建筑工程专业英语unit1(重庆科创职业学院)

建筑专业英语ProfessionalEnglishinArchitecture高职高专“十二五”规划教材建筑工程专业英语王欣夏英姿主编冶金工业出版社Introduction

Name：魏铃(Willing)

Tel：

E

OfficeAddress:J020803AboutthelastscoreThreeparts:

Performancesinclass(40%)

(ontime,noabsent,active…)

Assignment(10%)

(ontime,byyourself)

FinalExam(50%)

AboutthetextbookNineunitsintotalChoose4unitsforthissemester

About6periodsforeachunitAimsforthiscourseTogainsomeprofessionaltermsinthefieldofarchitecture.ToknowthebasicglossaryofhousecomponentsinEnglish.ToknowthebasicarchitecturalstylesinEnglish.Toenhancethestudents’skillsofEnglishlanguageabilities,andresearchskillaswell.Questionsneededtobeclear

beforethecourse1.HowtostudyEnglish?2.HowtostudyarchitecturalEnglishterms?2.PurposetostudyarchitecturalEnglishArchitectureasasystematiceducationwasbuiltupinthewesternworld.Tolearnspecificarchitecturaltermsisessentialforarchitectstounderstandtheirsysteminawhole.Asprofessionals,weneedtograspprofessionaltermsforcommunication.3.HowtostudyarchitecturalEnglishterms?a.Useillustrationsb.Repeat/rereadc.Userealexamplesd.ActualuseImportantPoints

ArchitecturalEnglishcourseisNOTacourseforlearningbasicEnglishknowledgesuchasgrammarorsentencestructures.Wefocusonunderstandingandvocabulary.Unit

one

BriefIntroductiontoArchitectureLTalket’sLead-inQuestionsWhatisyourmajor?Do

youlikeyourmajor?Why

didyouchooseit?What

doyouthinkyoucanlearnfromyourmajor?

2345ReadingFocus6WhatisArchitecture1DevelopmentofArchitectureArchitectureofAncientWorldArchitectureoftheAncientWorld

ArchitecturesoftheNewWorldLanguagePointsWarming-upQuestions:Accordingtoyourunderstanding,whatisarchitecture?Doyouknowsomefamousarchitectureintheworld?

FamousarchitectureTheGreatWallTheForbiddenCityTheHeavenTempleTheSummerPalaceThePotalaPalaceJinciTempleTheOrientalPearlTVTowerSydneyOperaHouseEiffelTowerTajMahalLeaningTowerofPisaTask1ReadtoknowTextA:WhatisArchitectureStep1:ReadingnewwordsloudlyStep2:Pleasereadthetextasfastasyoucan,trytoknowthedefinitionofarchitecture,thedevelopmentofarchitecture,andseveraldifferentperiodsofarchitecture.

Step3textAnalysis:Para1:Architectureisapassion,avocation,acallingaswellasascienceandabusiness.

keywords&expressionspassion,vocation,callingTextstudy1.Architectureistheimaginativeblendofartandscienceinthedesignofenvironmentsforpeoplewhoneedtoeat,work,liveandplay.建筑是在设计人们需要吃饭,工作,生活和娱乐的环境中,艺术和科学设计创意的结合.定语从句单词区别Imageimagineimaginationimaginativeimaginaryimaginable1.Imaginable

常作后置定语，表示：可想象的，如：wehadthegreatestdifficultyimaginable.2.Imaginative

表示：富有想象力的、爱想象的，如：animaginativeperson富于想象力的人。3.Imaginary

表示：想象的，虚构的，假象的，如：Anythingimaginaryistheproductsofanimaginativeperson'smind.任何虚构的东西，都是有想象力的人的产物。2.Architectstransformtheseneedsintoconceptsandthendeveloptheconceptsintobuildingimagesthatcanbeconstructedbyothers.transform…into…e.g.Thescientistshavetransformedscientificresearchresultsintoproductiveforces.科学家已经把科学成果转化为生产力。3.Theseprojectscanbeassmallasanentrancewayandaslargeasanentirecollegecampusandeverythinginbetween.这些工程可以小到入口道路一样小,也可以大到一个完整的大学校园一样大,或兼而有之.4.Architectureistheartandscienceofdesigningbuildings.5.Awiderdefinitionwouldincludewithinitsscopethedesignofthetotalbuiltenvironment;fromthemacroleveloftownplanning,urbandesignandlandscapetothemicroleveloffurnitureandproductdesign.macrolevelmicrolevelWithinitsscope:在其范围之内e.g.Acompanyshallconductbusinessactivitieswithinitsregisteredbusinessscope.公司应当在其登记的经营范围之内从事经营活动。6.Architecture,equallyimportantly,alsoreferstotheproductofsuchadesign.建筑也指这些设计的创作，这也同样重要。DevelopmentofArchitecture1.Timeisanimportantfactorinarchitecture,sinceabuildingisusuallycomprehendedinasuccessionofexperiencesratherthanallatonce.succession：[sək'sɛʃən]一连串,一系列2.Inmostarchitecturethereisononevantagepointfromwhichthewholestructurecanbeunderstood.from+关系代词引导定语从句在大多数的建筑中没有一个从整个建筑可以理解的制高点.3.Theuseoflightandshadow,aswellassurfacedecoration,cangreatlyenhanceastructure.4.Theanalysisofbuildingtypesprovidesaninsightintopastculturesanderas.5.Behindeachofthegreaterstylesliesnotacasualtrendnoravogue,butaperiodofseriousandurgentexperimentationdirectedtowardansweringtheneedsofaspecificwayoflife.在每种更大的风格背后存在的不是普通的流行趋势或风气,而是一种严重和紧迫的试验方法.这种试验是直接针对生活具体方式的需要而进行的.不是…不是…而是分词做定语Behindeachofthegreaterstyles.表示地点的介词短语放在句首,引起完全倒装.即主语和谓语的顺序调换.E.g.:Underthetreeliesayoungman.Betweenthetwobuildingsstandatower.6.Oncedeveloped,amethodsurvivestenaciously,givingwayonlywhensocialchangesornewbuildingtechniqueshavereducedit.oncedeveloped=onceamethodisdeveloped.发生省略Question:什么时候可发生这样的省略?tenaciously[tɪ'neʃəslɪ]坚持地;顽强地分词做状语7.Thatevolutionaryprocessisexemplifiedbythehistoryofmodernarchitecture,whichdevelopedfromthefirstusesofstructuralironandsteelinthemid-19thcentury.exemplify[ɪg'zɛmplə,faɪ]例示;作为...的例子

I'mgoingtoexemplifyoneortwoofthesepoints.7.Untilthe20thcentury,therewerethreegreatdevelopmentsinarchitecturalconstruction.直到20世纪,在建筑结构上有三大开展趋势

thepost-andlintel,ortrabeatedsystem;thearchsystem,eitherthecohesivetype,employingplasticmaterialshardeningintoahomogeneousmass,orthethrusttype,inwhichtheloadsarereceivedandcounterbalancedatdefinitepoints;andthemodernsteel-skeletonsystem.连梁柱系统或横梁式系统;拱系统,或黏合类型,利用塑胶材料硬化变成均质体,或嵌入类型,其中荷载收到和明确点抵消;现代钢骨架系统.thepost-andlintel,ortrabeatedsystemthearchsystemthemodernsteel-skeletonsystem

skeleton['skɛlətn](房屋等的)骨架ArchitectureoftheAncientWorld8.InEgyptianarchitecture,towhichbelongsomeoftheearliestextantstructurestobecalledarchitecture(erectedbytheEgyptiansbefore3000BC),thepost-and-lintelsystemwasemployedexclusivelyandproducedtheearlieststonecolumnarbuildingsinhistory.在埃及建筑中,那些属于最早的现存结构,一些被称为建筑(由埃及人建于公元前3000年),连梁柱系统完全被利用并产生了历史上最早的石柱状建筑物.columnar：[kə‘lʌmnɚ]柱状的介词+关系代词引导非限EgyptianPyramidstonecolumnarbuilding9.Aftergenerationsofexperimentationwithbuildingsoflimitedvariety,theGreeksgavetothesimplepost-and-lintelsystemthepurest,mostperfectexpressionitwastoattain.经过对有限的各种建筑物的数代的试验,希腊人给出了最纯粹最完美的简单的连梁柱系统.介词短语做定语ArchitectureoftheMiddleAges1.ArchitectureduringtheMiddleAgessawmanyinnovativechangesfromtheRomanesquestyleofarchitecturetotheGothicstyleofarchitecture.

中世纪的建筑，见证了许多从罗马风格的建筑到哥特式的建筑风格的变革。2.RomanesquearchitecturewasthenamegiventothestyleofarchitectureusedinveryearlyMiddlesAgeswhenmuchofthesedevelopmentswerepioneeredbytheNormansandtheirprolificcastlebuilding.罗马式建筑很早就在中世纪时使用建筑风格名称并由诺曼人和他们的城堡建设者首先进行开展.分词做定语定语从句Romanesquearchitecture

TheRomanesquearchitectureoftheearlyMiddleAgeswasnotableforstrong,simple,massiveformsandvaultsexecutedincutstone.罗马式建筑有着强有力的，简单，大量的窗体和石拱顶用在削石中而有名。Benotablefor…:以……而著称E.g.Theplayisnotableforthepathosofitsfinalscene.该剧以最后一场的哀婉动人而著称。GothicarchitectureArchitectureoftheNewWorld1.Thearchitectsofthelate19thcenturyfoundthemselvesinaworldbeingreshapedbyscience,industry,andspeed.2.Theneedsofanewsocietypressedthem,whilesteel,reinforcedconcrete,andelectricitywereamongthemanynewtechnicalmeansattheirdisposal.3.Aftermorethanahalf-centuryofassimilationandexperimentation,modernarchitecture,oftencalledtheInternationalStyle,producedanastonishingvarietyofdaringandoriginalbuildings,oftensteelsubstructuressheathedinglass.

经过半个多世纪的吸收和实验,现代建筑,通常被称为国际风格,创作出了大胆和新颖的各种惊人的建筑物,通常是钢结构中包含着玻璃.过去分词结构做非谓语TheBauhaus包豪斯，德语Bauhaus的译音，由德语bau(建造)和Haus(房屋)两词合成。1919年，德国包豪斯设计学院成立。该学院以包豪斯为基地，在1920年形成了现代建筑中的一个重要派别——现代主义建筑。包豪斯主张适应现代大工业生产和生活需要，讲求建筑功能、技术和经济效益。说起来，其本义是造平民化的房子。在1919年的《包豪斯宣言》里中有这样一句：一切创造活动的终极目标就是建筑。在中国，最成功的包豪斯风格作品很可能是北京的798。包豪斯的历程就是现代设计诞生的历程，也是在艺术和机械技术这两个相去甚远的门类见搭建桥梁的历程。无论是在建筑学、美术学、工业设计，包豪斯都占有主导地位。TheBauhaus包豪斯建筑学派4.Morerecently,postmodernarchitecture,whichexploitsandexpandsthetechnicalinnovationsofmodernism

whileoftenincorporatingstylisticelementsfromotherarchitecturalstylesorperiods,hasbecomeaninternationalmovement.最近,后现代建筑学,利用和扩展了现代派技术的创新,它是经常进行吸收和纳入来自其他建筑风格或某个阶段的建筑风格元素,这种后现代建筑学风格已经成为一项国际流行的趋势.非限制性定语从句 CheckyourUnderstandingChoosethebestanswerSeepage6BuildupyourProfessionalVocabularyTranslationTask2ReadtoThinkTextBBecomeanArchitectWarming-upQuestions:Ifyouwanttobeanarchitect,whatkindofqualificationsdoyouneedtoobtain?Youcanspeakinchinese.Step1:basicvocabularystudyProfessionalVocabularystudyPleasereadthetextBasquicklyaspossible,trytofinish:ExerciseBTask3LearntoSpeakJobinterviewingPleasepracticethedialoguewithyourpartnerTask4LearntoWriteAnApplicationLetterJobApplicationLetter求职信

AnIntroductionApplicationletter

thepurpose:torespondtojobadvertisementsandvacancyannouncements.toshowthatyourqualificationsfittheemployer'srequirementsfortheposition.togettheemployertoreadyourrésumétoinviteyouforaninterview.求职信写作要点1、篇幅不宜过长；2、书写字体要整洁可辨，应使用打印机打印，可是如果你有一手极漂亮的钢笔字，不妨试着设计一份手写简历3、语法准确无误，拼写正确。务必注意对方姓名、公司名称等重要信息不能出错4、格式正式、排版大方美观

ClearnessConcisenessCorrectnessCourtesy(politeness)FeaturesofApplicationLettersClearness(明了)Focusonthesubject–seekingajob,Thestructureshouldalsobeclearsothatthereadercaneasilygetyourpoint.Conciseness(简洁)Alltheinformationincludedinthelettershouldberelevanttothejob.

Besides,usemoreshortsentencesthancompoundsentences.Correctness(准确)Becorrectinyourwording,andavoidtoomanyspellingorpunctuationmistakes.Courtesy(politeness)(礼貌)Writeinapropertone.Showyourrespecttothereceiver.1234567Heading信头InsideAddress信内地址Salutation称呼Body正文ComplementaryClose结束语Signature签名Enclosure附件StructureofapplicationletterNo.11,4F,Lane200TungHwaStreetTaipei,TaiwanR.O.C.January2,1985Mr.MichaelJohnson116SeventhAvenueNewYork,N.Y.11216U.S.A.DearMr.Johnson,

Yourssincerely,GeorgeLeeP.S.1.信头〔TheHeading〕2.收信人姓名和地址(InsideAddress)3.称呼(TheSalutation)4.信文(TheBody)5.结尾谦称(TheComplimentaryClose)6.签名〔TheSignature〕7.附言ThePostscriptHeadingInsideAddressBodyofLetterSalutationComplementaryCloseEnclosureSignatureHowtowritethebodypart假设你叫李平，从报上得知某公司欲招聘一名英语翻译。个人资料如下：简况：姓名，李平；年龄，30岁；身高，1.80米；健康状况，良好；业余爱好，游泳、唱歌、跳舞。简历：1994年北京大学毕业后分配到南通中学工作，1996年调至苏州中学工作至今。工作：工作认真负责，与人相处融洽。特长：精通英语，尤其口语，已将多本中文书籍译成英语，懂一些日语、能用日语与外宾对话。联系：3654731：苏州市人民路一号Step1:介绍消息来源介绍消息来源实际上是求职信的开篇交待句，它可使求职信显得自然、顺畅；而不介绍消息来源，会使收信人感到意外、突然，文章也缺乏过渡.从报上得知某公司欲招聘一名英语翻译。本文消息来源可作如下介绍：Dearmanager，IlearnedfromthenewspaperthatyourcompanywantedtohireanEnglishtranslator.Step2：说明求职心愿介绍完消息来源后，应向收信人说明自己的求职心愿，即写信的目的。本文求职心愿可作如下介绍：I’minterestedinthisjobverymuch.I’dliketoget/applyforthisjob.Step3：介绍个人简历即使公司需要招入新人，你也有求职意愿，但也不能保证你就是适宜的人选。如果你没有干好这项工作的经历、实力，也是难以适应的。因此，介绍个人简历是必不可少的。简况：姓名，李平；年龄，30岁；身高，1.80米；健康状况，良好；业余爱好，游泳、唱歌、跳舞。简历：1994年北京大学毕业后分配到南通中学工作，1996年调至苏州中学工作至今。

NowI’dliketointroducemyselftoyou.MynameisLiPing.I’m30yearsold.I’m180cmtall.I’mhealthy.Ilikeswimming,singinganddancinginmysparetime.IgraduatedfromBeijingUniversityin1994.Then,IwenttoworkinNantongMiddleSchool.In1996,IbegantoworkinSuzhouMiddleSchoolandIhaveworkedthereuntilnow.Step4:摆出求职优势求职时应说明自己除了具有一定的工作经历之外，还具有一定的优势和特长工作：工作认真负责，与人相处融洽。特长：精通英语，尤其口语，已将多本中文书籍译成英语，懂一些日语、能用日语与外宾对话。本文可通过如下方法摆出自己的优势：IworkhardandIcangetalongwellwithothers.I’mgoodatEnglishandespeciallymyspokenEnglishisverygood.I’vetranslatedmanyChinesebooksintoEnglish.IcanunderstandJapaneseandIcantalktoforeignersinJapanesefreely.step5:提出获职打算工作经验,优势和特长，只能代表过去和现在，获职打算代表了将来。显然说明获职后努力工作的决心顺利谋得此项工作的重要一环。本文获职打算可作如下介绍：Ifyouagreewithme，I’llworkhardandtrytobeagoodtranslator.Step6：请求答复联系如果公司同意了你的求职要求，必然要和你联系，以便你去应聘或报到。请求答复联系时，你还应当提供：通讯地址、邮政编码、号码、电子信箱等。联系：3654731：苏州市人民路一号本文答复联系的内容可作如下介绍：Ifyouagreewithme，pleasewritealettertomeorphoneme.IliveatNo.1RenminRoad，Suzhoucity.Mytelephonenumberis3654371.Step7:说明感谢之情并表达希望得到面试的时机。本文可这样来说明感谢之情：Thankyouverymuch.Iamlookingforwardtohearingfromyouassoonaspossible.Enclosure附件Underthesignature.Indicatesmaterialsattachedtotheletter.Abbreviatedas“Encl.”or“Enc.”Shouldstatethecontentandamountofenclosedfiles.E.g.

Enclosure:Aresume附上简历一份

Enc.Aphotocopyofacademicdegreecertificate附学位证书复印件一份

Encls.2photographs附照片两张SampleEnglishapplicationlettersLayoutofEnglishApplicationLettersandSuperscription(信封格式)

BlockStyle平头式Sender’saddressReceiver’saddressDearSir,PleaseconsidermeforthepositionofmarketinvestigatoryouadvisedinMarketInformationofJune17th.

Iam28yearsold