2025届新高三英语开学摸底考试卷（新高考八省解析版）

2025届新高三开学摸底考试卷（新高考九省通用）

英语

注意事项：

1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮

擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）

第一节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听

完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

1.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?

A.Keepingapet.

B.Takingcareofkids.

C.Developingahealthylifestyle.

【答案】A

【原文】M:Whendidyougetthispet?Ifssocute,althoughitmustbehardtotakecareofandfeedit.

W:Notreally,sinceittakescareofitself.IfsnotlikeIhavetowalkit.Ijustgiveitsomefoodandwatereveryday.

2.Whoisthemanprobablytalkingto?

A.Ashopassistant.B.Hiswife.C.Hisco-worker.

【答案】C

【原文】M:Yourgoldnecklaceissonice.Iwanttobuyoneformywife.

W:Thanks.Ithinkitcanholditsvaluewell.Iboughtit...

M:Shush!Mr.Longmaniscomingtowardsuswiththemeetingpapers.

3.Whendidthewomandiscoverherglasseswereathome?

A.Whenshedrankcoffee.

B.Whensheintendedtoreadabook.

试卷第1页，共24页

C.Whenshewasattendingameeting.

【答案】B

【原文】M:Hey,lookwhereyou,regoing.Idon'twantcofleeonmyshirtbeforethebigmeeting.

W:Sorry,Joe.Ileftmyglassesathome.ItookoutmybookonthesubwayandrealizedIhadn'tbroughtthem.

4.Whyisthemansmiling?

A.Hehaswonalotofmoney.

B.Hisapplicationhasbeenaccepted.

C.Hehasbeeninvitedtoeatatarestaurant.

【答案】B

【原文】W:Thafsabigsmile.Youlooklikeyou'vewonalotofmoney.

M:Betterthanthat.Iappliedtothecountry'stopuniversity-andtheysaidyes.

W:Welldone.Lefsbookatableatarestauranttocelebrate.

5.Wherearethespeakers?

A.Inahospital.B.Inagrocerystore.C.Inarestaurant.

【答案】B

【原文】W:Ifyoudon*tneedanythingelse,wewillgotothecheckoutthere,Honey.

M:Hmm,Istillwantsomeoranges.Theylooksofresh.

W:Sure,theweatherisdrythesedays.Yourdadoftencoughsinthemorning.Orangesmaybehelpful.

第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出

最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟

的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

6.Whatdoesthewomanwanttochange?

A.Thetimeofthemeeting.

B.Thesubjectofthemeeting.

C.Thelocationofthemeeting.

7.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Classmates.B.Bossandemployee.C.Teacherandstudent.

【答案】6.A7.C

试卷第2页，共24页

【原文】W:Oh,Philip,weweresupposedtomeetearlierthismorningtodiscussyourschoolwork,weren'twe?

M:Yes,thafsright.

W:PmsorryIcouldn'tbeatmyoffice.Ihadtosortoutaprobleminacanteen.Couldwemeetthisafternoon?

M:Idon'tthinkIcan.Ihavedoublephysicsandthenmathsthisafternoon.

W:Okay,howaboutlunchtime?

M:Thafsfine.

W:Itwon*ttakelong.Ijustwanttogothroughyourprogresssofar.Idon*tthinkthereareanyproblemswithyour

work,arethere?

M:No,everything*sfineasfaras'mconcerned.

W:Well,stillcomealongtomyofficewhenyou*reready.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

8.Whatwasthewomandoingwhensheheardanoise?

A.Shewasdoingthedishes.

B.Shewaspolishingthetable.

C.Shewascleaningthelivingroom.

9.Whomaythemanspeakerbe?

A.Apoliceofficer.B.Thewoman'shusband.C.Thewoman'sneighbor.

10.Whendoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?

A.Intheearlymorning.B.Aroundnoon.C.Intheevening.

【答案】8.B9.A10.B

【原文】M:Canyoutellmewhathappenedtothismorning,MrsJones?

W:Well,twohoursago,thatwasaroundteno5clockinthemorningwhenIwasdoingthedishes,thensoonafter

that,Iwaspolishingthetable.IthoughtIheardanoise,butIwasreallyconcentratingonthepolishing,soIdidn't

takemuchnotice.

M:Whathappenednext?

W:Iwascleaningthelivingroomaroundtenfifteen.WhenIheardsomeoneupstairs,itsoundedliketheywere

lookingforsomethinginmycupboard.Abouttwominuteslater,someonerandownthestairs.Irantothewindow.

Amanwasgettingintoacar,thenhewasdrivingaway.

M:Whattimewasthis,MrsJones?

W:Tentwenty,thenIcallthepolice.

试卷第3页，共24页

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

11.Whathappenedattheman'sdinnerwithhishostfamily?

A.Heforgottointroducehimself.

B.Hecalledthehostbythewrongname.

C.Hewhisperedtosomeone.

12.Howdidthemandealwiththesituation?

A.Heapologizedforhisbehavior.

B.Hesaidnothingaboutit.

C.Hemadeajokeofhimself.

13.Howdoesthewomansoundintheend?

A.Helpful.B.Embarrassed.C.Grateful.

【答案】11.B12.C13.A

【原文】W:Hi,Jason.Howwasthefirstdinnerwithyourhostfamily?

M:Itwasgreat.ButIreallyembarrassedmyself.

W:Really?Whathappened?

M:Icouldn'timagineIgotthehosfsnamewrong.WhenIgotthere,heintroducedhisfamily.Butattheendofthe

dinner,Isaid“Thankyouforyourinvitation,Wilson.^^Thensomeonewhispered“HisnameisJames,notWilson."

W:Oh,thafsterrible.Howdidyoudealwithit?

M:Ievenforgottomakeanapology.Ijustmadeajokeofmyself.

W:Ifsbetterthansayingnothing,right?

M:Yes,butcanyoutellmesometablemanners?IhopeIcangetusedtothelifehereassoonaspossible.

W:Don'tworry.Icanhelpyou.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

14.WhyisShakespeare-stylewritingmentionedintheconversation?

A.Tointroduceanewgame.

B.Toadvocateafamouswritingstyle.

C.ToindicateChatGPT'sadvancedfunction.

15.WhatisBard?

A.AchatbotB.Asearchengine.C.Atechcompany

16.WhatisSatyaNadella'sattitudetowardsChatGPT?

试卷第4页，共24页

A.Conservative.B.Optimistic.C.Critical.

17.WhatdoesthemansuggestdoingintheeraofAI?

A.AvoidingheavyrelianceonAL

B.Developingourinnovativeability.

C.BeingadaptiveandusingAIfully.

【答案】14.C15.A16.B17.C

【原文】M:Sarah,haveyouheardaboutChatGPT?Itcanansweralmosteverythingwithperfectgrammar!

W:Yes.IsitthechatbotwhereyoucanevenrequestaShakespeare-stylewrite-upaboutamovie?

M:Exactly!Manypeoplesayifsagamechangerforonlineinteractions.Butthere'smore——Googlelaunchedits

ownchatbot,Bard,rightafterChatGPTsrelease.

W:Wow,technologyisevolvingsoquickly.ButFvereadconcernsaboutthesechatbotsfromsomeeducatorssince

botscanprovidegrade-Aessaysinnotime.

M:It'sdefinitelyamatterofconcern.Studentscouldeasilygetpre-madeanswersinanageofrapidtechnological

advance.ButwhenChatGPTwasintegratedintoBing,MicrosofifsCEOSatyaNadellacommented,"'Ifsanewday

insearch.9,AsGooglementioned,AIcanhelpdeepenourunderstandingandefficientlychangeinformationinto

usefulknowledge.Itisnottoreplaceusbuttomakeinformationmoreaccessible.

W:Ihopetheseadvancementsareforthebetter.

M:It'sanever-changinglandscape.Wejustneedtoadaptandmakethemostoftheseinnovations.

听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。

18.Whatdidthetwomenplantodo?

A.Attendasailingrace.

B•Travelbetweentwoislands.

C.Getawayfromtheircountry.

19.Howdidthetwomenfeelabouttheadventure?

A.Relieved.B.Optimistic.C.Upset.

20.Howwerethetwomenrescued?

A.Theywerefoundbyapassingboat.

B.Theyboatedtothenearestshore.

C.Theyfoundafloatingdevice.

【答案】18.B19.B20.A

试卷第5页，共24页

【原文】

M:Wespendhoursdreamingofgettingawayfromitall.TwomenfromtheSolomonIslandsaccidentallydid

that.Theyspent29daysawayfromthefiercecompetitionaftergettinglostatsea.Theysetofffromanislandon

September3rdinasmallmotorboattotravel200kmtoanotherisland.Itwasatriptheyhadtakenseveraltimes

before.Soonaftertheysetout,astormmesseduptheirnavigationsystem.Theylosttheirabilitytofindtheir

locationatsea.Thestormblewthemoffcourse.Theyendedup400kmaway,offthecoastofPapuaNewGuinea.

Thetwomenwerepositiveabouttheirunplannedadventure.Ratherthanbeupset,theysaidtheyenjoyedit.One

mansaid,“Wedidn'tknowwherewewerebutdidnotexpecttobeinanothercountry.9,Theysurvivedbyeating

orangestheyhadboughtfortheirjourneyandfruitfloatinginthesea.Afishermanspottedtheirboatandtheywere

rescued.Themansaid,“Ilookforwardtogoingbackhome,butIguessitwasanicebreakfromeverything.

第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

Thesepopularchildren'sstoriesallhaveimportantbirthdaysthisyear.

HowtoTrainYourDragon

byCressidaCowell

（HachetteChildren's）

HiccupHorrendousHaddockIIIisasmallishVikingwithalongishname.HisHairyHooligantribethinkshe's

uselessbut,withthehelpofadragon,canHiccupprovehe'sahero?Celebrate20yearsofafavouritestorywith

thisanniversaryedition.

TheSheep-Pig

byDickKing-Smith

（PuffinBooks）

WhenFarmerHoggetbringsBabehome,thelittleorphanedpiglet（成为孤JL的〃、猪）israisedbyakind-hearted

sheepdogcalledFly.BabeknowshecanneverbeasheepdoglikeFlybutcouldhelearnhowtobeasheep-pig?

FamouslymadeintothefilmBabe,thismuch-lovedanimalstoryturns40thisyear.

EmilyofNewMoon

试卷第6页，共24页

byL.M.Montgomery

（ViragoBooks）

WhenEmilyissenttoliveatNewMoonwithrelativesshe'snevermet,herimaginationandideassooncauseher

toclash（争执）withherAuntElizabeth.WillNewMooneverfeellikehome?WrittenbytheauthorofAnneof

GreenGables,thisstorywasfirstpublishedin1923andiscelebratingits1OOthbirthdaythisyear.

TheDarkisRising

bySusanCooper

（PuffinBooks）

IfsMidwinter'sEve,thedaybeforeWill's11thbirthday.Strangethingsarehappeninginthesnowy

countrysidearoundhimandWillsoonrealisesthiswillbeabirthdaylikenoother.Firstpublished50yearsago,

thisclassicadventureremainsasexcitingandmagicalasever.

21.WhosebookwasBabeadaptedfrom?

A.SusanCooper's.B.CressidaCoweirs.

C.DickKing-Smith's.D.L.M.Montgomery's.

22.Whichofthefollowingbookshasbeeninprintforacentury?

A.HowtoTrainYourDragon.B.EmilyofNewMoon.

C.TheDarkisRising.D.TheSheep-Pig.

23.WhatdoweknowaboutTheDarkisRising?

A.Itismadeupofseveralstories.

B.ItispublishedbyViragoBooks.

C.Itissetaroundthecharacter'sbirthday.

D.Itisbasedontheauthor'spersonalexperience.

【答案】21.C22.B23.C

【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了4本受欢迎的儿童故事。

21.细节理解题。由文章“77/e印-Pig”部分中"FamouslymadeintothefilmBabe,thismuch-lovedanimalstory

turns40thisyear.（这个备受喜爱的动物故事被改编成电影《Babe》，今年将迎来40岁生日。）"以及"byDick

King-Smith（由迪克•金•史密斯）”可知，电影《Babe》是根据DickKing-Smith的书改编。故选C。

22.细节理解题。由文章“E加仪ofNew部分中"WrittenbytheauthorofAnneofGreenGables,thisstory

试卷第7页，共24页

wasfirstpublishedin1923andiscelebratingits100thbirthdaythisyear.（这个故事由《绿山墙的安妮》的作者所

写，于1923年首次出版，今年是它的100岁生日。户可知，EmilyofNewMoon已经出版了一个世纪。故选

Bo

23.细节理解题。由文章“TheDarkisRising”部分中"It'sMidwinter'sEve,thedaybeforeWill's11thbirthday.

StrangethingsarehappeninginthesnowycountrysidearoundhimandWillsoonrealisesthiswillbeabirthday

likenoother.（今天是仲冬前夜，威尔11岁生日的前一天。奇怪的事情发生在他周围的白雪皑皑的乡村，威

尔很快意识到这将是一个与众不同的生日。厂可知，故事发生在角色的生日前后。故选C。

B

Intheold-fashionedtownofWillowbrook,twofriendsnamedEmmaandLiamsharedanintimatebond.

Theywereinseparableandspenteverymomenttogether,laughing,exploring,andcreatingunforgettablememories.

Onecoldwintermorning,asthefirstsnowflakesgentlyfellfromthesky,Emmawokeupwithastuffynose

andasorethroat.Shetriedtobraveitandgetreadyforschool,butherbodyfeltweakandachy.Unwillingly,she

calledLiamtolethimknowshecouldn'tmakeittoschoolthatday.

LiamwasconcernedwhenheheardthetirednessinEmma'svoice."Don'tworry,Em.riltakecareof

everythingatschoolforyou,“heassuredher.FeelinggratefulforLiam'sunderstanding,Emmaforcedasmileand

replied,"'Thankyou,Liam.You'rethebestfriendanyonecouldaskfor."

Afterschool,LiamhurriedtoEmma'shouse,carryingamealhehadpreparedforher.Heknockedonthe

door,andEmma'smotherwelcomedhimwithawarmsmile."Oh,Liam,you'resuchathoughtfulfriend,9,shesaid.

“IbroughtsomesoupandteaforEmma.Ihopeitwillmakeherfeelbetter,Liamreplied,someconcernin

hiseyes.EnteringEmma'sroom,Liamfoundhercurledupunderablanket,lookingpalebutrelievedtoseehim.

“Hey,Ibroughtsomecomfortfoodtocheeryouup,“hesaid,settingthefoodonherbedsidetable.

Emma'seyeslitup,andshesmiledweakly.<4Youdidn'thaveto,butthankyou.Thismeanstheworldtome,“

shewhispered.Sittingbyherside,Liamkepthercompany,chattingsoftlyandmakingherlaughdespiteherillness.

Thewarmthoftheirfriendshipenvelopedtheroom,bringingafeelingofcomforttoEmma'stiredsoul.

AsEmmaregainedherstrength,sherealizedjusthowluckyshewastohaveafriendlikeLiam.His

unwaveringpresenceandkindnesshadmadeherrecoveryeasierandbrighter.Theirfriendshipgrewstrongerwith

eachpassingday,andfromthatmomenton,theyknewtheywouldbethereforeachotherthroughthickandthin.

24.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intimate“inParagraph1probablymean?

A.Satisfactory.B.Informal.C.Close.D.Temporary.

25.Whydidn'tEmmagotoschoolthatmorning?

试卷第8页，共24页

A.Itwastoocoldtogooutside.B.Liamfailedtopickherup.

C.Shewasinabadcondition.D.Schoolwasclosedfortheheavysnow.

26.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeLiam?

A.Considerateandcaring.B.Bravebutlazy.

C.Selflessandactive.D.Independentbutstubborn.

27.Whafsthetextmainlyabout?

A.Emma'sillness.B.Apreciousfriendship.

C.Liam'scompany.D.Howtohelpafriend.

【答案】24.C25.C26.A27.B

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了两个好朋友之间的友谊的故事。

24.词句猜测题。根据第一段画线词后文“Theywereinseparableandspenteverymomenttogether,laughing,

exploring,andcreatingunfbrgettablememories.（他们形影不离，每时每刻都在一起，一起欢笑，一起探索，一

起创造难忘的回忆。广可知，两人的关系是很亲密的，划线词intimate的意思是“亲密的"，和close意思相

近。故选C。

25.细节理解题。根据第二段“Onecoldwintermorning,asthefirstsnowflakesgentlyfellfromthesky,Emma

wokeupwithastuffynoseandasorethroat.Shetriedtobraveitandgetreadyforschool,butherbodyfeltweak

andachy.（一个寒冷的冬天早晨，当第一片雪花轻轻地从天空落下时，艾玛醒来时鼻子不通气，喉咙痛。她

试着鼓起勇气准备去上学，但她的身体感到虚弱和疼痛。户可知，Emma生病了，身体状况很差，所以没有

去上学。故选c。

26.推理判断题。根据第四段"Afterschool,LiamhurriedtoEmma'shouse,carryingamealhehadpreparedfor

her.（放学后，利亚姆匆匆赶到艾玛家，拿着他为她准备的饭菜。）"和"Oh,Liam,you^esuchathoughtful

friend（利亚姆，你真是个体贴的朋友）“可知，Liam是体贴的，考虑周到的，即considerate；根据第六段“Sitting

byherside,Liamkepthercompany,chattingsoftlyandmakingherlaughdespiteherillness.（利亚姆坐在她身边，

陪伴着她，尽管她生病了，他还是轻声聊天，逗她笑。户可知，Liam很会关心人，即caring。故选A。

27.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Intheold・fhshionedtownofWillowbrook,twofHendsnamedEmma

andLiamsharedanintimatebond.Theywereinseparableandspenteverymomenttogether,laughing,exploring,

andcreatingunforgettablememories.（在古老的Willowbrook镇，两个名叫艾玛和利亚姆的朋友有着亲密的关

系。他们形影不离，每时每刻都在一起，一起欢笑，一起探索，一起创造难忘的回忆。厂可知，文章主要讲

试卷第9页，共24页

的是两个好朋友之间的友谊的故事，因此主旨是B选项“Apreciousfriendship.（宝贵的友谊广。故选B。

C

AteamfromNewcastleUniversityandNorthumbriaUniversityintheUKhasfoundthatthethin,root-like

threadsproducedbymanyfungi（真菌）canpotentiallybeusedasabiodegradable,wearablematerialthafsalso

abletorepairitself.

Intheirtests,theresearchersfocusedontheGanodermalucidumfungus,producingaskinfrombranching

thinthreads,whichtogetherweaveintoastructurecalledamycelium（菌丝体）.Withalittlemorework,thefragile

skinscouldserveasasubstituteforleather,satisfyingenvironmentalandfashiontastes.

“Theresultssuggestthatmyceliummaterialscansurviveindryandunfavourableenvironments,and

self-repairingispossiblewithminimalinterventionafteratwo-dayrecoveryperiod,writetheresearchersintheir

publishedpaper.However,theprocessusedtoproducethesematerialstendstokilloffthefungalspores（抱子）that

helptheorganismregenerateitself.

Anewapproachinvolvingamixofmycelia,proteins,andothernutrientsinaliquidencouragedthegrowth

ofaskin.Theresultsarecurrentlytoothinanddelicatetobeturnedintoajacket.However,theresearchersare

confidentthatit'spossiblethatfutureinnovationscouldturnitintoatougherskin,possiblybycombininglayersor

plasticizinginglycerol.Crucially,theproductionprocessdidn'tkilloffthefungalspores.Testsonthematerial

showedthatitwasindeedabletoreplaceholesmadeinit.Thematerialwasasstrongasbefore,thoughitwasstill

possibletoseewheretheholeshadbeen.

“Duetotheirfunctionalproperties,theabilityofthisregenerativemyceliummaterialtohealmicroand

macrodefectsopensinterestingfutureprospectsforuniqueproductapplicationsinleather-goodsreplacementssuch

asfurniture,automotiveseals,andfashionwear,“writetheresearchers.

There5salongwaytogoherebeforeyou'llbewearingclothesmadeoutoffungus.Thegrowingandhealing

processestakeseveraldaystohappenatthemomentforexample,somethingwhichcouldbespedupovertime.

28.Whatdidtheteamfindintheirtests?

A.Analternativetofungalspores.B.Thinthreadsshapedlikeroots.

C.Manydifferentfiingi.D.Myceliummaterialswithself-healingfunction.

29.WhatismainlypresentedinParagraph3?

A.Therecoveryperiodoffungalspores.

B.Crisesofmyceliummaterials9survival.

C.Imperfectioninproducingmyceliummaterials.

试卷第10页，共24页

D.Themethodofinterveningorganisms9regeneration.

30.Whatcanwelearnaboutthenewapproach?

A.Itspeedsupthecreationofmycelia.B.Itkeepsfungalsporesfromdestruction.

C.Itmakestheholesinmaterialsinvisible.D.Itcombinestheliquidwithlayersofskin.

31.Whatistheprospectofmycelium-basedmaterials?

A.Aflashinthepan.B.Promisingbutchallenging.

C.Inspiringbutunachievable.D.Agrowthanddeclinecycle.

【答案】28.D29.C30.B31.B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讨论了一种由菌丝体制成的新型生物可降解材料，这种材料具有自我修复

的能力，可能成为皮革的替代品，满足环保和时尚的需求。文章介绍了研究团队的发现、实验过程、目前

面临的挑战以及未来应用的前景。

28.细节理解题。根据文章第一段"AteamfromNewcastleUniversityandNorthumbriaUniversityintheUKhas

foundthatthethin,root-likethreadsproducedbymanyfungi（真菌）canpotentiallybeusedasabiodegradable,

wearablematerialthat'salsoabletorepairitself.（英国纽卡斯尔大学和诺森比亚大学的一个团队发现，许多真

菌产生的细如根的线，有可能被用作一种可生物降解的、可穿戴的材料，而且还能自我修复。）”可知，研

究小组在他们的测试中发现了一种具有自我修复功能的菌丝材料。故选D项。

29.主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“"Theresultssuggestthatmyceliummaterialscansurviveindryand

unfavourableenvironments,andself^repairingispossiblewithminimalinterventionafteratwo-dayrecovery

period,9,writetheresearchersintheirpublishedpaper.However,theprocessusedtoproducethesematerialstends

tokilloffthefungalspores（抱子）thathelptheorganismregenerateitself.（研究人员在他们发表的论文中写道：

“研究结果表明，菌丝材料可以在干燥和不利的环境中生存，并且在两天的恢复周期后，通过最小程度的干

预实现自我修复是可能的。”然而，用于生产这些材料的过程往往会杀死帮助生物体自我再生的真菌抱子。）”

可知，第三段主要讲述了生产菌丝材料的过程中存在的问题。故选C项。

30.细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Crucially,theproductionprocessdidn,tkilloffthefungalspores.（至关重要

的是，生产过程并没有杀死真菌胞子。）”可知，新工艺不会破坏真菌泡子。故选B项。

31.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“There'salongwaytogoherebeforeyou511bewearingclothesmadeoutof

fimgus.（在你穿上用真菌做的衣服之前，还有很长的路要走。）”可知，用菌丝制作衣服还有很长的路要走，

也就是说菌丝材料的前景是充满希望的，但也具有挑战性。故选B项。

试卷第11页，共24页

D

There'sausefulconceptfrompsychologythathelpsexplainwhygoodpeopledothingsthatharmthe

environment:thefalseconsensus（共识）effect.Thafswhereweovervaluehowacceptableandwidespreadour

ownbehaviorisinsociety.Putsimply,ifyou'redoingsomething（evenifyousecretlyknowyouprobably

shouldn't）,you'remorelikelytothinkplentyofotherpeopledoittoo.Whafsmore,youlikelyoverestimatehow

muchotherpeoplethinkthatbehaviorisbroadlyOK.

Thisbias（偏见）allowspeopletojustifysociallyunacceptableorillegalbehaviors.Researchershave

observedthefalseconsensuseffectindruguseandillegalhunting.Morerecently,conservationistsarebeginningto

revealhowthiseffectcontributestoenvironmentaldamage.

InAustralia,peoplewhoadmittedpoaching（偷猎）thoughtitwasmuchmorewidespreadinsocietythanit

reallywas,andhadhigherestimatesthanfisherswhoobeyedthelaw.Theyalsobelievedothersviewedpoaching

associallytolerable;however,inreality,morethan90%offisherstooktheoppositestandonthis.Thefalse

consensuseffecthasalsoshownupinstudiesexaminingsupportfornuclearenergyandoffshorewindfarms.

Justasconceptsfrompsychologycanhelpexplainsomeformsofenvironmentaldamage,sotoocanthey

helpsolveit.Forexample,researchshowspeoplearemorelikelytolitterinareaswherethere'salreadyalotof

trashthrownaround;somakingsurethegroundaroundabinisnotcoveredinrubbishmayhelp.

Factualinformationonhowotherpeoplethinkandbehavecanbeverypowerful.Energycompanieshave

substantiallyreducedenergyconsumptionsimplybyshowingpeopletheirdifferenceinelectricityusecomparedto

theirneighbors.Encouragingly,stimulatingpeople'snaturaldesireforsocialpositionhasalsobeensuccessfulin

gettingpeopleto"gogreentobeseen”,ortopubliclypurchaseeco-friendlyproducts.

Astheresearchevidenceshows,socialstandardscanbeapowerfulforceinencouragingandpopularizing

environmentallyfriendlybehaviors.Perhapsyoucandoyourbitbysharingthisarticle!

32.Whichexamplebestillustratesthefalseconsensuseffect?

A.AstudentspendslonghourssurfingtheInternet.

B.Abloggerassumesmanypeopledislikehisposts.

C.Asmokerbelievespeoplegenerallyapproveofsmoking.

D.Adriverfrequentlyparksillegallyinpublicplaces.

33.HowdidmostAustralianfishersviewtheissueofpoaching?

A.Itiscontradictory.B.Itisimpractical.

C.Itiswidespread.D.Itisunacceptable.

试卷第12页，共24页

34.Whatdowords"gogreentobeseen^^refertoinparagraph5?

A.Developgreenhabitsforbetterhealth.

B.Choosegreenitemsthatareeasytospotinstores.

C.Joingreenmovementsforpersonalfulfillment.

D.Makegreenchoicesthatotherscanperceive.

35.Whatisarecommendedapproachtosolvingenvironmentalproblems?

A.Justifysocialstandards.B.Publicizesustainablepractices.

C.Encouragetechnologicalinnovations.D.Highlightpersonalresponsibilities.

【答案】32.C33.D34.D35.B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了错误共识效应这种心理现象，同时探讨了如何利用该效应解

决环境问题。

32.推理判断题。根据第——段“There'sausefulconceptfrompsychologythathelpsexplainwhygoodpeopledo

thingsthatharmtheenvironment:thefalseconsensus（共识）effect.（心理学中有一个有用的概念可以解释为什

么好人会做危害环境的事情：虚假共识效应）”以及“Putsimply,ifyou'redoingsomething（evenifyousecretly

knowyouprobablyshouldn't）,you'remorelikelytothinkplentyofotherpeopledoittoo.（简单地说，如果你在做

某件事（即使你私下里知道你可能不应该做），你更有可能认为很多其他人也在做）”可知，错误共识效应使人

们可以为社会不可接受或非法的行为找到合理化的理由。由此可推知。“吸烟者认为人们普遍赞成吸烟。”

最能说明错误共识效应。故选C。

33.细节理解题。根据第三段“Theyalsobelievedothersviewedpoachingassociallytolerable;however,inreality,

morethan90%offisherstooktheoppositestandonthis.（他们还认为，其他人认为偷猎在社会上是可以容忍的；

然而，事实上，超过90%的渔民对此持相反立场）”可知，大多数澳大利亚渔民觉得偷猎是不可接受的。故选

Do

34.词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段中“ortopubliclybuyeco-friendlyproducts（或者公开购买环保产品）“可知，

or表示"或者”，说明划线短语和buyeco-friendlyproducts意思相近，也就是买东西时做出环保的选择，并且

让他人看见或知道，和D选项“Makegreenchoicesthatotherscanperceive.（做出别人能理解的绿色选择）”意思

相近。故选D。

35.推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的“Justasconceptsfrompsychologycanhelpexplainsomeformsof

environmentaldamage,sotoocantheyhelpsolveit.（正如心理学概念可以帮助解释某些形式的环境破坏一样，

试卷第13页，共24页

它们也可以帮助解决环境破坏问题）“，倒数第二段的“Factualinformationonhowotherpeoplethinkandbehave

canbeverypowerful.Energycompanieshavesubstantiallyreducedenergyconsumptionsimplybyshowingpeople

theirdifferenceinelectricityusecomparedtotheirneighbors.（关于别人如何思考和行为的事实信息是非常强大

的。能源公司仅仅通过向人们展示他们的用电量与邻居的比较就大大减少了能源消耗）”和最后一段的“Asthe

resea