2025高三英语寒假巩固复习：选择性必修三~选择性必修四词汇（练习）含答案及解析

第02讲选择性必修3~选择性必修4词汇考点

目录

01模拟基础练

【题型一】易考单词变形

【题型二】核心单词拼写

02重难创新练

【题型一】阅读词汇和短语

【题型二】完形词汇和短语

03真题实战练

题型一易考单词变形

1.SinceZhangjiajie(improve)itstransportationandserviceforlong,thecitynowcan

receive36,200touristsperday.

2.Chinahasbeenmoreandmore(influence)sincethereformandopening-up.

3.BaJingained(recognize)forwritingataveryyoungage,andtodayheisstillacknowledgedas

oneofChina'sgreatestwriters.

4.TheUNESCOWorldHeritageCenterrepeatedlyurgesthatsomeculturalrelicsinEgypt

(restore)inordertopreventthemfromcollapse.

5.Haiku,aJapanesepoetry,hasaformatofthreelines,containing5,7,and5syllables

(respective).

6.Itwasthestaff'sresolutionand(persevere)thathelpedthiscorporationcarrythroughits

goalandsucceedeventually.

7.Inmanycountries,ifsomeoneisaccusedofacrime,heorsheisconsidered（innocence）untilthe

courtprovesthatheorsheisguilty.

8.Hewasavictimof（race）prejudice.

9.We'llhavereportersthereforyouallweeklongtokeepyou（update）onthestorm.

10.（nail）thetwoshelvestogether,shewipedawaythesweatandhadarest.

11.Thechefsaidthemenu（adjust）tosuitlocaltastes.Thafswhymorecustomerswereflooding

intotherestaurant.

12.Itwasreallycoldoutside,butJethrostayedindoors（wrap）inawarmblanket（毯子）and

drinkinghotchocolate.

13.Hewentfromdoortodoor（find）apartnerwhocouldhelp.

14.Onlyinretrospect（回顾）didthevalueofappreciatingamoviewithoutjudging,（accompany）bythe

joyofsharingbecomeself-evidenttome.

15.Togetreallygoodatsomething,oneneedstospendatleast10,000hours（study）andpracticing.

题型二核心单词拼写

16.Thereport（以...为基石出）ontheresearchwaslaunchedlater.

17.Shewasforcedtohaveherbaby（领养）aftershewassentencedtoprison.

18.tobemanagerofthecompany,theyoungmanfeltexcited.

19.Tobeginwith,we'dfeel（荣幸）ifyoucouldmatchusaccordingtoouroralEnglishlevels,ratherthan

pairusrandomly.

20.Shewassoconsideratethatshewalkedtocomfortthegirl（惊慌）bythenews.

21.Whenhecametohimself,hefoundhimself（被锁在）intheroom.

22.Tofindoutthetruth,thepoliceofficershavetoconducta（详尽的）reviewofthecase.

23.Lastweek,theteacher（布置）anessayaboutenvironmentalprotectiontothem.

24.Apersonmustshowsome（自制力）toreachthegoalofchange.

25.Thereweresomeextraordinarily（逼真的，栩栩如生的）paintingsofEuropeondisplay.

题型一阅读词汇和短语

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

A

（2024•浙江•二模）Adiethighinproteinisoftenpromotedaspartofahealthylifestyle,andmanydiets

encourageconsumerstoreducefatsinfavorofproteintoloseweightandgainleanmuscle.

ForthestudyinNatureMetabolism,BettinaMittendorferandcolleaguesfoundthatwhileincreasingthe

proportionofproteinindailycalorieintakeisbeneficial,consumingproteintoomuchnotonlydoesn'taddtothe

developmentofleanmusclebutcancauseunintendednegativehealtheffects.

""Consumersarebeingledtobelievethattheycannevergettoomuchproteinintheirdiet,“saysMittendorfer.

“However,ourresearchshowsthatspecificaminoacids（氨基酸），whichaiethebuildingblocksofprotein,can

triggerheartdiseasethroughasignalingmechanismatthecellularlevelintheblood.^^

Anaminoacidfoundinanimal-proteinfoods,suchasbeef,eggs,andmilk,wasfoundtoberesponsiblefor

signalingactivityincellsthattypicallyclearawayrubbishinbloodvessels.Asconsumptionofdietaryprotein

increases,sodoestheconsumptionofleucine（亮氨酸），thespecificaminoacidresponsiblefortriggeringthis

cellularactivityintheblood.

Whenfunctioningnormally,thesecellsworktokeepbloodvesselsfreefromplaque（血〃、板）buildup.When

theirproductionbecomesoveractive,theresultingaccumulationofspentcellsinthevascularsystemcancausethe

plaquebuildupandblockagestheyaresupposedtoprevent.Theresultinghardeningofthearteries（动脉）isa

leadingriskfactorforheartattackandstroke.

“OurhopeistoeventuallyfindtheGoldilocksapproachformaximizingthehealthbenefitsofdietaryprotein,

suchasbuildingleanmuscle,whileavoidingthehealthdrawbacksfromoverconsumption.saysMittendorfer.

Theresearchersfoundthatconsumingmorethan22%ofdailycaloriesfromproteincarriesmoredownside

riskthandietarybenefit.Foranormaladult,20to30gramsofproteinpermeal,or60to90gramsofproteinper

dayisadequatetosupporthealth.

Thestudycombinedhumantrialswithexperimentsinmiceandcells.

1.Whichofthefollowingisthefindingoftheresearch?

A.Itisbeneficialtotakeinproteinindailydiets.

B.Adiethighinproteinisalwaysconsideredasahealthylifestyle.

C.Manyconsumersareinfavorofproteintoloseweightandgainmuscle.

D.Consumingproteintoomuchdoesn'tdogoodtotheleanmuscledevelopment.

2.Whichofthefollowingismostlikelytocauseheartattackandstroke?

A.Theplaquebuildup.B.Animal-proteinfoods.

C.Thehardeningofthearteries.D.Overactivecellularactivityintheblood.

3.Whatistheproperwaytomakegooduseofprotein?

A.Totakeinproperamountofproteinpermeal.

B.Toexerciseeverydayinordertobuildleanmuscle.

C.Toconsumemorethan22%ofdailycaloriesfromprotein.

D.Todomoreexperimentsinmiceandcellstoprovideevidence.

4.Whatdoweknowaboutthestudy?

A.Itisconductedinarelativelyscientificway.

B.Itfinallyfindsaproperapproachtokeepfit.

C.Itistotallyagainstwhatpeoplehavebelieved.

D.Itoffersadietstandardforpeopleofallagesallovertheworld.

B

（2024•湖南•二模）TheCaliforniaseaotter（海獭），oncehuntedtotheedgeofextinction,hasstageda

thrillingcomebackinthelastcentury.Now,scientistshavediscoveredthattheotters9successstoryhasledto

somethingjustasremarkable:therestorationoftheirdecliningcoastalmarsh（沼泽）habitat.

ElkhornSlough,acoastalmarshwithinMontereyBay,hadbeenexperiencingseveredamage.Therootcause

wasagrowingpopulationofshorecrabs,whichfedheavilyonthemarshplants,weakeningthestructuralintegrity

ofthehabitat.Coastalmarsheslikethesearenotonlynaturaldefensesagainststormwavesbutalsoserveas

importantcarbonstorageareasandwater-cleaningsystems.

Theconservation-drivencomebackoftheseaotterhasbeencrucial.California^coastlineswereoncealive

withseaotters.Sadly,theywerenearlywipedoutatthehandsoffurtraders.Inthe1980s,conservationefforts

aidedtheseottersinre-occupyinglargeareasoftheirformerrange.Now,ElkhornSloughhasthehighest

concentrationofseaottersinCalifornia,withapopulationofabout100.Bynaturallyfeastingoncrabs,theotters

havehelpedasignificantregrowthofplantlife.BrentHughes,ascientistworkingalongsideAngelini,leda

three-yearstudy.Theirfindingswereclear:inareaswithseaotters,crabnumbersfellmarkedly.Thisledtoa

resurgenceinplantgrowth,whichinturnstabilizedthesoilandloweredtherateofsoilwashingaway.

Astheseaotterpopulationcontinuestorestore,theirpositiveimpactoncoastalecosystemsislikelyto

increase.Itnotonlyshowcasestheseaotterasacentralspecies-aspeciesthathasasignificanteffectonitsnatural

environment-butalsohighlightstheessentialnatureoftoppredators（捕食者）inpreservingecologicalharmony.

“Myhonestreactionwas-thiscouldbecomeaclassicintheliterature,saysscientistLekeliaJenkins.Shereveals

marshrestorationalsohelpspeoplebyreducingflooding.""Suddenly,seaottersgofromjustcutethingsweliketo

somethingthatcanprotectourlivelihoodsandourproperties.

5.Whatchangedidthedisappearanceofseaottersbringabout?

A.Fewerpredatorycrabs.B.Morecoastalplantlife.

C.Betterwater-cleaningeffect.D.Worsecoastalecologicalbalance.

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"resurgence“inparagraph3mean?

A.Barrier.B.Advancement.C.Expansion.D.Revival.

7.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinquotingLekeliaJenkins?

A.Tohighlighttheimportanceofcoastalmarshes.

B.Tointroduceanewresearchstudyonseaotters.

C.Todemonstratethepracticalbenefitsofseaotters.

D.Toemphasizetheneedforincreasedconservationefforts.

8.Whatmessageisconveyedfromseaotters5impact?

A.Thenecessityforcontrolledhunting.

B.Theinterconnectednessoftheecosystem.

C.Thedrawbacksofwildlifereintroduction.

D.Theneedforhumaninterventioninnature.

题型二完形填空词汇和短语

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

（2024•河4匕•——模）Myworkincancerresearchwasgeneratingalotofwasteeveryday.Asourresearch

turnedtofullcapacity,ourwasteproduction1.

Iwenttomyadviserandsuggestedtheideaof23D-printedlabtoolsoutofsomeofourwaste.She

3meandthenIsecuredfundingtopurchaserecyclingequipment.Butaftermonthsof4theproject

didn'tgoasIhadimaginedandprogressedslowly.Soitwasawelcome5whenmyco-workers

brainstormedotherwaystoreduceourenvironmental6

Wecreatedagrouptopushforgreenerwaysto7.Webeganmeetingmonthlytocomeupwith

solutions.Overthefollowingmonths,we8newrecyclingbinstoeachlabsothatourplasticwastecould

besorted9.Wecreatedrulesforeachdevicetobeenergy-efficient.I'mstilldisappointedthatIcouldn't

fullyrealizemy3D-printing101amstubbornenoughtokeeptrying.ButFvealsolearnedthatifone

approachisn'tworking,sometimesifsbestto11andlookforothersolutions.I'mthankfulthatwiththe

helpofthe12communityaroundme,weareabletodothat.

Iencouragescientistseverywheretothinkaboutwaystoreducethe13impactoftheirownresearch.

Theworkwedoisimportant.Butweshouldalsodoourparttobeassustainableaswecan.Afterall,what14

doesoursciencehaveif,ultimately,thereremainsno15planetwecancallourhome?

1.A.returnedB.declinedC.stabilizedD.rocketed

2.A.creatingB.buyingC.borrowingD.renting

3.A.suspectedB.criticizedC.encouragedD.comforted

4.A.struggleB.discussionC.trainingD.confusion

5.A.sourceB.reliefC.targetD.success

6.A.distributionB.optionC.phaseD.footprint

7.A.cureB.defendC.operateD.negotiate

8.A.commentedB.introducedC.movedD.knocked

9.A.properlyB.typicallyC.naturallyD.annually

10.A.recipeB.preventionC.visionD.association

11.A.setoffB.speakoutC.holdonD,stepback

12.A.localB.academicC.finalD.new

13.A.fundamentalB.historicalC.environmentalD.financial

14.A.significanceB.possibilityC.fortuneD.depth

15.A.broadB.supportiveC.differentD.particular

1.（2024年浙江卷1月阅读理解A篇）

TomSawyerPlayIsanAdventure

A35-minutehand-clapping,foot-stompingmusicalversionofaMarkTwainfavoritereturnswiththisTall

Stacksfestival.

“TomSawyer:ARiverAdventure^^hasallthegoodstuff,includingthefencepainting,thegraveyard,theisland

andthecave.ItisadaptedbyJoeMcDonough,withmusicbyDavidKisor.Thafsthelocalstagewritingteamthat

createsmanyoftheChildren'sTheatreofCincinnati'soriginalmusicals,alongwiththeholidayfamilymusicalsat

EnsembleTheatre.

ThisyearNathanTurnerofBurlingtonisTomSawyer,andRobbieMcMathofFortMitchellisHuckFinn.

Turner,alOth-graderatSchoolforCreativeandPerformingArts,isafamiliarpresenceonCincinnati'sstages.

HeisastaractorofChildren'sTheatre,havingplayedleadingrolesin“TheLegendofSleepyHollow^^and“The

WizardofOz,“andisfreshfromJerseyProduction“Ragtime”.

McMathisajunioratBeechwoodHighSchool.Hewasinthecastof"TomSawyer“whenitwasfirstperformed

andisaChildren'sTheatreregular,withfiveshowstohiscredit.ThissummerheattendedKentucky'sGovernor's

SchoolfortheArtsinMusicalTheatre.

Notetoteachers:Children'sTheatrehasastudyguidedemonstratinghowmathandsciencecanbetaught

through“TomSawyer."Fordownloadablelessons,visittheofficialwebsiteofChildren'sTheatre.

1.Whowrotethemusicfor“TomSawyer:ARiverAdventure,,7

A.DavidKisor.B.JoeMcDonough.

C.NathanTurner.D.RobbieMcMath.

2.Whatcanwelearnaboutthetwoactors?

A.Theystudyinthesameschool.B.Theyworkedtogetherin“Ragtime".

C.Theyareexperiencedonstage.D.Theybecamefriendstenyearsago.

3.WhatdoesChildren'sTheatreprovideforteachers?

A.Researchfunding.B.Trainingopportunities.

C.Technicalsupport.D.Educationalresources.

2.（2022•新高考II卷阅读理解C篇）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Overthelastsevenyears,moststates

havebannedtextingbydrivers,andpublicservicecampaignshavetriedawiderangeofmethodstopersuadepeople

toputdowntheirphoneswhentheyarebehindthewheel.

Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.Americansarestilltextingwhile

driving,aswellasusingsocialnetworksandtakingphotos.Roadaccidents,whichhadfallenforyears,arenowrising

sharply.

Thatispartlybecausepeoplearedrivingmore,butMarkRosekind,thechiefoftheNationalHighwayTraffic

SafetyAdministration,saiddistracted（分心、）drivingwas"onlyincreasing,unfortunately.H

"Bigchangerequiresbigideas."hesaidinaspeechlastmonth,referringbroadlytotheneedtoimproveroad

safety.Sototrytochangeadistinctlymodembehavior,lawmakersandpublichealthexpertsarereachingbacktoan

oldapproach:Theywanttotreatdistracteddrivinglikedrunkdriving.

AnideafromlawmakersinNewYorkistogivepoliceofficersanewdevicecalledtheTextalyzer.Itwouldwork

likethis:AnofficerarrivingatthesceneofacrashcouldaskforthephonesofthedriversandusetheTextalyzerto

checkintheoperatingsystemforrecentactivity.Thetechnologycoulddeterminewhetheradriverhadjusttexted,

emailedordoneanythingelsethatisnotallowedunderNewYork'shands-freedrivinglaws.

nWeneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople'sbehavior,saidFelixW.Ortiz,whopushedforthe

state's2001banonhand-helddevicesbydrivers.IftheTextalyzerbillbecomeslaw,hesaid,"peoplearegoingtobe

moreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone.H

8.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebanondrivers*textingintheUS?

A.Ineffective.B.Unnecessary.

C.Inconsistent.D.Unfair.

9.WhatcantheTextalyzerhelpapoliceofficerfindout?

A.Whereadrivercamefrom.B.Whetheradriverusedtheirphone.

C.Howfastadriverwasgoing.D.Whenadriverarrivedatthescene.

10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"something”inthelastparagraphreferto?

A.Advice.B.Data.C.Tests.D.Laws.

11.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.ToDriveorNottoDrive?ThinkBeforeYouStart

B.TextingandDriving?WatchOutfortheTextalyzer

C.NewYorkBanningHand-HeldDevicesbyDrivers.

D.TheNextGenerationCellPhone:TheTextalyzer-

第02讲选择性必修3~选择性必修4词汇考点

目录

01模拟基础练

【题型一】易考单词变形

【题型二】核心单词拼写

02重难创新练

【题型一】阅读词汇和短语

【题型二】完形词汇和短语

03真题实战练

Q

埠阳其础结：

题型一易考单词变形

1.SinceZhangjiajie(improve)itstransportationandserviceforlong,thecitynowcan

receive36,200touristsperday.

【答案］hasbeenimproving

【解析】考查谓语动词时态及主谓一致。句意：由于张家界长期以来一直在改善其交通和服务，该市现在

每天可以接待36200名游客。所给动词improve在since引导的原因状语从句中作谓语，根据时间状语for

long,并结合主句时态可知，该空应使用现在完成进行时，主语Zhangjiajie为单数名词，助动词应使用单三

形式。故填hasbeenimprovingo

2.Chinahasbeenmoreandmore(influence)sincethereformandopening-up.

【答案】influential

【解析】考查形容词。句意：改革开放以来，中国的影响力越来越大。提示词作表语，用形容influential构

成比较级，表明主语的性质和属性，意为“有影响力的"。故填influential。

3.BaJingained(recognize)forwritingataveryyoungage,andtodayheisstillacknowledgedas

oneofChina5sgreatestwriters.

【答案】recognition

【解析】考查名词。句意：巴金在很小的时候就因写作而获得认可，今天他仍然被公认为中国最伟大的作

家之一。根据句意及英文提示可知，此处使用名词recognition“承认”，作gained的宾语。故填recognition。

4.TheUNESCOWorldHeritageCenterrepeatedlyurgesthatsomeculturalrelicsinEgypt

(restore)inordertopreventthemfromcollapse.

［答案］(should)berestored

【解析】考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意:联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)世界遗产中心为了防止埃及的部分

文物倒塌，一再敦促对其进行修复。空处应填谓语动词，表示建议、要求或命令的动词

urge/advise/suggest/command/demand,etc.其后接宾语从句时，从句谓语动词应用(should)+动词原形，should

可以省略，从句主语someculturalrelics与restore之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。故填(should)berestored。

5.Haiku,aJapanesepoetry,hasaformatofthreelines,containing5,7,and5syllables

(respective).

【答案】respectively

【解析】考查副词。句意：俳句是一种日本诗歌，有三行格式，分别包含5、7和5个音节。由句意空处应

填副词形式，作状语，修饰containing。故填respectively。

6.Itwasthestaff'sresolutionand(persevere)thathelpedthiscorporationcarrythroughits

goalandsucceedeventually.

【答案】perseverance

【解析】考查名词。句意：是员工的决心和毅力帮助这家公司实现了目标并最终取得了成功。空处和名词

resolution并列作强调句的主语，应用名词形式perseverance,perseverance为不可数名词，故填perseverance。

7.Inmanycountries,ifsomeoneisaccusedofacrime,heorsheisconsidered(innocence)untilthe

courtprovesthatheorsheisguilty.

【答案】innocent

【解析】考查形容词。句意：在许多国家，如果某人被指控犯罪，在法庭证明他或她有罪之前，他或她被

视为无罪。分析句子可知，空处应填形容词innocent“无罪的”在句中作主语补足语。故填innocent。

8.Hewasavictimof(race)prejudice.

【答案】racial

【解析】考查形容词。句意:他是种族偏见的受害者。修饰名词prejudice,需用形容词racial,作定语。故

填racialo

9.We'llhavereportersthereforyouallweeklongtokeepyou(update)onthestorm.

【答案】updated

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们将在那里安排记者，为你提供整整一周的有关风暴的最新消息。设

空处作宾语补足语，宾语you与动词update”给……提供最新信息”之间为逻辑上的被动关系，设空处填过去

分词updatedo故填updatedo

10.(nail)thetwoshelvestogether,shewipedawaythesweatandhadarest.

【答案］Havingnailed

【解析】考查现在分词。句意：把两个架子钉在一起后，她擦了擦汗，休息了一会儿。分析句子结构可知，

此处应为非谓语动词作状语，nail与逻辑主语she之间为主动关系，且发生在谓语动词wiped之前，所以此

处使用现在分词的完成式，即havingnailed,且位于句首，having的首字母需大写。故填Havingnailed。

11.Thechefsaidthemenu(adjust)tosuitlocaltastes.Thafswhymorecustomerswereflooding

intotherestaurant.

【答案1hadbeenadjusted

【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：厨师说菜单已经调整以适应当地人的口味。这就是为什么越来越多

的顾客涌入餐馆。空处应填谓语动词，由句意及Thafswhymorecustomerswerefloodingintotherestaurant

可知themenu与adjust之间为被动关系且动作发生在过去的过去，应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填hadbeen

adjustedo

12.Itwasreallycoldoutside,butJethrostayedindoors(wrap)inawarmblanket(毯子)and

drinkinghotchocolate.

【答案】wrapped

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：外面真的很冷，但叶忒罗裹着温暖的毯子呆在家里，喝着热巧克力。分

析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空处是非谓语动词，固定短语bewrappedin表示“被包裹在"，wrap和Jethro

逻辑上是被动关系，应用wrap的过去分词形式，和drinking并列，作方式状语，说明谓语行为发生的方式。

故填wrappedo

13.Hewentfromdoortodoor(find)apartnerwhocouldhelp.

【答案】tofind

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他挨家挨户地寻找能够帮忙的伙伴。分析句子可知，空处应填动词不定

式，在句中作目的状语。故填tofind。

14.Onlyinretrospect(回顾)didthevalueofappreciatingamoviewithoutjudging,(accompany)bythe

joyofsharingbecomeself-evidenttome.

【答案】accompanied

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：只有回顾时，不加评判地欣赏一部电影，伴随着分享的喜悦，这种价值

对我来说才变得不言而喻。分析句子可知，句子使用了部分倒装，已有谓语动词，空处是非谓语动词，

accompany"伴随"和thevalueofappreciatingamovie逻辑上是被动关系，应用accompany的过去分词形式，

作定语。故填accompanied。

15.Togetreallygoodatsomething,oneneedstospendatleast10,000hours(study)andpracticing.

【答案】studying

【解析】考查动名词。句意：要想真正擅长某件事，一个人需要花费至少10000个小时的学习和练习。固

定短语spendtime(in)doingsth：花费时间做某事，故填studying。

题型二核心单词拼写

16.Thereport（以...为基石出）ontheresearchwaslaunchedlater.

【答案】based

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：以该研究为基础的报告随后发布。根据汉语提示可知，base”以……为基

础”，动词，和report之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故填based。

17.Shewasforcedtohaveherbaby（领养）aftershewassentencedtoprison.

【答案】adopted

【解析】考查过去分词。句意：她被判入狱后，被迫让人收养了她的孩子。根据提示的汉语，表示“领养”

应为adopt,分析句子结构可知，此处为“have+宾语+宾补”结构，herbaby与adopt之间为被动关系，所以此

处使用过去分词形式。故填adopted。

18.）tobemanagerofthecompany,theyoungmanfeltexcited.

【答案】Appointed

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:被任命为公司经理，这个年轻人感到很兴奋。“任命”用动词appoint,与

逻辑主语theyoungman之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语。根据汉语提示及句意，故填Appointed。

19.Tobeginwith,we'dfeel（荣幸）ifyoucouldmatchusaccordingtoouroralEnglishlevels,ratherthan

pairusrandomly.

【答案】privileged

【解析】考查形容词。句意：首先，如果您能根据我们的英语口语水平给我们配对，而不是随意配对，我

们会感到很荣幸。根据汉语提示“荣幸”可知，此处为形容词privileged,作表语。故填privileged。

20.Shewassoconsideratethatshewalkedtocomfortthegirl（惊慌）bythenews.

【答案】panicked

【解析】考查动词。句意：她很体贴，走过去安慰那个被消息吓坏的女孩。根据汉语提示可知应用动词panic,

与girl构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填panicked。

21.Whenhecametohimself,hefoundhimself（被锁在）intheroom.

【答案】locked

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当他清醒过来时，发现自己被锁在房间里了。“被锁在”作宾语补足语，用

动词lock,与其逻辑主语himself之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填locked。

22.Tofindoutthetruth,thepoliceofficershavetoconducta（详尽的）reviewofthecase.

【答案】thorough

【解析】考查形容词。句意：为了查明真相，警察们必须对这个案件进行详尽的审查。“详尽的”修饰名词

review,用形容词thorough作定语。故填thorough。

23.Lastweek,theteacher（布置）anessayaboutenvironmentalprotectiontothem.

【答案】assigned

【解析】考查动词。句意：上周，老师布置了一篇关于环境保护的作文给他们。分析句子结构可知，此处

应为谓语动词，根据提示的汉语，表示“布置”应为assign,根据时间状语lastweek可知，此处应为一般过去

时，且与主语theteacher之间为主动关系，所以谓语动词应为assignedo故填assigned0

24.Apersonmustshowsome（自制力）toreachthegoalofchange.

【答案】discipline

【解析】考查名词。句意：一个人必须表现出一定的自律才能达到改变的目标。分析句子结构可知，此处

为名词作宾语，根据提示的汉语，表示“自制力”应为discipline,且为不可数名词。故填discipline。

25.Thereweresomeextraordinarily（逼真的，栩栩如生的）paintingsofEuropeondisplay.

【答案】realistic

【解析】考查形容词。句意：有一些非常逼真的欧洲绘画作品在展出。根据汉语提示和空后的paintingsof

Europe可知，这里应用形容词realistic,作定语。故填realistic。

题型一阅读词汇和短语

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

A

（2024•浙江•二模）Adiethighinproteinisoftenpromotedaspartofahealthylifestyle,andmanydiets

encourageconsumerstoreducefatsinfavorofproteintoloseweightandgainleanmuscle.

ForthestudyinNatureMetabolism,BettinaMittendorferandcolleaguesfoundthatwhileincreasingthe

proportionofproteinindailycalorieintakeisbeneficial,consumingproteintoomuchnotonlydoesn'taddtothe

developmentofleanmusclebutcancauseunintendednegativehealtheffects.

""Consumersarebeingledtobelievethattheycannevergettoomuchproteinintheirdiet,“saysMittendorfer.

“However,ourresearchshowsthatspecificaminoacids（氨基酸），whicharethebuildingblocksofprotein,can

triggerheartdiseasethroughasignalingmechanismatthecellularlevelintheblood.^^

Anaminoacidfoundinanimal-proteinfoods,suchasbeef,eggs,andmilk,wasfoundtoberesponsiblefor

signalingactivityincellsthattypicallyclearawayrubbishinbloodvessels.Asconsumptionofdietaryprotein

increases,sodoestheconsumptionofleucine（亮氨酸），thespecificaminoacidresponsiblefortriggeringthis

cellularactivityintheblood.

Whenfunctioningnormally,thesecellsworktokeepbloodvesselsfreefromplaque（血4、板）buildup.When

theirproductionbecomesoveractive,theresultingaccumulationofspentcellsinthevascularsystemcancausethe

plaquebuildupandblockagestheyaresupposedtoprevent.Theresultinghardeningofthearteries（动脉）isa

leadingriskfactorforheartattackandstroke.

“OurhopeistoeventuallyfindtheGoldilocksapproachformaximizingthehealthbenefitsofdietaryprotein,

suchasbuildingleanmuscle,whileavoidingthehealthdrawbacksfromoverconsumption.saysMittendorfer.

Theresearchersfoundthatconsumingmorethan22%ofdailycaloriesfromproteincarriesmoredownside

riskthandietarybenefit.Foranormaladult,20to30gramsofproteinpermeal,or60to90gramsofproteinper

dayisadequatetosupporthealth.

Thestudycombinedhumantrialswithexperimentsinmiceandcells.

1.Whichofthefollowingisthefindingoftheresearch?

A.Itisbeneficialtotakeinproteinindailydiets.

B.Adiethighinproteinisalwaysconsideredasahealthylifestyle.

C.Manyconsumersareinfavorofproteintoloseweightandgainmuscle.

D.Consumingproteintoomuchdoesn'tdogoodtotheleanmuscledevelopment.

2.Whichofthefollowingismostlikelytocauseheartattackandstroke?

A.Theplaquebuildup.B.Animal-proteinfoo