,Scotland,andhashostedmarkets,abutchery,andpopupsbyScotlandTheBread,anorganisationthatworkstogetmorepeopleeatingbetterbread.RosieJack,Balcaskie’sbusinessdevelopmentmanager,says,“Weknowthatthere’sarealdemandforrurallandsoourmessageis,‘Wehaveland,comeanduseit!’Wereallydowelcomeapproachesfrombusinessesofallshapesandsizes.”Thisyear,thePitchUp!farmingcollectiveiskeentohearfromentrepreneurswhowanttousepastureland,organicmilk,oatsandgrain,animalhides,woad,woolandevenhedgerowsforforaging.“Wearelookingforsustainablebusinessesatallstagesofthebusinesslifecycle,butparticularlythosethathaveanideaofhowtheycanfitintothecircularsystemsinplaceataPitchUp!farm,”saysMay.“Itmightbeacheesemakerforexample,whocanaddvaluebyusingtheorganicmilkfromthemobiledairybusinesshere.”24.WhatdoesPitchUp!offertosustainablebusinesses?A.Organicfood. B.Farmingresources.C.Moneyandstaff. D.Toolsandworkers.25.What’sMay’svisionforPitchUp!?A.Asinglebigcompany.B.Morelandforfarming.C.Onlyeco-friendlyfarms.D.Variousbusinessesworkingtogether.26.WhywasBalcaskieEstatementionedinthetext?A.Forsellingland.B.Duetoprogramfailure.C.Forbreadpromotion.D.AsasuccessfulcaseofPitchUp!27.WhatdoesMaywanttoconveyinthelastparagraph?A.Cooperationexpectation.B.Theimportanceofcircularsystems.C.Ademandforacheesemaker.D.ValueofPitchUp!【答案】24.B25.D26.D27.A【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国一个名为PitchUp!的有机再生农业集体，它为可持续发展企业提供土地等资源，旨在打造多元化合作的循环农业社区，并已取得一定成果。【24题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“FromScotlandtoCornwall,anorganic,regenerativecollectiveoftheUKfarmersislookingtopairupwithsustainablebusinessesthatneedaccesstolandandtools.PitchUp!wasfoundedin2021byTimMay,ofKingsclereEstatesfarminHampshire.Itoffersland,resourcesandexpertisetobusinesseswithbigideasforsustainableprojects—inotherwords,‘nogear,alltheideas’.(从苏格兰到康沃尔，一个由英国农民组成的有机、可再生的集体正在寻求与需要土地和工具的可持续企业合作。PitchUp!由汉普郡kingsereEstates农场的蒂姆·梅于2021年创立。它为那些对可持续项目有宏大想法的企业提供土地、资源和专业知识——换句话说，‘没有设备，只有想法’)”可知，PitchUp!为可持续发展企业提供农业资源。故选B项。【25题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中May的话“Ourgoalistohaveadiversemixofenterprisesalloperatingofftheland—usingeachother’sbyproductsorwaste,andsharingknowledge,equipmentandexperience(我们的目标是让各种各样的企业都在这片土地上运营——利用彼此的副产品或废弃物，分享知识、设备和经验)”可知，May对PitchUp!的愿景是让各种企业共同合作。故选D项。【26题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“PitchUp!hasalreadyhelpedtolaunchahandfulofbusinesses.BalcaskieEstatecovers2,hectaresoflandinFife,Scotland,andhashostedmarkets,abutchery,andpopupsbyScotlandTheBread,anorganisationthatworkstogetmorepeopleeatingbetterbread.(PitchUp!已经帮助创办了一些企业。BalcaskieEstate位于苏格兰法夫郡，占地2公顷，这里举办过市场活动、有一家肉铺，还有致力于让更多人吃上优质面包的组织ScotlandTheBread举办的快闪活动)”可知，提到BalcaskieEstate是作为PitchUp!成功帮助企业发展的一个案例。故选D项。【27题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中May的话“Wearelookingforsustainablebusinessesatallstagesofthebusinesslifecycle,butparticularlythosethathaveanideaofhowtheycanfitintothecircularsystemsinplaceataPitchUp!farm(我们正在寻找处于企业生命周期各个阶段的可持续发展企业，特别是那些知道如何融入PitchUp!农场现有循环系统的企业)”可推知，May在传达对合作的期待。故选A项。CScientistshavefoundatrigger(诱因)forsociallearninginwildanimals.Anexperimentongreattits(大山雀)haspinpointedasinglefactor—immigration—thatcancausebirdstopaycloseattentiontoothers,leadingthemtorapidlyadoptusefulbehaviors.Thestudy,conductedbyscientistsfromtheMaxPlanckInstituteofAnimalBehavior(MPI-AB)inGermany,isthefirsttoprovideexperimentalsupportofalong-heldassumptionthatimmigrantsshouldstrategicallyusesociallearning.Bycopyingthebehaviorsofothers,animalscanpotentiallyunlockresources.SoChimento,apostdoctoralresearcherattheMPI-AB,wantedtoknowiftherewasaningredientthatwouldboostsociallearning,allowinganimalstomoreefficientlyrealizeitsrewards.Usinganautomatedpuzzleboxsystemtheydeveloped,theteamdesignedanexperimenttotestthisimmigrationhypothesis.Theycreatedexperimentalsocialgroupsofwild-caughtgreattits.Eachgroupwasprovidedwitha“tutor”whichwastrainedtoaccessfoodfromapuzzleboxbyeitherpushingthedoorleftorright,sothattheirflockmateslearnedtopreferusingonesolutionoveranother.Nextcametheimmigrationevent.Right-pushingbirdsweretransferredintoaviarieswhereresidentbirdswereusingtheleft-handsolution,andviceversa(反之亦然).Notonlydidimmigrantsseethatresidentswereopeningthepuzzleboxinanewway,butinsomegroups,thenewcomersalsodiscoveredthatresidentsscoredasuperiorrewardbydoingso.What’simportantisthattheimmigrantswereblindtothefactthatthefoodrewardhadchanged.Immigrantscouldonlyknowsomethingchangedbyeitherwatchingtheresidentsusethepuzzle,orbytryingtheothersidethemselves.“Innature,animalsareoftenmovingfromoneenvironmenttoanother,soit’shelpfultohaveastrategytoremovebadbehaviorsandlearngoodbehaviorstouseinthenewplace.Ourstudyprovidedtheexperimentalevidencetoshowthatthisisalsowhathappensinreallife,”Chimentosaid.28.Whichofthefollowingmightmakegreattitscopyothers?A.Findingshelters. B.Movingplaces.C.Losingdirection. D.Makingfriends.29.Whatisthe“tutor”’sroleintheexperiment?A.Toprovidefood. B.Toassessbehaviors.C.Tomodelabehavior. D.Tomeasureintelligence.30.Whatdidtheexperimentrevealabouttheimmigrants?A.Theyignoredtheresidents’methods.B.Theyknewtherewardchangeinadvance.C.Theyobservedboththemethodandrewards.D.Theywereindifferenttotheresidents’behaviors.31.Howcansociallearningbenefitimmigrants?A.Byavoidinghuntersinthenewarea.B.Byfindingmorefoodandwaterresources.C.Byincreasingcompetitionwithotheranimals.D.Byhelpingthemadaptmorequicklytonewenvironments.【答案】28.B29.C30.C31.D【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了通过实验发现，大山雀在移民到新环境时会通过观察和模仿当地鸟类行为，快速学习并适应新环境中的有效觅食策略，这为动物社会学习理论提供了实验证据。【28题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Anexperimentongreattits(大山雀)haspinpointedasinglefactor—immigration—thatcancausebirdstopaycloseattentiontoothers,leadingthemtorapidlyadoptusefulbehaviors.(对大山雀进行的一项实验准确地指出了一个单一因素——移民——这一因素能让鸟类更加关注其他个体，从而迅速采用有用的行为)”可知，迁移可以让鸟类密切关注其他鸟类，从而让它们迅速采取有用的行动，即模仿其他鸟类的行为，也就是说大山雀会因为迁徙这一因素而去模仿其他鸟类。故选B。【29题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Theycreatedexperimentalsocialgroupsofwild-caughtgreattits.Eachgroupwasprovidedwitha“tutor”whichwastrainedtoaccessfoodfromapuzzleboxbyeitherpushingthedoorleftorright,sothattheirflockmateslearnedtopreferusingonesolutionoveranother.(他们创建了由野生捕获的大山雀组成的实验性社交小组。每个小组都配备了一位“导师”，这些导师被训练通过向左或向右推门来从谜箱中获取食物，从而使它们的群体伙伴学会更倾向于使用某一种解决方案)”可知，“导师”是经过训练以特定方式打开谜箱获取食物的鸟，目的是让它们的群体伙伴学习并偏好使用某一种解决方案，由此可知，“导师”的角色是示范行为。故选C。【30题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Notonlydidimmigrantsseethatresidentswereopeningthepuzzleboxinanewway,butinsomegroups,thenewcomersalsodiscoveredthatresidentsscoredasuperiorrewardbydoingso.(迁移过来的大山雀不仅看到大鸟笼里的大山雀用新的方式打开谜盒，而且在一些小组中，迁移过来的大山雀还发现大鸟笼里的大山雀这样做会获得更高的奖励)”可知，这些迁移过来的大山雀观察到的既有打开谜盒的方法又有打开谜盒的奖励。故选C。【31题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段““Innature,animalsareoftenmovingfromoneenvironmenttoanother,soit’shelpfultohaveastrategytoremovebadbehaviorsandlearngoodbehaviorstouseinthenewplace.Ourstudyprovidedtheexperimentalevidencetoshowthatthisisalsowhathappensinreallife,”Chimentosaid.(“在自然界中，动物经常从一个环境迁移到另一个环境，因此有一套策略来摒弃不良行为并学习可以在新环境中使用的好行为是非常有帮助的。我们的研究提供了实验证据，表明这实际上也是现实生活中发生的情况，”Chimento说道)”可知，社会学习可以帮助新来的动物更快地适应新环境，去除不良行为并学习好的行为，即社会学习有利于迁移者更快地适应新环境。故选D。DMoretimespentsitting,recliningorlyingdownduringthedaymayincreasetheriskofcardiovascular(心血管的)disease(CVD)anddeath,accordingtoastudyintheJournaloftheAmericanCollegeofCardiology.Morethanroughly10-and-a-halfhoursofsedentary(久坐的)behaviorperdaywassignificantlylinkedwithfutureheartfailure(HF)andCVDdeath,evenamongpeoplemeetingrecommendedlevelsofexercise.“Ourfindingssupportcuttingbackonsedentarytimetoreducecardiovascularrisk,with10.5hoursadaymarkingapotentiallykeythresholdtiedtohigherheartfailureandcardiovascularmortality,”saidShaanKhurshid,MD,MPH,acardiologistattheMassachusettsGeneralHospital.“Toomuchsittingorlyingdowncanbeharmfulforhearthealth,evenforthosewhoareactive.”ThisstudyexaminedtheamountofsedentarytimeatwhichCVDriskisgreatestandexploredhowsedentarybehaviorandphysicalactivitytogetherimpactthechancesofatrialfibrillation(心房颤动)(AF),HF,myocardialinfarction(心肌梗死)(MI)andCVDdeath.Amongthe89,530studyparticipantsoftheUKBiobank,participantssubmitteddatafromawrist-worntriaxialaccelerometerthatcapturedmovementoversevendays.Theaveragesedentarytimeperdaywas9.4hours.Afteranaveragefollow-upofeightyears,3,638individualsdevelopedincidentAF;1,854developedincidentHF;1,610developedindecentMI;846diedofCVDcauses.Forstudyparticipantswhomettherecommended150minutesofmoderate-to-vigorousphysicalactivityormore,theeffectsofsedentarybehavioronAFandMIrisksweresubstantiallyreduced,buteffectsonhigherriskofHFandCVDmortalityremainedprominent.“Thisstudyaddstothegrowingevidenceofastronglinkbetweensedentarybehaviorandcardiovascularhealth,”saidKhurshid.“Thefindingsstronglysuggestthatweneedtogetpeoplemovingtopromotebetterhealth.Futureguidelinesandpublichealtheffortsshouldstresstheimportanceofcuttingdownonsedentarytime.Avoidingmorethan10.6hoursperdaymaybearealisticminimaltargetforbetterhearthealth.”32.Whatriskdoesthestudymentionforthosewhositmore?A.Obesity. B.Recognitionloss.C.Heartproblems. D.Physicaldisability.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“threshold”meaninparagraph2?A.Dimension. B.Limitation.C.Reputation. D.Discipline.34.WhatdoesKhurshidthinkofthecurrentguidelines?A.Theyneedimproving.B.Theyareofnomeaning.C.Theystressphysicalactivity.D.Theycutdownsedentarytime.35.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ActiveLifestylesProtectAgainstSedentaryRisksB.SedentaryBehaviorsUnder10.5HoursAreSafeforHeartC.ExerciseAloneFailstoFightAgainstHeartDiseaseRisksD.SedentaryLifestylesThreatenHeartHealthDespiteExercise【答案】32.C33.B34.A35.D【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究，研究表明每天久坐超过大约10.5小时会显著增加患心血管疾病和死亡的风险，即使有运动习惯也不能完全抵消这一影响。【32题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Moretimespentsitting,recliningorlyingdownduringthedaymayincreasetheriskofcardiovascular(心血管的)disease(CVD)anddeath,accordingtoastudyintheJournaloftheAmericanCollegeofCardiology.Morethanroughly10-and-a-halfhoursofsedentary(久坐的)behaviorperdaywassignificantlylinkedwithfutureheartfailure(HF)andCVDdeath,evenamongpeoplemeetingrecommendedlevelsofexercise.(根据《美国心脏病学会杂志》上的一项研究，白天花费更多时间坐着、躺着或倚靠可能会增加患心血管疾病（CVD）和死亡的风险。即使达到建议的运动量，每天久坐行为超过大约10个半小时也与未来心力衰竭（HF）和心血管死亡风险显著增加有关。)”可知，人们坐得久了会有心脏方面的问题。故选C。【33题详析】词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Ourfindingssupportcuttingbackonsedentarytimetoreducecardiovascularrisk,with10.5hoursadaymarkingapotentiallykeythresholdtiedtohigherheartfailureandcardiovascularmortality(我们的研究结果表明，减少久坐时间可以降低心血管风险，每天久坐10.5小时是一个可能的关键threshold，与心力衰竭和心血管死亡率升高有关。久坐或久躺对心脏健康有害，即使对于那些活跃的人来说也是如此。)”可知，每天10.5小时是一个潜在的关键阈值，久坐超过这个时间限度会导致出现心力衰竭和死于心血管疾病的风险上升。因此，10.5小时是一个界限，threshold的意思是“界限，限度”，与选项B“Limitation(限度)”意思相符。故选B。【34题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Thefindingsstronglysuggestthatweneedtogetpeoplemovingtopromotebetterhealth.Futureguidelinesandpublichealtheffortsshouldstresstheimportanceofcuttingdownonsedentarytime.Avoidingmorethan10.6hoursperdaymaybearealisticminimaltargetforbetterhearthealth.(研究结果强烈表明，我们需要让人们动起来以促进更好的健康。未来的指南和公共卫生工作应强调减少久坐时间的重要性。为了避免对心脏健康产生不良影响，每天久坐时间不超过10.6小时可能是一个切实可行的最低目标。)”可知，Khurshid认为未来的指导准则和公共卫生工作应强调减少久坐时间的重要性。这意味着当前的指导准则需要改进。故选A。【35题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“Moretimespentsitting,recliningorlyingdownduringthedaymayincreasetheriskofcardiovascular(心血管的)disease(CVD)anddeath,accordingtoastudyintheJournaloftheAmericanCollegeofCardiology.Morethanroughly10-and-a-halfhoursofsedentary(久坐的)behaviorperdaywassignificantlylinkedwithfutureheartfailure(HF)andCVDdeath,evenamongpeoplemeetingrecommendedlevelsofexercise.(根据《美国心脏病学会杂志》上的一项研究，白天花费更多时间坐着、躺着或倚靠可能会增加患心血管疾病（CVD）和死亡的风险。即使达到建议的运动量，每天久坐行为超过大约10个半小时也与未来心力衰竭（HF）和心血管死亡风险显著增加有关。)”可知，文章主要介绍了一项研究，研究表明每天久坐超过大约10.5小时会显著增加患心血管疾病和死亡的风险，即使有运动习惯也不能完全抵消这一影响。选项D“SedentaryLifestylesThreatenHeartHealthDespiteExercise(久坐的生活方式即使加上运动也对心脏健康构成威胁)”符合题意。故选D。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Nutritioniscomplexinnature,andthiscomplexityisoftenusedtopromoteideasthatsimplyaren’ttrue.Unqualifiedadvicecanbeharmfulandfilledwithmisinformation—especiallyonsocialmedia.____36____.Myth1:SkippingmealswillhelpyouloseweightquickerActually,theoppositemaybetrue.Whenyouskipmeals,yourbodyenters“fastingmode”whichcanslowdownyourmetabolism(新陈代谢)toconserveenergy.____37____,makingiteasiertostoreenergyasfat,ratherthanburningit.Tosupportweightloss,it’sbettertoeatthreetofoursmallandbalancedmealsaday.Myth2:Youneedtoeatproteinimmediatelyafteraworkout____38____.Ifyou’reexercisinghard,youmayneedtoincreaseyouroverallfoodintaketomeetyouradditionalenergyrequirements(ifyou’renotlookingtoloseweight,ofcourse).Researchshowsthatthebesttimeformusclerepairandnutrientabsorptioncanlastforuptosixhourspost-exercise.Ifyoufocusonproperrecoveryinsteadoffoodintake,you’llbouncebackfasterandbeabletotrainharderinyournextsession.Myth3:____39____Eatinglateatnightwon’tautomaticallyleadtoweightgain,whichdependsonyouroverallcaloriebalance.However,it’snotagoodideatoeattoomuchbeforebedbecauseyourdigestionmaystruggleifyouliedownwithafullstomach.Besides,ourmetabolicrateistypicallyfasterinthemorningandslowerintheevening.Ideally,it’srecommendedthatwespreadfoodintakethroughouttheday.____40____.Keepinmindthatthebestdietistheonethatpromotesvarietyinnutrients,addsenjoyment,andcaneasilybesustained.A.Don’teattoomuchatnightB.EatingbeforebedwillmakeyougainweightC.YouneedtoburnmorecaloriestoprocessitD.Aslowermetabolismmeansthatyou’renotburningenergyefficientlyE.Contrarytooldbeliefs,youdon’tneedtotakeinproteinrightafterexercisingF.Readontosortfactfrom